RESUMO
Invasive non-native freshwater mollusks are a growing concern in South America, with 16 species already recorded in the region. Among them, Sinotaia quadrata has only been documented in Argentina, for the first time in the Punilla Valley, Córdoba (2009) and La Plata, Buenos Aires (since 2015). In this study, we report the presence of S. quadrata in two additional areas, the Río de la Plata River and a stream (unnamed) in the Paraná River basin, two of the most significant rivers in South America, located in the provinces of Buenos Aires and Entre Ríos, respectively. These new records confirm the invasive nature of this species, which has also been identified in Europe, the United States, and Africa in recent years. The findings of this study highlight the need for continued monitoring and management of invasive species in South America's freshwater ecosystems.
Assuntos
Gastrópodes , Espécies Introduzidas , Rios , Animais , Argentina , Gastrópodes/classificação , Gastrópodes/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
RESUMEN Los aneurismas de la arteria hepática son una patología poco frecuente. Cuando son sintomáticos, se debe sospechar un sufrimiento aneurismático y su tratamiento está indicado. Presentamos el caso clínico de un paciente con mal terreno cardiovascular, que consultó por un cuadro clínico de dolor epigástrico, repercusión hemodinámica e ictericia. La imagenología evidenció la presencia de un aneurisma de la arteria hepática común complicado con compromiso del origen de la arteria hepática propia y la arteria gastroduodenal. La presencia de una vascularización arterial hepática "no convencional" con una arteria hepática derecha proveniente de la arteria mesentérica superior, en la angiotomografía, permitió cambiar la táctica quirúrgica haciéndose prescindible la realización de un bypass. Este caso resalta la importancia de determinar en el preoperatorio no solo la extensión del aneurisma, sino también la anatomía vascular hepática a fin de planificar mejor la cirugía, disminuyendo así la morbimortalidad de esta enfermedad.
ABSTRACT Hepatic artery aneurysms are rare. Expanding aneurysms should be suspected in case of symptoms and treatment is indicated. We report the case of a patient with a history of cardiovascular disease who sought medical care due to epigastric pain, hemodynamic instability and jaundice. The imaging tests showed the presence of an aneurysm of the common hepatic artery complicated with involvement of the origin of the proper hepatic artery and the gastroduodenal artery. The surgical approach could be changed due to presence of a "non-conventional" hepatic arterial variant with a right hepatic artery originating from the superior mesenteric artery in the computed tomography angiography as bypass surgery was not necessary. This case highlights the importance of determining the extent of the aneurysm in the preoperative period and the anatomy of the hepatic vessels to better plan the surgery, thus reducing morbidity and mortality of this disease.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Aneurisma Roto/cirurgia , Artéria Hepática/patologia , Aneurisma Roto/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemoperitônio/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Hepática/cirurgia , LaparotomiaRESUMO
Background: Asthma is a chronic pulmonary disease that affects about 300 million people worldwide. Previous studies have associated antimicrobial use with allergies, but the real impact of antibiotics on asthma is still elusive. We investigated the potential impact of amoxicillin (Amox), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), and metronidazole (Metro) in a murine model of OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation. Methods: BALB/c mice received three cycles of 7 days of antibiotics in drinking water followed by 7 days washout and were sensitized i.p. with OVA/Alum at days 0 and 14. After the end of the last antibiotic washout, the mice were challenged with aerosolized OVA. Pulmonary parameters were evaluated, and serum, BAL, and feces were collected for analysis. Results: Amox- and TMP/SMX-treated animals displayed more severe allergic airway inflammation parameters with increased airway hyperresponsiveness, reduced lung alveolar volume, and increased levels in BAL of IL-4 and IL-6. In contrast, Metro-treated mice showed preserved FEV-50, decreased lung inflammation, and higher levels of butyrate and propionate in their feces. Metro treatment was associated with increased OVA-specific IgA in serum. BAL microbiota was abundant in allergic groups but not in nonallergic controls with the Amox-treated group displaying the increased frequency of Proteobacteria, while Metro and TMP/SMX showed increased levels of Firmicutes. In the gut, we observed the enrichment of Akkermansia muciniphila associated with reduced airway inflammation phenotype in the Metro group, even after the recovery period. Conclusion: Our data suggest that different antibiotic treatments may impact the course of experimental allergic airway inflammation in diverse ways by several mechanisms, including modulation of short-chain fat acids production by intestinal microbiota.
