RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate in mice the effect of diets enriched with soy or sunflower oil with different omega-6:omega-3 ratios on gestation, reproductive success, physical maturation, and the neurobiological development of the pups. METHODS: Dams were assigned, throughout gestation and lactation, to different groups: a commercial diet (CD), a soy oil-enriched diet (SOD), or a sunflower oil-enriched diet (SFOD). Measurements during gestation were dams' body weights and daily food intakes. Measurements in the offspring were physical parameters (body weight, body length, body mass index, fur appearance, pinna detachment, incisor eruption, eye opening, and puberty onset) and behavioral preweaning tests (surface righting reflex, negative geotaxis, and cliff avoidance). RESULTS: The SOD and SFOD dams became significantly heavier than the CD dams from gestational days 14 and 19, respectively, to parturition. There were no significant differences in gestational length or food consumption during pregnancy or lactation or in maternal weight during lactation. Diets did not modify litter size, sex ratio, survival index at weaning, or body weight. The SFOD and SOD offspring were significantly shorter than the CD offspring at weaning. The mean offspring physical scores of SOD and SFOD offspring were higher than CD offspring and simple reflexes were earlier in the SOD and SFOD groups. In SFOD offspring, puberty onset was significantly delayed, at postnatal days 26 and 27 in male and female offspring, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the maintenance of an adequate omega-6:omega-3 ratio is necessary for the optimal growth and development of murine offspring. In populations that do not have sufficient provision of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet, their consumption would be advisable during gestation and lactation because these improve most neurodevelopmental outcomes included in this study.
Assuntos
Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-6/farmacologia , Crescimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Pré-Natal , Reflexo/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Dieta/métodos , Comportamento Alimentar/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Lactação , Masculino , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Materna , Camundongos , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Nervoso/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos de Plantas/administração & dosagem , Gravidez , Prenhez/efeitos dos fármacos , Reprodução/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleo de Soja/administração & dosagem , Óleo de GirassolRESUMO
Although nonsteroidal-antiinflamatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely employed, reproductive side effects of prostaglandins long-term inhibition remain unknown. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of chronic low/moderate NSAIDs doses upon mice reproductive functions. Male or female mice were injected (i.p. for 60 or 35 days respectively) with: ibuprofen doses A, B or C (0.56, 1.12 or 1.68 mg/100 g/day respectively) or piroxicam doses A, B or C (0.028, 0.056 or 0.084 mg/100 g/day respectively). Parameters evaluated were: a) in females, spontaneous and induced ovulation, oocyte maturity and spermatozoa migration through genital tract, b) in males, epididymal spermatozoa concentration, motility, viability, resistance to hypoosmotic shock, acrosomal status and membrane maturity and c) in both genders, in vitro and in vivo fertilization, reproductive hormones plasma levels and cyclooxigenase inhibition in reproductive tissues. In females ibuprofen (dose A) elicited a significant reduction in spontaneous and induced ovulation rates and piroxicam (dose A) diminished the concentration of spermatozoa found in the uterus after mating. Males treated with ibuprofen (dose B) showed a reduction in the in vitro fertilization ability. Our data reveal that chronic administration of ibuprofen or piroxicam can exert detrimental effects upon reproductive physiology, which depends on the doses and/or the drug employed.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Ibuprofeno/farmacologia , Piroxicam/farmacologia , Reprodução/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/análise , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Fertilização/efeitos dos fármacos , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/sangue , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Oocistos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovulação/efeitos dos fármacos , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Testosterona/sangueRESUMO
Neutral alpha-glucosidase (NAG) activity is considered a functional epididymal marker in several species. Unlike the rat, no NAG activity has been detected in mice. The aims of the present study were to evaluate NAG secretory activity (the supernatant of the incubated tissue) in mouse epididymis and to determine whether it could be used as a functional epididymal marker. Epididymides (whole or in parts) were incubated in the presence or absence of testosterone (10(-5) m) and secretory NAG activity was compared with known positive controls. Furthermore, we compared enzyme activity in epididymides from well-fed and undernourished mice (50% food restriction for 21 days), a model that alters the epididymal maturation processes. Spectrophotometric analysis revealed NAG activity in mouse epididymis (22.6 +/- 3.7 mU g(-1) tissue; n = 4), being higher in the caput. NAG activity was statistically higher in the caput than in the corpus and in the cauda. No significant differences existed between the caput NAG activity and complete epididymis NAG activity. In undernourished mice, we confirmed changes in epididymal maturation observed previously (i.e. increased number of immature spermatozoa and diminution of the sperm concentration). Concordantly, the epididymides of undernourished mice exhibited decreased enzyme secretory activity, which increased to values similar to those seen in controls following incubation in the presence of testosterone (22.5 +/- 2.6, 12.5 +/- 1.0 and 22.4 +/- 3.7 mU g(-1) tissue, n = 9 in control (n = 7), undernourished (n = 9) and undernourished + testosterone groups (n = 9), respectively). In conclusion, NAG activity was detected in mouse epididymis. Although the present study supports the possibility of using NAG as an epididymal marker, more studies are necessary to effectively prove that NAG activity can be used as an epididymal marker.
Assuntos
Epididimo/fisiologia , alfa-Glucosidases/análise , Animais , Biomarcadores/análise , Epididimo/enzimologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos EndogâmicosRESUMO
It is well accepted that routine semen analysis is a useful tool for valuation of male potential fertility. In our environment, HOST has been recently applied as an additional approach which early detects structural and/or functional alterations of the sperm membranes. We investigated the possible relationship between some semen parameters and HOST in males from A) fertile couples (23-32 years old; n = 11) and B) sterile couples (25-35 years old; n = 171. Sperm concentration, motility, morphology and HOST (semen incubation in hypoosmotic saline solution-sodium citrate and fructose, 150 m0sm/1--, 37 degrees C during 60 min) were evaluated. In HOST determinations, results higher than 60 of swollen cells are considered within the normal range. In our study, sperm from males of B group showed a significantly lower percentage of hyperhydrated cells than those from A group (55.7 + 2.2 and 70.4 + 2.3 respectively; p < .001). In addition, a significant statistical correlation between HOST vs motility or normal morphology was found. On the contrary, we detected no correlation between HOST vs sperm concentration or volume. We suggest that development and application of HOST as a routine, can play an important role in the evaluation and prognosis of an infertile couple.(Au)
Assuntos
Estudo Comparativo , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Fertilidade , Infertilidade Masculina/diagnóstico , Contagem de Espermatozoides , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides , Espermatozoides/citologia , Pressão OsmóticaRESUMO
It is well accepted that routine semen analysis is a useful tool for valuation of male potential fertility. In our environment, HOST has been recently applied as an additional approach which early detects structural and/or functional alterations of the sperm membranes. We investigated the possible relationship between some semen parameters and HOST in males from A) fertile couples (23-32 years old; n = 11) and B) sterile couples (25-35 years old; n = 171. Sperm concentration, motility, morphology and HOST (semen incubation in hypoosmotic saline solution-sodium citrate and fructose, 150 m0sm/1--, 37 degrees C during 60 min) were evaluated. In HOST determinations, results higher than 60 of swollen cells are considered within the normal range. In our study, sperm from males of B group showed a significantly lower percentage of hyperhydrated cells than those from A group (55.7 + 2.2 and 70.4 + 2.3 respectively; p < .001). In addition, a significant statistical correlation between HOST vs motility or normal morphology was found. On the contrary, we detected no correlation between HOST vs sperm concentration or volume. We suggest that development and application of HOST as a routine, can play an important role in the evaluation and prognosis of an infertile couple.