RESUMO
Capsiate (CAP) is a nonpungent capsaicin analog (Capsicum annuum L. extract) that has been studied as a potential antiobesity agent. However, the interaction between chronic CAP supplementation and resistance training is not clear. The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in adipose tissue-derived hormones, body composition, appetite, and muscle strength after 10 weeks of resistance training, combined with chronic CAP supplementation in healthy untrained men. We hypothesized that CAP could induce higher benefits when combined with resistance training after 10 weeks of intervention compared to resistance training alone. Twenty-four young men (age, 22.0 ± 2.9) were randomized to either capsiate supplementation (CAP = 12 mg/day) or placebo (PL), and both groups were assigned to resistance training. Body composition, leptin and adiponectin concentrations, subjective ratings of appetite, energy intake, and exercise performance were assessed at before and after 10 weeks of progressive resistance training. There was a significant increase in body mass (P < .001), fat-free mass (CAP: 58.0 ± 7.1 vs. post, 59.7 ± 7.1 kg; PL: pre, 58.4 ± 7.3 vs. post, 59.8 ± 7.1 kg; P < .001), resting metabolic rate (CAP: pre, 1782.9 ± 160.6 vs. post, 1796.3 ± 162.0 kcal; PL: pre, 1733.0 ± 148.9 vs. post, 1750.5 ± 149.8 kcal; P < .001), maximal strength at 45 leg press (P < .001) and bench press (P < .001) in both groups, but no significant (P > .05) supplementation by training period interaction nor fat mass was observed. For subjective ratings of appetite, energy intake, leptin, and adiponectin, no significant effect of supplementation by training period interaction was observed (P > .05). In conclusion, 10 weeks of resistance training increased total body weight, muscle mass, and maximum strength in healthy untrained men; however, CAP supplementation (12 mg, 7 days per week) failed to change adipose tissue-derived hormones, appetite, body composition and muscle strength in this population. Registered under Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-8cz9kfq).
Assuntos
Capsaicina/análogos & derivados , Capsicum , Treinamento Resistido , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Leptina/metabolismo , Suplementos Nutricionais , Apetite , Adiponectina , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Composição Corporal , Força Muscular , Método Duplo-Cego , Cânfora/metabolismo , Cânfora/farmacologia , Mentol/metabolismo , Mentol/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Músculo EsqueléticoRESUMO
Oxidative stress plays a central role in the pathophysiology of melanoma. Curcumin (CUR) is a polyphenolic phytochemical that stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, while disulfiram (DSS) is a US FDA-approved drug for the treatment of alcoholism that can act by inhibiting the intracellular antioxidant system. Therefore, we hypothesized that they act synergistically against melanoma cells. Herein, we aimed to study the antitumor potential of the combination of CUR with DSS in B16-F10 melanoma cells using in vitro and in vivo models. The cytotoxic effects of different combination ratios of CUR and DSS were evaluated using the Alamar Blue method, allowing the production of isobolograms. Apoptosis detection, DNA fragmentation, cell cycle distribution, and mitochondrial superoxide levels were quantified by flow cytometry. Tumor development in vivo was evaluated using C57BL/6 mice bearing B16-F10 cells. The combinations ratios of 1:2, 1:3, and 2:3 showed synergic effects. B16-F10 cells treated with these combinations showed improved apoptotic cell death and DNA fragmentation. Enhanced mitochondrial superoxide levels were observed at combination ratios of 1:2 and 1:3, indicating increased oxidative stress. In vivo tumor growth inhibition for CUR (20 mg/kg), DSS (60 mg/kg), and their combination were 17.0%, 19.8%, and 28.8%, respectively. This study provided data on the potential cytotoxic activity of the combination of CUR with DSS and may provide a useful tool for the development of a therapeutic combination against melanoma.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Curcumina , Melanoma Experimental , Camundongos , Animais , Curcumina/farmacologia , Curcumina/uso terapêutico , Dissulfiram/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Superóxidos/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Melanoma Experimental/metabolismo , Apoptose , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Estresse OxidativoRESUMO
