RESUMO
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Dyslipidaemia is usually common in obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical trials suggest that orange juice may have a positive impact on lipid metabolism and blood lipid profiles; however conflicting results have been reported. Here, we applied a combined untargeted/targeted lipidomic analysis of plasma to examine the impact of orange (Citrus sinensis) juice intake on the lipidome profile of obese and insulin-resistant subjects. METHODS: Twenty-five participants, both sexes, aged 40-60 years, with obesity and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index >2.71) ingested 400 mL of orange juice 'Pera' (C. sinensis) for 15 d. Cardiometabolic biomarkers, anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, and plasma lipidomic analysis results were assessed at the beginning and end of the intervention. RESULTS: After the 15-d intervention, a significant decrease was observed in the diastolic blood pressure and blood lipid profile. Among plasma lipidomes, 316 lipid molecules were identified, with the triglycerides (TGs) subclass being the most abundant (n = 106). Plasma lipidome profiling revealed a major signature of the intervention; with concentrations of 37 TG species decreasing after intervention. Qualitatively, oleic and linoleic acids were among the most prevalent fatty acids linked to the altered TG species, representing 50% of TG chains. Modulated TG species were positively correlated with total TG and very low-density lipoprotein levels, as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure. A strong inter-individual trend was observed, wherein, compared with less responsive subjects, the high responsive subjects displayed the highest decrease in the concentrations of altered TG species, as as well as systolic blood pressure (decrease of 10.3 ± 6.8 mmHg) and body weight (decrease of 0.67 ± 0.71 kg). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that orange juice has a positive impact on lipid metabolism, mainly regarding the composition of TG-specific fatty acid chains and cholesterol esters, protecting against insulin resistance. Furthermore, lipidomics may help clarify alterations at the molecular level after an intervention, contributing to improve the evaluation of the link between dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, and nutrition.
Assuntos
Animais , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Biomarcadores , Citrus sinensis/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus , Triglicerídeos , Ácidos Linoleicos , Ésteres do Colesterol , Receptores de Lipoproteínas , Ácidos Graxos , ObesidadeRESUMO
A obesidade é uma doença complexa que está associada inflamação crônica de baixo grau que contribui para o desenvolvimento de diversos distúrbios metabólicos como a resistência à insulina e estudos recentes sugerem a influência da microbiota intestinal no desenvolvimento e manutenção da doença. Diversos estudos apontam para o benefício da ingestão de frutas e vegetais na prevenção e tratamento de doenças crônicas. O suco de laranja contém diversos compostos bioativos com ações anti-inflamatórias, antioxidantes com efeitos na composição da microbiota intestinal. Deste modo, o objetivo principal deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da ingestão do suco de laranja Pera e Moro sobre a composição da microbiota intestinal e de parâmetros inflamatórios em voluntários com obesidade e resistência à insulina. Foi realizado um ensaio clínico crossover com suplementação de suco de laranja (400ml/dia) por 15 dias com um período de washout de 40 dias. As análises de sangue, fezes, urina, composição corporal, consumo alimentar foram realizadas antes e após cada intervenção. A comparação entre os tratamentos foi realizada utilizando equações de estimativas generalizadas e adotou-se um nível de significância de 5%. Em relação à microbiota intestinal, em ambos os tratamentos, os dois filos mais abundantes foram Firmicutes e Actinobateria. Dos gêneros analisados, observou-se maior abundância de Bifidobacterium após a suplementação com o suco de laranja Moro. O suco de laranja Pera promoveu uma diminuição da zonulina e o suco de laranja Moro contribuiu para redução de citocinas inflamatórias, diminuição da pressão arterial e aumento nos níveis de acetato nas fezes. Após a separação dos voluntários por grau de obesidade, observamos que o suco de laranja Moro contribuiu para o aumento na abundância de Akkermansia, Alistipes, Bacteroides e Catenibacterium em indivíduos com obesidade grau 3. Além disso, em ambos os sucos encontramos redução da razão Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes e aumento da excreção de metabólitos de flavonoides após os tratamentos. Diante destes resultados, conclui-se que o suco de laranja Pera apresentou ações positivas sobre a permeabilidade intestinal e o suco de laranja Moro promoveu efeitos mais expressivos na modulação da inflamação associada à obesidade e da microbiota intestinal
Obesity is a complex disease that is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation, and it contributes to the development of several metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, and recent studies suggest the influence of the intestinal microbiota in the development and maintenance of the disease. Several studies have suggested the benefit of fruits and vegetables consumption in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. The orange juice contains some bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions with effects in the composition of the gut microbiota. Thus, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Pera and Moro orange juice consumption on the composition of the gut microbiota and inflammatory parameters in volunteers with obesity and insulin resistance. A crossover clinical trial was carried out with orange juice supplementation (400ml/day) for 15 days