Assuntos
Asma , Hipersensibilidade , Microbiota , Animais , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Pulmão , Camundongos , Combinação Trimetoprima e SulfametoxazolRESUMO
STING (stimulator of interferon genes) is a cytosolic sensor for cyclic dinucleotides and also an adaptor molecule for intracellular DNA receptors. Although STING has important functions in the host defense against pathogens and in autoimmune diseases, its physiological relevance in intestinal homeostasis is largely unknown. In this study, we show that STING-/- mice presented defective protective mechanisms of intestinal mucosa, including decreased number of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of secretory IgA, when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Fecal content and microbiota DNA could activate STING, indicating a role of this molecule in gut. Microbiota composition was altered in STING-/- mice toward a more inflammatory profile, evidencing a reduction in the Allobacolum and Bifidobacterium groups along with increase in Disulfovibrio bacteria. Absence of STING lead to decrease in induced intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and to increase in group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1) as well as ILC3 frequencies and decrease in ILC2 in the colon. Development and function of Foxp3+ and LAP+ regulatory T cells were also compromised in STING-/- mice. Moreover, these mice were highly susceptible to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis, T-cell-induced colitis, and enteric Salmonella typhimurium infection when compared with WT animals. Therefore, our results identify an important role of STING in maintaining gut homeostasis and also a protective effect in controlling gut inflammation.
Assuntos
Colite/imunologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Mucosa Intestinal/imunologia , Intestinos/fisiologia , Linfócitos/imunologia , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Infecções por Salmonella/imunologia , Salmonella typhimurium/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Animais , Colite/induzido quimicamente , Colite/genética , Sulfato de Dextrana , Feminino , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/metabolismo , Homeostase , Imunidade Inata , Imunoglobulina A Secretora/sangue , Masculino , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Infecções por Salmonella/genética , Células Th1/imunologiaRESUMO
The spleen is a secondary lymphoid organ that harbours a variety of cells such as T and B lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells important to immune response development. In this study, we evaluated the impact of spleen removal in the immune response to experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection. C57BL/6 mice were infected with Y strain of the parasite and infection was followed daily. Mice that underwent splenectomy had fewer parasites in peripheral blood at the peak of infection; however, mortality was increased. Histological analysis of heart and liver tissues revealed an increased number of parasites and inflammatory infiltrates at these sites. Spleen removal was associated with reduction in IFN-γ and TNF-α production during infection as well as with a decrease in specific antibody secretion. Haematological disorders were also detected. Splenectomized mice exhibited severe anaemia and decreased bone marrow cell numbers. Our results indicate that spleen integrity is critical in T. cruzi infection for the immune response against the parasite, as well as for the control of bone marrow haematological function.
Assuntos
Doença de Chagas/imunologia , Parasitemia/imunologia , Baço/imunologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/imunologia , Animais , Doença de Chagas/mortalidade , Doença de Chagas/parasitologia , Citocinas/sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Coração/parasitologia , Histocitoquímica , Interferon gama/sangue , Fígado/parasitologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Parasitemia/mortalidade , Parasitemia/parasitologia , Baço/parasitologia , Baço/cirurgia , Esplenectomia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangueRESUMO
Leishmaniasis causes high morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical areas. Mast cells can be activated by Leishmania or Leishmania products in vitro and in vivo. Several innate immunity mediators, including some released by mast cells, play roles in the outcome of the disease. In this study, we examined whether pharmacological inactivation of mast cells before infection with L. major interferes with the progressive disease in BALB/c mice. The results show that, when mast cells are degranulated before challenge with L. major, susceptible mice become more resistant to infection, as measured by decrease of lesion size and lower parasite loads. Mast cell degranulation reduced IL-4 production. Moreover, mast cells degranulation enhanced mRNA expression for IFN-gamma, inducible nitric oxide, CCL2 and CCL5 in response to infection. Mast cell degranulation also decreased parasite loads in IL-4 KO animals, indicating that mediators other than IL-4 are involved in susceptibility in vivo. Taken together, our results disclose a role for mast cells in the induction of susceptibility to infection. This work contributes to a better understanding of the role of mast cells in Leishmania infection, and suggests a new field of study for strategies to contain the parasite, restricting its dissemination.
Assuntos
Degranulação Celular , Leishmania major/imunologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/imunologia , Mastócitos/fisiologia , Animais , Quimiocina CCL2/biossíntese , Quimiocina CCL5/biossíntese , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Feminino , Pé/parasitologia , Pé/patologia , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Interferon gama/biossíntese , Interleucina-4/biossíntese , Interleucina-4/deficiência , Leishmaniose Cutânea/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Óxido Nítrico/biossínteseRESUMO
In the present work, the development of experimental leishmaniasis was examined in sensitized BALB/c mice that were chronically fed with antigen. After an oral challenge with egg white solution, the ovalbumin (Ova)-sensitized mice showed an increase in serum anti-Ova IgE and IgG1 antibodies. Lesions induced by Leishmania major infection were reduced by the ingestion of Ova in sensitized mice, as assessed by reduced footpad growth, lower parasite loads and improved pathological outcome compared to sham sensitized mice. Moreover, such findings were connected to a shift to a Th1 response involving higher IFN-gamma production and serum levels of IgG2a anti-Leishmania antigens. The data appear to corroborate the suggestion that chronic ingestion of an antigen by sensitized mice modulates the immunological system through a shift in cytokine release, exhibiting a healing response and resistance to L. major infection.
