RESUMO
This paper explores the medicinal plants used by Coqueiros Community, Brazil, for the treatment of various ailments. We apply the structured interview and the participant observation, and the local knowledge was analyzed using quantitative measures applied to the general sampling to contribute to selection of promising species for biotechnological development. This community cited 105 species from 53 plant families. The most representative families were Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Anacardiaceae, Myrtaceae, Annonaceae, Apocynaceae, Lamiaceae and Rutaceae. Among the species mentioned in this survey, 66,7% of them occur in the Cerrado as native vegetation. The species considered the most important by interviewees are those with action for the largest number of health problems. Thus, the statistical indexes used here, such as Relative Impotance (RI), Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) and Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), contributed to identify these species. To conclude, from this research we have known the potential of the Brazilian vegetation for the development of biotechnology.
Este artículo explora las plantas medicinales utilizadas por la comunidad de Coqueiros, Brasil, para el tratamiento de diversas dolencias. Aplicamos la entrevista estructurada y la observación participante, y se analizó el conocimiento local mediante medidas cuantitativas aplicadas al muestreo general para contribuir a la selección de especies promisorias para el desarrollo biotecnológico. Esta comunidad citó 105 especies de 53 familias de plantas. Las familias más representativas fueron Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Anacardiaceae, Myrtaceae, Annonaceae, Apocynaceae, Lamiaceae y Rutaceae. Entre las especies mencionadas en esta encuesta, el 66,7% de ellas se encuentran en el Cerrado como vegetación nativa. Las especies consideradas más importantes por los entrevistados son aquellas con acción para el mayor número de problemas de salud. Así, los índices estadísticos utilizados aquí, como Importancia Relativa (RI), Factor de Consenso del Informante (ICF) y Frecuencia Relativa de Citación (RFC), contribuyeron a identificar estas especies. Para concluir, a partir de esta investigación hemos conocido el potencial de la vegetación brasileña para el desarrollo de la biotecnología.
Assuntos
Plantas Medicinais , Etnobotânica , Etnofarmacologia , Brasil , Inquéritos e Questionários , Biodiversidade , Medicina TradicionalRESUMO
Cancer of the head and neck is a group of upper aerodigestive tract neoplasms in which aggressive treatments may cause harmful side effects to the patient. In the last decade, investigations on natural compounds have been particularly successful in the field of anticancer drug research. Our aim is to evaluate the antitumor effect of Tapirira guianensis Aubl. extracts on a panel of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines. Analysis of secondary metabolites classes in fractions of T. guianensis was performed using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Mutagenicity effect was evaluated by Ames mutagenicity assay. The cytotoxic effect, and migration and invasion inhibition were measured. Additionally, the expression level of apoptosis-related molecules (PARP, Caspases 3, and Fas) and MMP-2 was detected using Western blot. Heterogeneous cytotoxicity response was observed for all fractions, which showed migration inhibition, reduced matrix degradation, and decreased cell invasion ability. Expression levels of MMP-2 decreased in all fractions, and particularly in the hexane fraction. Furthermore, overexpression of FAS and caspase-3, and increase of cleaved PARP indicates possible apoptosis extrinsic pathway activation. Antiproliferative activity of T. guianensis extract in HNSCC cells lines suggests the possibility of developing an anticancer agent or an additive with synergic activities associated with conventional anticancer therapy.
Assuntos
Anacardiaceae/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Apoptose/genética , Caspase 3/genética , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Colágeno/química , Combinação de Medicamentos , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/patologia , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Laminina/química , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/metabolismo , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/genética , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/metabolismo , Proteoglicanas/química , Salmonella typhimurium/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella typhimurium/genética , Receptor fas/genética , Receptor fas/metabolismoRESUMO
Extracts from Hortia oreadica afforded four dihydrocinnamic acid derivatives, isolated from the n-hexane extract, as well as limonoid guyanin and the furoquinoline alkaloid dictamnine, both isolated from the dichloromethane extract. The extracts and the isolated compounds were tested against some oral pathogens, so as to investigate their antibacterial activity. The results showed that the n-hexane extract and the compound dictamnine are the most active against the selected microorganisms.
Extratos brutos de Hortia oreadica, forneceram quatro derivados do ácido diidrocinâmico, que foram isolados do extrato n-hexânico, bem como as substâncias guianina e dictamina, isoladas do extrato em diclorometano. Os extratos brutos e as substâncias isoladas foram avaliados frente a alguns patógenos bucais com o objetivo de investigar a atividade antibacteriana. Os resultados demonstraram que o extrato bruto n-hexânico e a substância dictamina foram os mais ativos frente ao conjunto de microrganismos avaliados.
RESUMO
High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) with a two-phase solvent system (hexane-ethanol-acetonitrile-water 10:8:1:1, v/v) was applied to examine the leaves of Hortia oreadica, which afforded the known limonoid guyanin (1), the alkaloids rutaecarpin (2) and dictamnine (6), the dihydrocinnamic acid derivatives methyl 5,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-6-propanoate (3), 5,8-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-6-propanoic acid (4), together with the new E-3,4-dimethoxy-alpha(3-hydroxy-4-carbomethoxyphenyl)cinnamic acid (5). The recovery of compounds 1-6 was determined by comparison with LC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization MS/MS data: 66.2%, 93.1%, 102.5%, 101.2%, 99.0% and 84.9%, respectively. Compound 3 showed IC(50) of 23.6microM against Plasmodium falciparum and 15.6microM against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesienses and was not toxic to KB cells (IC(50)>100microM).
Assuntos
Distribuição Contracorrente/métodos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Rutaceae/química , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cinamatos/isolamento & purificação , Cinamatos/farmacologia , Humanos , Alcaloides Indólicos/isolamento & purificação , Alcaloides Indólicos/farmacologia , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Limoninas/isolamento & purificação , Limoninas/farmacologia , Plasmodium falciparum/efeitos dos fármacos , Quinazolinas/isolamento & purificação , Quinazolinas/farmacologia , Quinolinas/isolamento & purificação , Quinolinas/farmacologia , Rutaceae/metabolismo , Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Extracts from Hortia oreadica afforded four dihydrocinnamic acid derivatives, isolated from the n-hexane extract, as well as limonoid guyanin and the furoquinoline alkaloid dictamnine, both isolated from the dichloromethane extract. The extracts and the isolated compounds were tested against some oral pathogens, so as to investigate their antibacterial activity. The results showed that the n-hexane extract and the compound dictamnine are the most active against the selected microorganisms.