with a washout period of 40 days. Blood, feces, urine, body composition, food consumption were analyzed before and after each intervention. Comparison between treatments was performed using generalized estimating equations and a significance level of 5% was adopted. In relation to gut microbiota, in both treatments, the two most abundant phyla were Firmicutes and Actinobateria. In the analysis of bacterial genera, a greater abundance of Bifidobacterium was observed after supplementation with Moro orange juice. The Pera orange juice reduced zonulin and Moro orange juice contributed to a reduction on inflammatory cytokines, a decrease in blood pressure and an increase in acetate levels in the stool. After separating the volunteers by degree of obesity, we observed that Moro orange juice contributed to the increase in the abundance of Akkermansia, Alistipes, Bacteroides and Catenibacterium in individuals with grade 3 obesity. Furthermore, in both juices we found a reduction in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and increased excretion of flavonoid metabolites after treatments. Therefore, we concluded that Pera orange juice had positive actions on intestinal permeability and Moro orange juice promoted more expressive effects on the modulation of inflammation associated with obesity and on the intestinal microbiota
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Citrus sinensis/classificação , Citrus sinensis/efeitos adversos , Ingestão de Alimentos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Frutas , Obesidade/classificação , Voluntários , Flavonoides/agonistas , Composição Corporal , Obesidade Mórbida/complicações , Resistência à Insulina , Doença Crônica , Ingestão de Alimentos , Pressão Arterial , Compostos Fitoquímicos/efeitos adversos , InflamaçãoRESUMO
Previously, we showed that oligofructose (10%) supplementation during pregnancy and lactation increased endotoxemia in 21-d-old pups. The present study evaluated the effect of 10% oligofructose diet supplementation during pregnancy and lactation in the presence or absence of hydrogenated vegetable fat on the pro-inflammatory status of 21-d-old offspring. On the first day of pregnancy, female Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: control diet (C), control diet supplemented with 10% oligofructose (CF), diet enriched with hydrogenated vegetable fat (T) or diet enriched with hydrogenated vegetable fat supplemented with 10% oligofructose (TF). Diets were maintained during pregnancy and lactation. Serum TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha) was assessed using a specific kit. Protein expression was determined by Western Blotting, and the relative mRNA levels were analyzed by RT-PCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction). We observed that 10% oligofructose supplementation during pregnancy and lactation increased offspring's IL-6R (interleukin-6 receptor) mRNA levels in the liver and RET (retroperitoneal white adipose tissue) and decreased ADIPOR2 (adiponectin receptor 2) and ADIPOR1 (adiponectin receptor 1) gene expression in liver and EDL (extensor digital longus)/ SOL (soleus) muscles of CF group. Additionally, TF group presented with increased serum TNF-α, protein expression of p-NFκBp65 (phosphorylated form of nuclear factor kappa B p65 subunit) in liver and IL-6R mRNA levels in RET. These findings were accompanied by decreased levels of ADIPOR1 mRNA in the EDL and SOL muscles of the TF group. In conclusion, supplementing the dam's diet with 10% of oligofructose during pregnancy and lactation, independent of hydrogenated vegetable fat addition, contributes to the increased pro-inflammatory status of 21-d-old offspring, possibly through the activation of the TLR4 (toll like receptor 4) pathway.
Assuntos
Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Oligossacarídeos/farmacologia , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Tecido Adiposo Branco/metabolismo , Animais , Feminino , Inflamação/metabolismo , Gordura Intra-Abdominal/metabolismo , Lactação , Fígado/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Gravidez , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/sangue , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Receptores de Adiponectina/genética , Receptores de Adiponectina/metabolismo , Receptores de Interleucina-6/genética , Receptores de Interleucina-6/metabolismoRESUMO
Prebiotics may increase intestinal Fe absorption in anaemic growing rats. The present study evaluated the effects of high-performance (HP) inulin and oligofructose on factors that regulate Fe absorption in anaemic rats during the growth phase. Male Wistar rats aged 21 d of age were fed AIN-93G ration without Fe for 2 weeks to induce Fe-deficiency anaemia. The rats were fed on day 35 a control diet, or a diet with 10 % HP inulin, or a diet with 10 % oligofructose, without Fe supplementation. The animals were euthanised after 2 weeks, and segments of the duodenum, caecum, colon and liver were removed. The expression levels of proteins in the intestinal segments were assessed using Western blotting. The levels of serum, urine and liver hepcidin and the concentrations of IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-α in the caecum, colon and liver were measured using the ELISA test. HP inulin increased the expression of the divalent metal transporter 1 protein in the caecum by 162 % (P= 0·04), and the expression of duodenal cytochrome b reductase in the colon by 136 % (P= 0·02). Oligofructose decreased the expression of the protein ferroportin in the duodenum (P= 0·02), the concentrations of IL-10 (P= 0·044), IL-6 (P= 0·036) and TNF-α (P= 0·004) in the caecum, as well as the level of urinary hepcidin (P< 0·001). These results indicate that prebiotics may interfere with the expression of various intestinal proteins and systemic factors involved in the regulation of intestinal Fe absorption in anaemic rats during the growth phase.
