RESUMO
The leaf crown borer Eupalamides cyparissias (Cramer, 1775) is an important pest of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) and other palms (Arecaceae) of economic importance, attacking the base of leaves, inflorescences, and infructescences, increasing fruit abortion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial correlation of the infestation rate of E. cyparissias in coconut plantation blocks in the Brazilian Amazon, from January to December 2019, in the city of Santa Izabel, Pará, Brazil. The study area is a farm subdivided into 157 blocks of a commercial plantation of the green dwarf coconut. The Local Moran's Index was used to evaluate the existence of spatial autocorrelation of the E. cyparissias infestation rate in the 157 blocks with neighboring blocks. The infestation rate was calculated by the ratio between the number of plants attacked by the borer and the total number of plants in a block. There is a significant correlation of the symptomatology of the attack by E. cyparissias in the blocks of the experimental area, which indicates an aggregated pattern of distribution. There is no significant correlation between the attack by the borer and the age of the coconut tree; however there is a significant correlation between the attack by the borer and proximity to forest areas. These results indicate that forest regions are foci of infestation by the borer in coconut plantations.
Assuntos
Arecaceae , Lepidópteros , Animais , Cocos , Folhas de Planta , BrasilRESUMO
The leaf crown borer Eupalamides cyparissias (Cramer, 1775) is an important pest of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) and other palms (Arecaceae) of economic importance, attacking the base of leaves, inflorescences, and infructescences, increasing fruit abortion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial correlation of the infestation rate of E. cyparissias in coconut plantation blocks in the Brazilian Amazon, from January to December 2019, in the city of Santa Izabel, Pará, Brazil. The study area is a farm subdivided into 157 blocks of a commercial plantation of the green dwarf coconut. The Local Moran's Index was used to evaluate the existence of spatial autocorrelation of the E. cyparissias infestation rate in the 157 blocks with neighboring blocks. The infestation rate was calculated by the ratio between the number of plants attacked by the borer and the total number of plants in a block. There is a significant correlation of the symptomatology of the attack by E. cyparissias in the blocks of the experimental area, which indicates an aggregated pattern of distribution. There is no significant correlation between the attack by the borer and the age of the coconut tree; however there is a significant correlation between the attack by the borer and proximity to forest areas. These results indicate that forest regions are foci of infestation by the borer in coconut plantations.
A broca-da-coroa-foliar Eupalamides cyparissias (Cramer, 1775) é um importante praga para as culturas do coqueiro (Cocos nucifera Linnaeus) e outras palmeiras (Areacaceae) de importância econômica, atacando a base de folhas, inflorescências e infrutescências acarretando o aumento do abortamento de frutos. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a distribuição espacial da taxa de plantas com sintomas de ataque por E. cyparissias das quadras de plantio de coqueiro na Amazônia brasileira, de janeiro a dezembro de 2019, no município de Santa Izabel, Pará, Brasil. A área de estudo é uma fazenda subdividida em 157 quadras de plantio comercial de coqueiro anão verde (C. nucifera). O Índice de Moran Local foi utilizado para avaliar a existência de autocorrelação espacial da variável sintomatologia do ataque de E. cyparissias das 157 quadras com as quadras vizinhas. Há correlação significativa da sintomatologia do ataque por E. cyparissias nas quadras da área experimental, o que indica um padrão de distribuição agregado. Não há correlação significativa entre o ataque pela broca e idade do coqueiro, no entanto há correlação significativa entre o ataque pela broca e proximidade a áreas de mata. Esses resultados indicam que regiões de floresta são focos de infestação pela broca em plantios de coqueiro.
Assuntos
Cocos/parasitologia , Ecossistema Tropical , Pragas da Agricultura , LepidópterosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The skin is a fundamental organ in the transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life. The newborn infant experiences physiological changes and often presents benign, transient skin characteristics that vary according to maternal, gestational, and neonatal factors. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the frequency of various dermatologic findings during the first 72hours of life and to identify their association with maternal, gestational, or neonatal factors. METHODS: Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study from April to July 2015 and July to November 2017 in the maternity ward of Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell. We examined the skin of neonates within 72hours of birth. Proportions and 95% CI were calculated for all findings. Associations between findings and factors were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 2811 neonates were included. We observed at least one neonatal skin finding in all of the neonates and found a median (interquartile range) of 8 (6-9) findings (minimum-maximum, 1-16). We observed 42 of the 46 possible characteristics we looked for; 99.9% of the findings were benign and transient. Among the findings were lanugo (98%; 95% CI, 97.7%-98.7%), physiological scaling (79.7%; 95% CI: 78.2%-81.1%), and sebaceous hyperplasia (73.3%; 95% CI: 71.6%-74.9%). Lanugo (P=.001), physiological scaling (P<.001), and erythema toxicum (P=.001) were observed significantly more often in full- and late-term neonates. Sebaceous hyperplasia (P=.001) and transient hyperpigmentation (P<.001) were found more often in newborn males. Erythema toxicum was more common after vaginal births (P=.008). Transient hyperpigmentation (P<.001) and dermal melanocytosis (P<.001) were seen more often in neonates of African descent. CONCLUSIONS: All neonates have skin characteristics that are part of their adaptation to extrauterine life. Most are benign and transient. Maternal age, type of delivery, and certain neonatal factors such as gestational age, birth weight, sex, and ethnicity are associated with specific findings.
