RESUMO
UNLABELLED: In Medical Education, feedback is an instrument that informs the trainees about their learning process and how to make the necessary changes. Feedback enables learners to monitor their progress and provides direction for improvement. Effective feedback is useful to improve the performance, clinical skills, communication skills, and treatment of patients. It is essential when teaching clinical interview skills to psychiatry residents. Feedback necessarily involves social interaction between teachers and trainees. AIM: To analyze the perception of psychiatry residents about social interaction during the feedback received during their training. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Qualitative study, using the Grounded theory method. Nine interviews were performed to adult psychiatry residents of the University of Concepción and one to a recently graduated psychiatrist. Data were analyzed using open coding. RESULTS: We found four emerging categories: Socialization, roles and hierarchy, invitation to integration and teacher involvement. CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of feedback lies in the establishment of a minimal teacher-resident social relationship, in which feedback occurs naturally.
Assuntos
Educação Médica , Retroalimentação , Internato e Residência , Relações Interpessoais , Psiquiatria , Adulto , HumanosRESUMO
In Medical Education, feedback is an instrument that informs the trainees about their learning process and how to make the necessary changes. Feedback enables learners to monitor their progress and provides direction for improvement. Effective feedback is useful to improve the performance, clinical skills, communication skills, and treatment of patients. It is essential when teaching clinical interview skills to psychiatry residents. Feedback necessarily involves social interaction between teachers and trainees. Aim: To analyze the perception of psychiatry residents about social interaction during the feedback received during their training. Material and Methods: Qualitative study, using the Grounded theory method. Nine interviews were performed to adult psychiatry residents of the University of Concepción and one to a recently graduated psychiatrist. Data were analyzed using open coding. Results: We found four emerging categories: Socialization, roles and hierarchy, invitation to integration and teacher involvement. Conclusions: The effectiveness of feedback lies in the establishment of a minimal teacher-resident social relationship, in which feedback occurs naturally.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Psiquiatria , Educação Médica , Retroalimentação , Internato e Residência , Relações InterpessoaisRESUMO
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) has great clinical relevance due to both, the impairment it causes and co-morbidity. The standard treatment is cognitive behavioral therapy, through exposure and cognitive restructuring, and additionally the use of psychotropic drugs. However, it is necessary to broaden the conceptualization and psychotherapeutic approach, adding a narrative approach through constructivist and constructionist perspectives. From this standpoint, there are contexts of invalidation and resignation processes. Therefore, the TAS is multidimensional and has two polarities, a constitutive and an operative, that guide therapy. This model increases the understanding and reflection regarding the phenomenon and make possible new options for intervention.
El trastorno por ansiedad social (TAS) presenta una gran relevancia clínica debido al menoscabo que genera y a la co-morbilidad asociada. El tratamiento estándar consiste en la terapia cognitivo-conductual, mediante exposición y reestructuración cognitiva, más el uso de psicofármacos. No obstante, se hace necesario ampliar la conceptualización y abordaje psicoterapéutico, por lo cual las visiones constructivistas y construccionistas agregan una mirada narrativa. Desde lo narrativo, hay contextos de invalidación y procesos de renuncia. Por lo tanto, el TAS es multidimensional y posee dos polaridades que orientan la terapia; una constitutiva y una operativa. Esta conceptualización amplía la comprensión y reflexión sobre el fenómeno y permite nuevas opciones de intervención.
Assuntos
Ansiedade , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental , Narração , Fobia SocialRESUMO
The evidence in psychotherapy out come research points to the importance of the common factors in therapeutic change, which depend largely on patient participation. Models of post-structuralist orientation in systemic psychotherapy promote direct and explicitly change/common factors, as the therapeutic alliance, expectatives and extra-therapeutic factors, allowing the accommodation, relevant instance giving the consultant a decisive role for therapeutic change. The poststructuralist models are good instances formational, especially for the acquisition of skill stomobilize change factors.