Assuntos
Anemia Ferropriva/dietoterapia , Proteínas de Transporte de Cátions/metabolismo , Grupo dos Citocromos b/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Prebióticos , Regulação para Cima , Anemia Ferropriva/imunologia , Anemia Ferropriva/metabolismo , Anemia Ferropriva/patologia , Animais , Proteínas de Transporte de Cátions/agonistas , Ceco/imunologia , Ceco/metabolismo , Ceco/patologia , Colo/enzimologia , Colo/imunologia , Colo/metabolismo , Grupo dos Citocromos b/química , Grupo dos Citocromos b/genética , Duodeno/imunologia , Duodeno/metabolismo , Duodeno/patologia , Hepcidinas/sangue , Hepcidinas/metabolismo , Hepcidinas/urina , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/imunologia , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Inulina/efeitos adversos , Inulina/uso terapêutico , Fígado/imunologia , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Oligossacarídeos/efeitos adversos , Oligossacarídeos/uso terapêutico , Tamanho do Órgão , Prebióticos/efeitos adversos , Ratos Wistar , Aumento de PesoRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Functional foods containing bioactive compounds of whey may play an important role in prevention and treatment of obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the prospects of the biotechnological process of coacervation of whey proteins (CWP) in chitosan and test its antiobesogenic potential. METHODS: CWP (100 mg · kg · day) was administered in mice with diet-induced obesity for 8 weeks. The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). RESULTS: HF-CWP reduced weight gain and serum lipid fractions and displayed reduced adiposity and insulin. Adiponectin was significantly higher in HF-CWP group when compared to the HF. The level of LPS in HF-W group was significantly higher when compared to HF-CWP. The IL-10 showed an inverse correlation between the levels of insulin and glucose in the mesenteric adipose tissue in the HF-CWP group. CWP promoted an increase in both phosphorylation AMPK and the amount of ATGL in the mesenteric adipose tissue in HF-CWP group. CONCLUSION: CWP was able to modulate effects, possibly due to its high biological value of proteins. We observed a protective effect against obesity and improved the inflammatory milieu of white adipose tissue.
Assuntos
Composição Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Quitosana/farmacologia , Proteínas do Leite/farmacologia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/farmacologia , Animais , Quitosana/uso terapêutico , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Obesos , Proteínas do Leite/uso terapêutico , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Proteínas do Soro do LeiteRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of exercise training (ET, 50-70% of VO2 max, 5 days/week) and detraining (DT) on inflammatory and metabolic profile after myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into control (C, n = 8), sedentary infarcted (SI, n = 9), trained infarcted (TI, n = 10; 3 months of ET), and detrained infarcted (DI, n = 11; 2 months of ET + 1 month of DT). After ET and DT protocols, ventricular function and inflammation, cardiovascular autonomic modulation (spectral analysis), and adipose tissue inflammation and lipolytic pathway were evaluated. ET after MI improved cardiac and vascular autonomic modulation, and these benefits were correlated with reduced inflammatory cytokines on the heart and adipose tissue. These positive changes were sustained even after 1 month of detraining. No expressive changes were observed in oxidative stress and lipolytic pathway in experimental groups. In conclusion, our results strongly suggest that the autonomic improvement promoted by ET, and maintained even after the detraining period, was associated with reduced inflammatory profile in the left ventricle and adipose tissue of rats subjected to MI. These data encourage enhancing cardiovascular autonomic function as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inflammatory process triggered by MI.
Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/imunologia , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/metabolismo , Infarto do Miocárdio/imunologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/metabolismo , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Animais , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Inflamação/imunologia , Inflamação/metabolismo , Inflamação/terapia , Masculino , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
STUDY OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between sleep duration and dietary habits in elderly obese patients treated at an institute of cardiology. METHODS: The fifty-eight volunteers were elderly patients with obesity (classified as obese according to BMI) of both genders, between 60 and 80 years of age. All participants were subjected to assessments of food intake, anthropometry, level of physical activity, and duration of sleep. RESULTS: The men had significantly greater weight, height, and waist circumference than women. Sleep durations were correlated with dietary nutrient compositions only in men. We found a negative association between short sleep and protein intake (r = -0.43; p = 0.02), short sleep and monounsaturated fatty acids intake (r = -0.40; p = 0.03), and short sleep and cholesterol dietary intake (r = -0.50; p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that mainly in men, volunteers that had short sleep duration showed a preference for high energy-density as fatty food, at least in part, may explain the relationship between short sleep duration and the development of metabolic abnormalities.