ABSTRACT: Neto, SLdA, Herrera, JJB, Rosa, TS, de Almeida, SS, Silva, GCB, Ferreira, CES, dos Santos, MAP, Silvino, VO, de Melo, GF. Interaction between ACTN3 (R577X), ACE (I/D), and BDKRB2 (-9/+9) polymorphisms and endurance phenotypes in Brazilian long-distance swimmers. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1591-1595, 2022-This study investigated the interactions between the polymorphisms ACTN3 (R577X), ACE (I/D), and BDKRB2 (-9/+9) and their association with endurance phenotypes in Brazilian long-distance swimmers. Twenty-six volunteers (aged 18-30 years) were divided into 2 groups as follows: 19 subelite athletes formed the pool swimming experts (PSE: 400-1500 m) group and 7 elite athletes the open water swimming experts (OWSE: 5-25 km) group. ACTN3 (R577X), ACE (I/D), and BDKRB2 (-9/+9) polymorphisms were genotyped through polymerase chain reaction. A nonathletes control (CON) group derived from studies with the Brazilian population was created. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (X2) was observed in all groups. The total genotype score (TGS) associated with endurance phenotypes was used in this study. A significance level was established at p ≤ 0.05. PSE and CON groups had very similar genotyping distribution. The OWSE group had a greater frequency for the genotypes XX (57.1%), ID (57.1%), and the alleles X (71.4%) and I (57.2%) than CON and PSE groups (XX = 21.1 and 21.1%; ID = 47.1 and 52.6% [p > 0.05]; X = 44.0 and 42.1%; I = 45.3 and 42.1%, respectively). Considering BDKRB2, OWSE and PSE groups had a greater frequency of +9/+9 than the CON group (42.9% and 31.6 vs. 27.5%, respectively). Although the expected genotypic distribution was not verified among athletes, the TGS revealed small supremacy of 3-5 typical alleles in the OWSE group (54.8 ± 26.7%) compared with the PSE group (41.2 ± 17.8%) (p = 0.072; confidence interval = 95%; effect size = 0.95). The OWSE group seem to have benefited from the best genotype profile verified for ACTN3 and ACE. However, the results of this work should be approached with caution because of the small number of athletes and polymorphisms assessed.
Assuntos
Actinina , Peptidil Dipeptidase A , Actinina/genética , Brasil , Genótipo , Humanos , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/genética , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo GenéticoRESUMO
ABSTRACT: Santiago, LCS, Lyra, MJ, Germano-Soares, AH, Lins-Filho, OL, Queiroz, DR, Prazeres, TMP, Mello, MT, Pedrosa, RP, Falcão, APST, and Santos, MAM. Effects of strength training on sleep parameters of adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1222-1227, 2022-This study aimed to examine the effects of 12 weeks of strength training (ST) on sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in adolescents with sleep complaints. Thirty adolescents were randomly assigned to 2 groups: ST group (ST, n = 18) and control group (CG, n = 12). Anthropometric, body composition, one-repetition maximum test, and sleep parameters (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI] and Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS]) were evaluated. Training consisted of 55 min·d-1 (3 times a week, for 12 weeks), 3 sets of 10-12 repetitions with a 1-minute rest interval between sets and exercises. Baseline and postintervention differences were analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equations and the effect size (ES) with Cohen's d coefficient. Significance was set at (p < 0.05). After 12 weeks of ST, a significant decrease in the PSQI score (7.3 ± 0.7 vs. 5.1 ± 0.6; ES = 4.10) was observed in the ST group, but not in the CG (6.3 ± 0.8 vs. 7.4 ± 0.7; ES = 1.53). A significant decrease in ESS score was found in the ST group (10.1 ± 0.7 vs. 8.2 ± 0.7; ES = 3.08), without differences in the CG (10.7 ± 0.8 vs. 11.0 ± 0.7; ES = 0.56). The ST group presented increased total sleep duration (h·min-1) (6.2 ± 0.2 vs. 6.9 ± 0.2; ES = 3.60), but not the CG (7.0 ± 0.2 vs. 6.8 ± 0.1; ES = 1.32). Individual analyses showed ≈67% of adolescents experienced a reduction in PSQI (8.3; confidence interval [CI] 95% 6.8-10.1) and ESS (8.3; CI 95% 6.7-9.9) scores after ST, whereas only ≈17% of control subjects presented reduced scores (PSQI [11.1; CI 95% 9.5-12.9] and ESS [11.0; CI 95% 9.4-12.6]). Strength training improved sleep quality and increased total sleep duration.