Assuntos
Imunização , Leishmaniose Cutânea/imunologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/prevenção & controle , Ovalbumina/administração & dosagem , Ovalbumina/imunologia , Administração Oral , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Pé/parasitologia , Pé/patologia , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Interferon gama/biossíntese , Leishmaniose Cutânea/patologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Baço/imunologiaRESUMO
Experimental models of infection with Leishmania spp. have provided knowledge of several immunological events involved in the resistance mechanism used by the host to restrain parasite growth. It is well accepted that concomitant immunity exists, and there is some evidence that it would play a major role in long-lasting acquired resistance to infection. In this paper, the resistance to Leishmania amazonensis infection in C57BL/6 mice infected with Leishmania major was investigated. C57BL/6 mice, which spontaneously heal lesions caused by infection with L. major, were infected with L. amazonensis at different times before and after L. major. We demonstrated that C57BL/6 mice previously infected with L. major restrain pathogenic responses induced by L. amazonensis infection and decrease parasite burdens by one order of magnitude. Co-infected mice showed production of IFN-gamma in lesions similar to mice infected solely with L. major, but higher TNF-alpha and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression was observed. Surprisingly, the restrained pathogenic response was not related to IL-10 production, as evidenced by lower levels of both mRNA, protein expression in lesions from co-infected mice and in co-infections in IL-10(-/-) mice. Examination of the inflammatory infiltrate at the site of infection showed a reduced number of monocytes and lymphocytes in L. amazonensis lesions. Additionally, differential production of the CCL3/MIP-1 alpha and CCL5/RANTES was observed. We suggest that the control of lesion progression caused by L. amazonensis in C57BL/6 mice pre-infected with L. major is related to the induction of a down-regulatory environment at the site of infection with L. amazonensis.
Assuntos
Leishmania major/imunologia , Leishmania/imunologia , Leishmaniose/imunologia , Animais , Quimiocina CCL3/biossíntese , Quimiocina CCL5/biossíntese , Feminino , Pé/patologia , Interferon gama/biossíntese , Interleucina-10/deficiência , Interleucina-10/imunologia , Leishmaniose/parasitologia , Leishmaniose/patologia , Linfócitos/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Monócitos/imunologia , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/biossíntese , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/biossínteseRESUMO
Se revisa la fisiopatología del hiperinsulinismo, los mecanismos celulares involucrados, sus manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes en Obstetricia y Ginecología, reuniendo información dispersa en la literatura. El objetivo es comprender el nexo entre este trastorno y las patologías mencionadas, de modo de aplicar conducta preventiva, terapéutica y visualizar eventuales terapias futuras.
Assuntos
Feminino , Hiperinsulinismo , PâncreasRESUMO
The determinants of the prevalence of CD8(+) T cells in the inflamed myocardium of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected patients and experimental animals are undefined. Using C3H/He mice infected with the Colombiana strain of T. cruzi, we found that the distribution of CD4(+)/CD8(-) and CD4(-)/CD8(+) T cells in the myocardium mirrors the frequency of cells expressing the CD62L(Low)LFA-1(High)VLA-4(High) activation phenotype among CD4(+)/CD8(-) and CD4(-)/CD8(+ )peripheral blood T cells. Consistently, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1-positive endothelial cells and a fine fibronectin network surrounding VLA-4(+) mononuclear cells were found in the inflamed myocardium. Further, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and IFN-gamma-induced chemokines (RANTES, MIG and CRG-2/IP-10), as well as JE/MCP-1 and MIP1-alpha, were found to be the dominant cytokines expressed in situ during acute and chronic myocarditis elicited by T. cruzi. In contrast, interleukin 4 mRNA was only detected during the chronic phase. Altogether, the results indicate that the distribution of T-cell subsets in the myocardium of T. cruzi-infected mice reflects the particular profile of adhesion molecules acquired by most peripheral CD8(+) T lymphocytes and point to the possibility that multiple IFN-gamma-inducible molecules present in the inflamed tissue contribute to the establishment and maintenance of T. cruzi-induced myocarditis.