La evidencia en investigación de resultados en psicoterapia señala la relevancia de los factores comunes en el cambio terapéutico, los cuales dependen en buena medida de la participación y protagonismo del paciente. Los modelos de orientación post-estructuralista en psicoterapia sistémica promueven de forma directa y explícita los factores de cambio/comunes, como la alianza terapéutica, las expectativas y los factores extra-terapéuticos, permitiendo la acomodación, instancia relevante que otorga al consultante un rol decisivo para el cambio terapéutico. Los modelos posestructuralistas son buenas instancias formativas, en especial para la adquisición de destrezas que movilicen factores de cambio.
Assuntos
Participação do Paciente , Psicoterapia , Aliança TerapêuticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate genetic etiologies of preterm birth (PTB) in Argentina through evaluation of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes and population genetic admixture. STUDY DESIGN: Genotyping was performed in 389 families. Maternal, paternal and fetal effects were studied separately. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was sequenced in 50 males and 50 females. Y-chromosome anthropological markers were evaluated in 50 males. RESULT: Fetal association with PTB was found in the progesterone receptor (PGR, rs1942836; P=0.004). Maternal association with PTB was found in small conductance calcium activated potassium channel isoform 3 (KCNN3, rs883319; P=0.01). Gestational age associated with PTB in PGR rs1942836 at 32-36 weeks (P=0.0004). MtDNA sequencing determined 88 individuals had Amerindian consistent haplogroups. Two individuals had Amerindian Y-chromosome consistent haplotypes. CONCLUSION: This study replicates single locus fetal associations with PTB in PGR, maternal association in KCNN3, and demonstrates possible effects for divergent racial admixture on PTB.
Assuntos
Canais de Potássio Cálcio-Ativados/genética , Nascimento Prematuro/genética , Receptores de Progesterona/genética , Argentina , DNA Mitocondrial , Feminino , Feto , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Indígenas Sul-Americanos/genética , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Polimorfismo Genético , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Isoformas de Proteínas , População Branca/genéticaRESUMO
This work describes the gametogenic cycle of the scallop Nodipecten nodosus kept in a culture system. To this end, during one year, samples were taken from the broodstocks every 30 days to be submitted to macroscopic and microscopic analyses and to measure the amount of astaxanthin. To perform the microscopic evaluation, 5 micro slices from the median portion of the female part of the gonad were submitted to the pattern methodology for histological analyses with paraffin and HE coloration. The remaining portion of the female gonad was lyophilised to extract and quantify the levels of astaxanthin using HPLC. The microscopic analyses revealed four well defined stages for the reproductive cycle. Analyses of data taken throughout the year indicated preferential spawning periods from December to January and from July to September. The astaxanthin analyses showed higher amounts of this carotenoid during the advanced pre-spawning and the initial spawning periods than during gametogenesis, initial pre-spawning, advanced spawning, and the spent stages. According to these results, it was possible to establish a descriptive table of the sexual stages of the female portion of the gonad and the amount of astaxanthin in the sexual stage of the scallop Nodipecten nodosus.