Assuntos
Treinamento Resistido , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília , Adolescente , Composição Corporal , Exercício Físico , Humanos , SonoRESUMO
ABSTRACT: Corrêa, HdL, Deus, LA, Neves, RVP, Reis, AL, de Freitas, GS, de Araújo, TB, da Silva Barbosa, JM, Prestes, J, Simões, HG, Amorim, CE, dos Santos, MAP, Haro, A, de Melo, GF, Gadelha, AB, Neto, LS, and Rosa, TdS. Influence of angiotensin converting enzyme I/D polymorphism on hemodynamic and antioxidant response to long-term intradialytic resistance training in patients with chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2902-2909, 2021-The aim of the study was to verify the influence of Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D genotype on blood pressure, muscle mass, and redox balance response to long-term resistance training (RT) in end-stage renal disease patients. Three hundred and twenty subjects were randomized into 4 groups: II + ID control (II + ID CTL, n = 80), II + ID RT (II + ID RT, n = 79), DD control (DD CTL n = 83), and DD RT (DD RT, n = 78). The RT lasted 24 weeks with a frequency of 3 times per week, on alternative days. Each section consisted of 3 sets of 8-12 repetitions in 11 exercises, with training loads at 6 point (somewhat hard) to 8 point (hard) based on OMNI-RES scale and was prescribed during dialysis (intradialytic). Statistical significance was accepted with p < 0.05. The most relevant benefits in blood pressure were found for DD homozygotes (p < 0.0001), whereas allele I carriers displayed a higher increase in muscle mass (p < 0.0001). Hemodialysis clinics that already use RT for their patients could include the genotyping of ACE to identify the predisposal of the patients to respond to RT and to counteract kidney disease-related comorbidities.
Assuntos
Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Treinamento Resistido , Antioxidantes , Genótipo , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/genética , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/genética , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chagas Disease (CD) affects 6-7 million people worldwide and is related to poverty-promoting conditions. Chronic asymptomatic cases are mostly invisible to health systems. Aiming (1) to translate CD discoveries into education/information practices to raise alertness and empowerment of affected people; and (2) to perform an active search of CD cases, articulating intersectoral actions to improve the access of infected people to the local health service for the treatment of CD; our research group developed and tested under field conditions as innovative social technology: an itinerant education interdisciplinary setting named "Chagas Express XXI" (CE21). METHODOLOGY: CE21 was created as an "imaginary train" with ~40 ArtScience workshops, games, laboratory activities and conversation circles. An entry/exit plus six activity modules combined associations of affected people, microscopic observations, One Health education, and wellness activities. CE21 was conceived as a social technology, since all the processes were co-created with CD patients and inter-sector local partners. Descriptive statistics showed quantitative data collected throughout the expeditions (CD knowledge, serological results). Qualitative data accessed the public perceptions about the education activities. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: CE21 was exhibited in local educational institutions (schools, universities) in four cities, engaging 2,117 people that evaluated the 41 activities carried out. Citizens and health professionals enjoyed acquisition of information related to blood, parasites, vectors, reservoirs, environmental changes, and social determinants of CD. Further, local legacies of 600 participants volunteer for health promotion groups and CD associations, local empowerment groups to fight for better health conditions, and 05 mural paintings. We observed that 81% of the participants ignored the possibility of treating CD while 52% of the participants requested a blood test for CD showing seropositivity in 20% of them. CONCLUSIONS: CE21 is a social technology potentially useful for health and science education and active search of asymptomatic CD chronic cases. Moreover, this technology may be adapted to understand and to cooperate in other potentially epidemic situations, especially NTDs related.
