RESUMO
CA 15.3, a new tumor marker, is a glycoprotein antigen produced in greater amounts by breast tumor cells. It can be quantitatively detected, circulating in human serum or plasma, using an immunoradiometric assay with monoclonal antibodies. In order to evaluate the usefulness of the method and to determine the cut-off for metastatic disease, the CA 15.3 levels were determined in 78 patients (5 patients with breast fibroadenoma and 73 patients with breast cancer). The conclusions of the study are that the CA 15.3 is a useful parameter in the management of patients in different stages of the disease: levels above 36 U/ml are suggestive of metastasis, and above 86 U/ml are indicative of them. On the other hand, CA 15.3 does not seem to be helpful in the pre-operative differential diagnosis of breast lumps.
Assuntos
Antígenos Glicosídicos Associados a Tumores/sangue , Neoplasias da Mama/imunologia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/imunologia , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/secundário , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Descreveu-se a acao fungicida do hipoclorito de sodio (0,3; 1; 2,5; 5 e 10 por cento); do formaldeido (em solucao aquosa a 2,5 e 10 por cento); e alcool etilico a 70,0 por cento sobre formas leveduriformes de 2 cepas de Paraccoccidioides brasiliensis: Pb 18 e cepa Goiana, recentemente isolada. A incubacao do fungo e desinfetantes foi realizada a temperatura ambiente por periodos de 1, 2, 24, 48 e 72 horas. A viabilidade foi avaliada pelo tratamento com diacetato de fluoresceina-brometo de etideo; pela cultura em meios solidos e liquidos a 36 graus Celsius e 26 graus Celsius; transformacao de levedura em micelio a temperatura ambiente; e estudo radiometrico da atividade metabolica. Todas as concentracoes de todos os desinfetantes estudados foram capazes de inativar ambas as cepas, exceto na incubacao com formaldeido a 2 por cento por 1 hora, em que o tratamento por diacetato de fluoresceina-brometo de etideo revelou 40 por cento e 27 por cento de celulas viaveis, respectivamente, para a cepa Pb 18 e Goiana. A transformacao de levedura em micelio foi considerada um metodo rapido, com resultados semelhantes ao cultivo em meios solidos e liquidos.
Assuntos
Desinfetantes/farmacologia , Paracoccidioides/efeitos dos fármacos , Etanol/farmacologia , Formaldeído/farmacologia , Microscopia Eletrônica , Paracoccidioides/ultraestrutura , Hipoclorito de Sódio/farmacologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The fungicidal action of sodium hypochlorite (0.3, 1, 2.5, 5 and 10%); formaldehyde (2, 5, and 10%); and ethyl alcohol (70%) on yeast forms of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Pb 18 and a newly-isolated Goiana strain was described. Contact between the fungus and the disinfectants was maintained for 1, 2, 24, 48 and 72 hours at room temperature. Viability was evaluated by the fluorescein diacetate-ethidium bromide treatment, culture in solid and liquid media (36 degrees C and 26 degrees C); yeast to mycelial germination at room temperature; and radiometric study of metabolic activity. All concentrations of disinfectants were found to be effective in inactivating Pb 18 and Goiana strains, except for the 1-hour contact with 2% formaldehyde, in which fluorescein diacetate-ethidium bromide treatment was found to reveal 40 and 27% of viable cells, respectively. The yeast to mycelial germination method was considered to reveal faster and similar results as compared to culture in solid and liquid media.
Assuntos
Etanol/farmacologia , Formaldeído/farmacologia , Paracoccidioides/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipoclorito de Sódio/farmacologia , Microscopia Eletrônica , Paracoccidioides/ultraestrutura , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The present study describes a method for labeling Salmonella typhymurium with iodine-131 to evaluate both the morphological and the functional characteristics of the reticulo-endothelial system. A suspension containing 2 x 10(9) bacteria per ml was labeled with carrier-free Na131I without reductor, with a labeling yield of 46.5 +/- 3% and 3.5 +/- 1.3% of free Iodine-131. The biodistribution of the labeled bacteria in rats was studied with a large-field-of-view scintillation camera equiped with a pinhole collimator. Whole body images were obtained 15 and 30 minutes after intravenous injection of the labeled microorganisms. Images showed accumulation of bacteria in the liver and both normal and transplanted spleens of the animals. Autoradiographs of liver and spleen demonstrated labeled bacteria within the cells of the reticulo-endothelial system. The method described is easy to perform, has a good labeling yield and allows the functional evaluation of the reticulo-monophagocytic system, including transplanted spleens.