Assuntos
Gônadas/química , Pectinidae/fisiologia , Maturidade Sexual/fisiologia , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Feminino , Gônadas/anatomia & histologia , Gônadas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Pectinidae/anatomia & histologia , Pectinidae/química , Reprodução/fisiologia , Xantofilas/análiseRESUMO
This work describes the gametogenic cycle of the scallop Nodipecten nodosus kept in a culture system. To this end, during one year, samples were taken from the broodstocks every 30 days to be submitted to macroscopic and microscopic analyses and to measure the amount of astaxanthin. To perform the microscopic evaluation, 5 μ slices from the median portion of the female part of the gonad were submitted to the pattern methodology for histological analyses with paraffin and HE coloration. The remaining portion of the female gonad was lyophilised to extract and quantify the levels of astaxanthin using HPLC. The microscopic analyses revealed four well defined stages for the reproductive cycle. Analyses of data taken throughout the year indicated preferential spawning periods from December to January and from July to September. The astaxanthin analyses showed higher amounts of this carotenoid during the advanced pre-spawning and the initial spawning periods than during gametogenesis, initial pre-spawning, advanced spawning, and the spent stages. According to these results, it was possible to establish a descriptive table of the sexual stages of the female portion of the gonad and the amount of astaxanthin in the sexual stage of the scallop Nodipecten nodosus.(AU)
Este trabalho descreve o ciclo gametogênico da vieira Nodipecten nodosus mantida em ambiente de cultivo. Para isto, durante um ano, amostras de indivíduos reprodutores foram coletadas a cada 30 dias e submetidas à avaliação macroscópica e microscópica e à quantificação de astaxantina. Para a avaliação microscópica, secções de 5 μ da porção mediana feminina da gônada foram submetidas à metodologia de análise histológica padrão em parafina e coloração HE. O restante da porção feminina da gônada foi liofilizado para extração e quantificação de astaxantina em HPLC. A avaliação microscópica permitiu a descrição de quatro estágios bem definidos para o ciclo reprodutivo. Na análise ao longo do ano, foram observados períodos preferenciais de desova em dezembro e janeiro e de julho a setembro. A análise da quantidade de astaxantina, mostrou, nos estádios de pré-desova avançada e de desova inicial, uma maior quantidade desse carotenoide em comparação aos estádios de gametogênese, pré-desova inicial, desova avançada e repouso. Em função desses resultados, foi possível estabelecer um quadro descritivo dos estágios sexuais da porção feminina da gônada e quantidade de astaxantina em cada estágio sexual da vieira Nodipecten nodosus.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Comportamento Reprodutivo/fisiologia , Gônadas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Pectinidae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Reprodução/fisiologia , Meios de Cultivo Condicionados/efeitos adversosRESUMO
This work describes the gametogenic cycle of the scallop Nodipecten nodosus kept in a culture system. To this end, during one year, samples were taken from the broodstocks every 30 days to be submitted to macroscopic and microscopic analyses and to measure the amount of astaxanthin. To perform the microscopic evaluation, 5 μ slices from the median portion of the female part of the gonad were submitted to the pattern methodology for histological analyses with paraffin and HE coloration. The remaining portion of the female gonad was lyophilised to extract and quantify the levels of astaxanthin using HPLC. The microscopic analyses revealed four well defined stages for the reproductive cycle. Analyses of data taken throughout the year indicated preferential spawning periods from December to January and from July to September. The astaxanthin analyses showed higher amounts of this carotenoid during the advanced pre-spawning and the initial spawning periods than during gametogenesis, initial pre-spawning, advanced spawning, and the spent stages. According to these results, it was possible to establish a descriptive table of the sexual stages of the female portion of the gonad and the amount of astaxanthin in the sexual stage of the scallop Nodipecten nodosus.
Este trabalho descreve o ciclo gametogênico da vieira Nodipecten nodosus mantida em ambiente de cultivo. Para isto, durante um ano, amostras de indivíduos reprodutores foram coletadas a cada 30 dias e submetidas à avaliação macroscópica e microscópica e à quantificação de astaxantina. Para a avaliação microscópica, secções de 5 μ da porção mediana feminina da gônada foram submetidas à metodologia de análise histológica padrão em parafina e coloração HE. O restante da porção feminina da gônada foi liofilizado para extração e quantificação de astaxantina em HPLC. A avaliação microscópica permitiu a descrição de quatro estágios bem definidos para o ciclo reprodutivo. Na análise ao longo do ano, foram observados períodos preferenciais de desova em dezembro e janeiro e de julho a setembro. A análise da quantidade de astaxantina, mostrou, nos estádios de pré-desova avançada e de desova inicial, uma maior quantidade desse carotenoide em comparação aos estádios de gametogênese, pré-desova inicial, desova avançada e repouso. Em função desses resultados, foi possível estabelecer um quadro descritivo dos estágios sexuais da porção feminina da gônada e quantidade de astaxantina em cada estágio sexual da vieira Nodipecten nodosus.