Assuntos
Doença de Chagas/epidemiologia , Educação em Saúde , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Ciência/educação , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tecnologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Flight dispersal represents a key aspect of the evolutionary and ecological success of insects, allowing escape from predators, mating, and colonization of new niches. The huge energy demand posed by flight activity is essentially met by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in flight muscle mitochondria. In insects, mitochondrial ATP supply and oxidant production are regulated by several factors, including the energy demand exerted by changes in adenylate balance. Indeed, adenylate directly regulates OXPHOS by targeting both chemiosmotic ATP production and the activities of specific mitochondrial enzymes. In several organisms, cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is regulated at transcriptional, post-translational, and allosteric levels, impacting mitochondrial energy metabolism, and redox balance. This review will present the concepts on how COX function contributes to flying insect biology, focusing on the existing examples in the literature where its structure and activity are regulated not only by physiological and environmental factors but also how changes in its activity impacts insect biology. We also performed in silico sequence analyses and determined the structure models of three COX subunits (IV, VIa, and VIc) from different insect species to compare with mammalian orthologs. We observed that the sequences and structure models of COXIV, COXVIa, and COXVIc were quite similar to their mammalian counterparts. Remarkably, specific substitutions to phosphomimetic amino acids at critical phosphorylation sites emerge as hallmarks on insect COX sequences, suggesting a new regulatory mechanism of COX activity. Therefore, by providing a physiological and bioenergetic framework of COX regulation in such metabolically extreme models, we hope to expand the knowledge of this critical enzyme complex and the potential consequences for insect dispersal.
Assuntos
Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/metabolismo , Animais , Insetos , Oxirredução , Fosforilação OxidativaRESUMO
The purpose of the current article was to use allometric models to identify the best body size descriptors and other anthropometric variables, body composition, and offset maturity that might be associated with the youngsters' 50m personal-best (PB) swim speeds (m·s-1). Eighty-five competitive swimmers (male, n=50; 13.5±1.8 y; female, n=35; 12.6±1.8 y) participated in this study. Height, body mass, sitting height, arm span, skinfolds, arm muscle area (AMA), and maturity offset were assessed. Swimming performance was taken as the PB time recorded in competition, and the propulsive force of their arm (PFA) was assessed by the tied swimming test. The multiplicative allometric model relating 50m PB swim speeds (m·s-1) to all the predictor variables found percentage body fat as a negative [(BF%) ß= -.121±.036; P=0.001], and PFA (PFA ß=.108±.033; P=0.001) and the girl's arm span (ß=.850±.301; P=0.006), all log-transformed, as positive significant predictors of log-transformed swim speed. The adjusted coefficient of determination, Radj2 was 54.8% with the log-transformed error ratio being 0.094 or 9.8%, having taken antilogs. The study revealed, using an allometric approach, that body fatness and PFA were significant contributors to 50m freestyle swim performance in young swimmers.
Assuntos
Desenvolvimento do Adolescente/fisiologia , Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Tamanho Corporal/fisiologia , Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia , Natação/fisiologia , Adolescente , Antropometria , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Envenoming, resulting from snake bites, is a global public health problem. The present study was undertaken to investigate the influence of Crotalus durissus cascavella (Cdcas) venom on cardiac activity and the mechanisms of action underlying its effect. To investigate the inotropic and chronotropic effects induced by Cdcas, studies were performed on the left and right atria. A series of tests were conducted to investigate whether the negative inotropic effect, induced by Cdcas, was related to cardiac damage. Cdcas venom (0.1-30 µg/mL) elicited a significant negative inotropic effect. The addition of Cdcas crude venom (7.5, 15 and 30 µg/mL) did not induce significant alterations in cell proliferation, nor in the enzymatic activity of total-CK and CKMB. Ultrastructural evaluation demonstrated that cardiac cells from isoproterenol and Cdcas groups revealed discreet swelling and displaced intermyofibrillar mitochondria with disorganization of the cristae. No change was observed in cardiac electrical activity in perfused isolated rat hearts with Cdcas. In addition, Cdcas reduced contractility in isolated cardiomyocytes from the rat left ventricle. The negative inotropic effect of Cdcas was reduced by l-NAME (100 µM), PTIO (100 µM), ODQ (10 µM) and KT5823 (1 µM), suggesting the participation of NO/cGMP/PKG pathway due to Cdcas. In non-anesthetized rats, Cdcas induced hypotension followed by bradycardia, the latter was also observed by ECG (anesthetized animals). Our results suggest that the negative inotropic effect induced by Cdcas venom is unrelated to cardiac toxicity, at least, at the concentrations tested; and occurs through of NO/cGMP/PKG pathway, likely leading to hypotension and bradycardia when administered in vivo.
