RESUMO
Seasonal variations and production factors can influence the quality of grapes. Considering the Sub-middle region of the São Francisco Valley, Brazil, differentiated by production in rainy and warmer periods of the year, the climatic conditions in each season affect the duration of the phenological phases and quality of the grapes. The objective of this study was to characterize the changes in the quality components during maturation of 'BRS Magna' grapes on different rootstocks, in rainy seasons under tropical conditions, as a support to define the harvest time. The experiment was conducted in Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil, from Jan to Apr 2017 (cycle 1) and Dec 2017 to Apr 2018 (cycle 2) evaluating rootstocks and age of the fruits. Bunches were picked from the start of maturation to the harvest: 49, 56, 61, 64 and 68 days after fruit set (DAF) for cycle 1, and 35, 41, 48, 55, 61, and 66 DAF for cycle 2. In cycle 1 'IAC 572' and 'Paulsen 1103' rootstocks provided higher sugar contents in grapes, which was only repeated in cycle 2 for 'Paulsen 1103'. The accumulation of anthocyanins and yellow flavonoids was favored by 'IAC 313' and 'IAC 572' rootstocks in cycle 1, and by 'IAC 313' and 'IAC 766' in cycle 2. A higher content of polyphenols was conferred on 'IAC 572' in cycle 1 and on 'IAC 766' in cycle 2, which also had a greater antioxidant capacity. Although there were differences between rootstocks, harvesting at approximately 64 DAF maximized grape quality for all treatments.(AU)
Assuntos
Transplantes , Vitis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Estações do Ano , Brasil , Estação Chuvosa , Frutas/fisiologiaRESUMO
Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as características físicas e físico-químicas de limão Galego (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) em diferentes estádios de maturação, oriundos de propriedades de agricultura familiar do município de Matinhas, PB. Para as avaliações físicas foram considerados, o comprimento e diâmetro do fruto; a massa fresca do fruto e rendimento de suco; já para as avaliações físico-químicas a polpa dos frutos foi submetida às determinações do pH; sólidos solúveis (SS); acidez titulável (AT); relação sólidos solúveis/acidez titulável (SS/AT) e ácido ascórbico. Houve diferença significativa entre os estádios de maturação para as variáveis diâmetro, massa fresca e rendimento de suco, acidez titulável e ácido ascórbico. Os frutos de limão apresentaram incremento no diâmetro e rendimento de polpa, redução da acidez titulável e do ácido ascórbico, já o pH, os sólidos solúveis e a relação SS/AT não variaram com o avanço da maturação. Com base nos aspectos de qualidade avaliados, o limão galego de Matinhas, PB, Brasil apresenta qualidade satisfatória para o mercado.(AU)
The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical and physicochemical characteristics of lemon Galego (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) in different maturation stages, from family farms in Matinhas, PB, Brazil. For the physical evaluations were considered, the length and diameter of the fruit; fresh fruit mass and juice yield; already for the physical-chemical evaluations of the pulp of the fruits was submitted to the determinations of the pH; soluble solids (SS); titratable acidity (TA); soluble solids /titratable acidity ratio (SS/AT) and ascorbic acid. There was a significant difference between the maturation stages for the variables diameter, fresh mass and juice yield, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid. Lemon fruits presented increase in pulp diameter and yield, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid reduction. pH, soluble solids and SS/AT ratio did not vary with the advancement of maturation. Based on the aspects of quality evaluated, the lemon Galego from Matinhas, PB, Brazil presents satisfactory quality for the market.(AU)
RESUMO
Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as características físicas e físico-químicas de limão Galego (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) em diferentes estádios de maturação, oriundos de propriedades de agricultura familiar do município de Matinhas, PB. Para as avaliações físicas foram considerados, o comprimento e diâmetro do fruto; a massa fresca do fruto e rendimento de suco; já para as avaliações físico-químicas a polpa dos frutos foi submetida às determinações do pH; sólidos solúveis (SS); acidez titulável (AT); relação sólidos solúveis/acidez titulável (SS/AT) e ácido ascórbico. Houve diferença significativa entre os estádios de maturação para as variáveis diâmetro, massa fresca e rendimento de suco, acidez titulável e ácido ascórbico. Os frutos de limão apresentaram incremento no diâmetro e rendimento de polpa, redução da acidez titulável e do ácido ascórbico, já o pH, os sólidos solúveis e a relação SS/AT não variaram com o avanço da maturação. Com base nos aspectos de qualidade avaliados, o limão galego de Matinhas, PB, Brasil apresenta qualidade satisfatória para o mercado.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical and physicochemical characteristics of lemon Galego (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) in different maturation stages, from family farms in Matinhas, PB, Brazil. For the physical evaluations were considered, the length and diameter of the fruit; fresh fruit mass and juice yield; already for the physical-chemical evaluations of the pulp of the fruits was submitted to the determinations of the pH; soluble solids (SS); titratable acidity (TA); soluble solids /titratable acidity ratio (SS/AT) and ascorbic acid. There was a significant difference between the maturation stages for the variables diameter, fresh mass and juice yield, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid. Lemon fruits presented increase in pulp diameter and yield, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid reduction. pH, soluble solids and SS/AT ratio did not vary with the advancement of maturation. Based on the aspects of quality evaluated, the lemon Galego from Matinhas, PB, Brazil presents satisfactory quality for the market.