RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Studies assessing the management of laryngopharyngeal reflux by otolaryngologists have reported an important heterogeneity regarding the definition, diagnosis, and treatment, which leads to discrepancies in the management of the patient. Information about the current knowledge and practices of Brazilian otolaryngologists in laryngopharyngeal reflux is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the trends in management of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease among Brazilian otolaryngologists. METHODS: A survey was sent by email to the members of the Brazilian Association of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery. This survey has initially been conducted by the laryngopharyngeal reflux study group of young otolaryngologists of the International Federation of Otolaryngological Societies. RESULTS: According to the survey responders, the prevalence of laryngopharyngeal reflux was estimated to be 26.8% of patients consulting in otolaryngology and the most common symptoms were globus sensation, throat clearing, cough and stomach acid reflux. Nasal obstruction, Eustachian tube dysfunction, acute and chronic otitis media, vocal fold nodules and hemorrhage were considered not associated with laryngopharyngeal reflux by the majority of responders. About 2/3 of Brazilian otolaryngologists based the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux on the assessment of both symptoms and findings and a positive response to empiric therapeutic trials. Proton pump inhibitor utilized once or twice daily, was the most commonly used therapeutic scheme. Only 21.4% of Brazilian otolaryngologists have heard about nonacid and mixed laryngopharyngeal reflux and the awareness about the usefulness of multichannel intraluminal impedance pH monitoring (MII-pH) was minimal; 30.5% of responders did not consider themselves as well-informed about laryngopharyngeal reflux. CONCLUSION: Although the laryngopharyngeal reflux-related symptoms, main diagnostic and treatment approaches referred by Brazilian otolaryngologists are consistent with the literature, the survey identified some limitations, such as the insufficient awareness of the role of laryngopharyngeal reflux in many otolaryngological conditions and of the possibility of non-acid or mixed reflux in refractory cases. Future studies are needed to establish international recommendations for the management of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease.
Assuntos
Refluxo Laringofaríngeo , Otolaringologia , Humanos , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/diagnóstico , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/tratamento farmacológico , Brasil/epidemiologia , Otorrinolaringologistas , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Introdução e objetivos: Tonsilectomia é um procedimento doloroso que causa considerável desconforto pós-operatório para os pacientes. Objetivamos comparar o padrão de dor pós-operatória em pacientes submetidos à tonsilectomia conforme a idade dos mesmos. Material e métodos: O estudo foi realizado com 58 pacientes entre cinco e 59 anos submetidos à tonsilectomia, realizada pela técnica convencional, para avaliarmos a dor pós-operatória. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: I (pacientes entre cinco e 10 anos) e II (pacientes maiores ele 10 anos). Os anestésicos e analgésicos pós-operatórios foram padronizados. A avaliação da dor pós-operatória foi realizada mediante uma escala analógica visual preenchida pelo próprio paciente, quantificação dos analgésicos ingeridos nas 24 horas e qualidade da dieta ingerida. Esta avaliação foi realizada durante 12 dias. Os resultados foram avaliados através do teste de Mann-Whitney Rank Sum ou teste do qui-quadrado (p<0.05). Resultados: A média ele idade do grupo I foi de 7.68 anos (n=29) e grupo II de 24.34 anos (n=26). Três pacientes do grupo II foram excluídos deste estudo por terem usado analgesia não padronizada. Ao avaliar a dor pós-operatória e ingestão de analgésicos, observamos que os pacientes cio grupo I apresentaram menor dor e menor ingestão de analgésicos do que os pacientes do grupo II em todos os dias de seguimento, exceto no primeiro dia pós-operatório, quando não houve diferença entre os grupos (p<0.05). Os pacientes do grupo I voltaram a ingerir uma dieta normal no quinto dia pós-operatório e grupo II no nono dia pós-operatório (p<0.05). Conclusão: Com base nesses resultados, podemos afirmar que as crianças sentem menos dor pós-tonsilectomia do que adolescentes e adultos, necessitando de uma menor quantidade de analgésicos e retornando mais precocemente à uma dieta normal.
Backgrounds and aims: Tonsillectomy is a painful procedure that produces remarkable post-operative discomfort. The aim of this study was to compare the post-operative pain patterns of younger and older patients. Material and methods: Tonsillectomy was carried out in 58 patients by convencional technique to evaluate post-operative pain. The scores for those patients 10 years or younger (group 1) were compared with those older than 10 (group 11). The anaesthetic and perioperative analgesic regimes were standardized. Patients were asked to score their pain on a linear analogue scale, to record the total number of analgesics required in the previous 24h and whether they had been able to eat normal diet. This evaluation lasted for 12 days. Results were analized by Mann-Whitney Rank Sum test or Chi-square (p<0.05). Results: Mean age was 7.68 years in group I (n=29) and 24.34 years in group II (n=26). There patients in the group II were excluded from this study due to use non-standardized analgesic regimes. In the group of patients of 10 years or younger the severity of post-operative pain was lower that in older patients and less analgesia was required in the follow-up, except at the first day post-operatively when no difference was observed between groups (p<0.05). The mean time for return to normal diet was five days in the younger age group and nine days in the older group (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that there is a significant difference in the pattern of pain experienced following tonsillectomy in children under 10 years of age compared to older patients. Thus, less analgesia is required and earlier return to normal diet is observed in younger age group.