Assuntos
Venenos de Crotalídeos/toxicidade , Crotalus , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Pressão Arterial/efeitos dos fármacos , Cardiotônicos/toxicidade , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Creatina Quinase/efeitos dos fármacos , Creatina Quinase/metabolismo , Venenos de Crotalídeos/antagonistas & inibidores , Venenos de Crotalídeos/química , Átrios do Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Ventrículos do Coração/citologia , Ventrículos do Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Mitocôndrias Cardíacas/efeitos dos fármacos , Contração Miocárdica/efeitos dos fármacos , Miocárdio/enzimologia , Miocárdio/patologia , Miocárdio/ultraestrutura , Miócitos Cardíacos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Mordeduras de SerpentesRESUMO
Resumen: Objetivo: Describir el proceso de construcción y validación del instrumento educación, el cual tiene un diseño posintervención, para la promoción de la salud y vigilancia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) en comunidades quilombolas brasileñas. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio metodológico para validar un instrumento, que mezcla investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa, realizado en las comunidades quilombolas en el municipio de Capela/Sergipe, Brasil. Como primera etapa de la construcción del instrumento, se identificó el perfil social y clínico, al mismo tiempo que se ejecutaron las acciones de educación sanitaria sobre la prevención de enfermedades y estilos de vida saludables. Esto tenía el fin de identificar los déficits de información, fragancias y potencialidades en el entorno de las quilombolas. Para la validación del instrumento educativo, se calculó el índice de validez del contenido. Resultados: El índice de validez del contenido se obtuvo en el orden de 0.94. Las quilombolas presentan varias debilidades para el desarrollo de la ECNT, pero las potencialidades pueden fortalecerse y trabajarse en las oportunidades, destacando la importancia de las estrategias educativas para la prevención de problemas de salud. Conclusión: El proceso de validación mostró que el folleto se consideraba válido para la educación y la salud en las comunidades quilombolas, porque es atractivo, confiable y fácil de entender para este grupo de población. Se concluye que el objetivo propuesto se logró, ya que el folleto educativo titulado "Aprenda cómo cuidar su salud" fue validado para el diseño y el contenido con especialistas y la facilidad de comprensión con los líderes de las comunidades quilombolas.
Abstract: Objective: To describe the process of construction and validation of an educational instrument, with a post-intervention design, for health promotion and surveillance of non-communicable chronic diseases (CNCDS) in Brazilian Quilombola communities. Methodology: This is a methodological study to validate an instrument with a mixed study of quantitative and qualitative research, carried out in Quilombolas communities in the municipality of Capela/Sergipe, state Brazil. As the first stage of the construction of the educational instrument, the social and clinical profile was identified, concomitantly with health education actions on the prevention of healthy diseases and lifestyles, in order to identify the information deficits, Fragilities and potentialities in the Quilombola environment. For the validation of the educational instrument, the content validity index was calculated. Results: The content validity index was obtained in the order of 0.94. The Quilombolas present several weaknesses for the development of CNCDS, however the potentialities can be strengthened and the opportunities worked, highlighting the importance of educational strategies for the prevention of health problems. Conclusion: The validation process showed that the booklet was considered valid for education and health in Quilombola communities, because it is attractive, reliable and easy to understand for this population group. It is concluded that the proposed objective was achieved, the educational booklet titled "Learn how to care for your health" was validated for layout and content with specialists, and the ease of understanding with community leaders Quilombolas.