Assuntos
Eritema , Causalidade , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Gravidez , Prevalência , Uruguai/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the carcass and meat of goats fed diets containing cactus meal (pectin source) replacing corn (starch source). Twenty-eight goats with an average initial weight of 16 ± 2.02 kg were confined in a completely randomized design with four treatments (the replacement levels of 0, 330, 660, and 1000 g kg-1 of dry matter) and seven replicates. The productive performance of the animals was not affected by the replacement of corn by cactus meal. The carcass commercial yield and the dressing percentage decreased with the addition of cactus meal levels in the diets. The commercial cuts, however, especially prime cuts like hind limbs and loin, were not changed by the use of cactus meal. Muscle:bone and fat:bone ratios and muscularity index of hind limbs were influenced by the substitution. The protein and ash contents of the longissimus lumborum muscle decreased while cholesterol levels increased with the presence of cactus meal. Sensory traits of goats' meat fed cactus meal in the diets were not affected. The substitution of corn for cactus meal reduced carcass yield but did not change the yield of commercial cuts or the qualitative characteristics of the meat.
Assuntos
Dieta/veterinária , Cabras/fisiologia , Carne/análise , Opuntia/química , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Composição Corporal , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Zea mays/químicaRESUMO
Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) is widely used in popular medicine. However, further toxicological studies are necessary for its reliable use. The present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects of ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of J. gossypiifolia, using the test system Allium cepa. In addition, the phytochemical profile of the extracts was also obtained. Seeds of A. cepa were subjected to different concentrations of the two extracts (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/mL). Distilled water was used for the negative control and methyl methanesulfonate (4 x 10(-4) M) and trifluralin (0.84 ppm) for the positive controls. The values of mitotic index at all concentrations of ethanolic extract and at 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/mL aqueous extract showed a significant decrease. Alterations, such as chromosome adherence, C-metaphases, chromosome bridges, nuclear buds, and micronuclei were verified in both extracts but chromosome loss indicating genotoxic activity was observed only in the ethanolic extract. Presence of micronuclei on administration of the extracts, also indicated mutagenic action at the chromosome level. In the ethanolic extract, aneugenicity seemed to be the main activity, probably as a result of the action of terpenes and/or flavonoids, whereas in the aqueous extract, clastogenic action appeared to be the principal activity, presumably as a consequence of the effect of flavonoids and/or saponins. Thus, we suggest that the extracts of this species should be used with great caution for medicinal purpose.
Assuntos
Aberrações Cromossômicas/induzido quimicamente , Jatropha/efeitos adversos , Cebolas/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Folhas de Planta/química , Flavonoides , Jatropha/química , Jatropha/toxicidade , Índice Mitótico , Cebolas/genética , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Saponinas , Sementes/efeitos dos fármacos , Sementes/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AIMS: Stem cells derived from human adipose tissue (ASC) have the capacity for renewal, are easily obtained and have plasticity properties that allow them to differentiate into several cell types, including osteoblast cells. With the aim of understanding the issue of the osteogenic process and finding reliable biomarkers in cells undergoing the osteogeneic differentiation process, this work took advantage of a proteomic approach to identify proteins involved in osteogenesis. METHODS: For this purpose, ASC were analyzed under three conditions: S0, in the absence of stimulation; S1, with 2 weeks of osteogenic medium stimulation; and S2, with 4 weeks of osteogenic medium stimulation. The identification of ASC was carried out by flow cytometry using antibodies specific to known undifferentiated stem cell-surface markers. Cell viability, enzymatic activity, mineral deposition, collagen structure and production and gene analyzes were evaluated for each condition. RESULTS: Phenotypic modifications were observed during the in vitro osteogenic differentiation process by two-dimensional (2-D) differential image gel electrophoresis (DIGE). The proteins were identified by mass espectrometry in tandem (MS/MS) analyzes using Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization with TOF/TOF is a tandem mass spectrometry method where two time-of-flight mass spectrometers are used consecutively (MALDI-TOF/TOF). A total of 51 differentially expressed proteins was identified when comparing the three observed conditions. Sixteen different spots were identified in the S0 stage compared with S2, while 28 different spots were found in S2 compared with S0. S1 expressed seven different spots compared with S0 and S2. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest the involvement of several proteins directly related to the osteogenic pathway, which can be used to improve understanding of the osteogenic process.