RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is associated with body weight and other health conditions but remains understudied in the Latino population. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of BDNF serum levels with body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and the rs6265 nonconservative polymorphism among 349 Latinos aged ≥18 years enrolled in the Arizona Insulin Resistance Registry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data on physical activity were acquired using a self-reported questionnaire. BDNF serum levels were measured utilizing a modified ELISA method, and the rs6265 polymorphism was genotyped by the Assay-by-Design service. Two sample t-tests or chi-squared tests were employed to compare demographics and outcomes between physically active and nonactive groups as well as between rs6265 CC and CT+TT groups. RESULTS: BDNF levels and rs6265 polymorphism did not differ significantly between the physically active (N = 195) and nonactive group (N = 154). Participants with the rs6265 polymorphism did not show any significant difference in BDNF levels or BMI when compared with those with the normal functional variant. Higher BDNF levels were significantly associated with higher age (r = 0.11, P = 0.04) and higher 2-hr glucose level (r = 0.11, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: In this cross-sectional study, the rs6265 polymorphism was not associated with a higher risk of obesity, or lower circulating levels of BDNF. Thus, the rs6265 polymorphism may have a different impact in Latinos as compared with other previously studied populations.
Assuntos
Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/genética , Exercício Físico , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Metabolismo/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Envelhecimento/metabolismo , Arizona/epidemiologia , Glicemia/metabolismo , Índice de Massa Corporal , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: To examine differences in self-reported perceived mental and physical health status, as well as known cardiometabolic risk factors in a sample of normal weight, overweight, and obese Mexican youths. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of 164 youths aged 11-18 years recruited in Cuernavaca, Mexico. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire that included measures of generic and weight-specific quality of life, perceived health, physical function, depressive symptoms, and body shape satisfaction. Height, weight, and waist circumference were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was determined. Fasting blood samples from participants yielded levels of glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol (total, HDL, and LDL). RESULTS: Nearly 50 % of participants were female, 21 % had a normal BMI, 39 % were overweight, and 40 % were obese. Obese youths reported significantly lower measures of perceived health status (PHS) and showed an increase in cardiometabolic risk, compared with normal weight youths. Physical functioning, generic and weight-specific QoL were inversely associated with BMI, waist circumference, and glucose. Depressive symptoms were positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, glucose levels, and HDL cholesterol. No correlation was found between PHS and cardiometabolic risk measures after controlling for BMI. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of Mexican youths, obesity was associated with a significantly lower PHS and increased cardiometabolic risk.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Nível de Saúde , Saúde Mental , Sobrepeso/complicações , Adolescente , Glicemia/análise , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Criança , Colesterol/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Obesidade/complicações , Sobrepeso/psicologia , Percepção , Qualidade de Vida , Fatores de Risco , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Circunferência da CinturaRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The increased occurrence of type 2 diabetes and its clinical correlates is a global public health issue, and there are continued efforts to find its genetic determinant across ethnically diverse populations. The aims of this study were to determine the heritability of diabetes and metabolic syndrome phenotypes in the Arizona Insulin Resistance (AIR) registry and to perform an association analysis of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified by GWAS with these traits. All study participants were Mexican Americans from the AIR registry. METHODS: Metabolic, anthropometric, demographic and medical history information was obtained on the 667 individuals enrolled in the registry. RESULTS: The heritability estimates were moderate to high in magnitude and significant, indicating that the AIR registry is well suited for the identification of genetic factors contributing to diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. From the 30 GWAS genes selected (some genes were represented by multiple SNPs), 20 SNPs exhibited associations with one or more of the diabetes related traits with nominal significance (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, 25 SNPs were nominally significantly associated with one or more of the metabolic phenotypes tested (p ≤ 0.05). Most notably, 5 SNPs from 5 genes [body mass index (BMI), hip circumference: rs3751812/FTO; fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c: rs4607517/GCK; very-low-density lipoprotein: rs10830963/MTNR1B; BMI: rs13266634/SLC30A8, and total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein: rs7578597/THADA] were significantly associated with obesity, glycemic, and lipid phenotypes when using the multiple testing significance threshold of 0.0015. CONCLUSION: These findings extend previous work on Mexican Americans to suggest that metabolic disease is strongly influenced by genetic background in this high-risk population.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Estudos de Associação Genética/métodos , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Síndrome Metabólica/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adolescente , Adulto , Arizona , Glicemia/metabolismo , Pressão Sanguínea , Índice de Massa Corporal , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etnologia , Saúde da Família , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Estudos de Associação Genética/estatística & dados numéricos , Predisposição Genética para Doença/etnologia , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla/métodos , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla/estatística & dados numéricos , Genótipo , Humanos , Resistência à Insulina/genética , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/etnologia , Americanos Mexicanos/genética , Americanos Mexicanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sistema de Registros/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in overweight Hispanic youth according to 3 published pediatric definitions. Furthermore, the relationship of each definition to directly measured insulin resistance was examined. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a secondary data analysis of 218 overweight Hispanic youth with a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The metabolic syndrome was defined as >/=3 of these criteria: elevated triglyceride level, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, elevated blood pressure, abdominal obesity, and hyperglycemia. The cutoff points were derived from updated definitions of Cook et al,(1) Cruz et al,(2) and Weiss et al.(3) Insulin sensitivity was determined with the insulin-modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. RESULTS: Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome ranged from 25.7% to 39%, with moderate to substantial agreement between definitions (kappa = 0.52-0.70). Regardless of definition, an inverse relationship between metabolic risk and insulin sensitivity was noted such that children with the metabolic syndrome had 51% to 60% lower insulin sensitivity compared with children without any risk factors (P
Assuntos
Resistência à Insulina , Síndrome Metabólica/complicações , Síndrome Metabólica/diagnóstico , Pediatria/normas , Adolescente , Composição Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Complicações do Diabetes/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Hiperglicemia/metabolismo , Insulina/metabolismo , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/etnologia , Obesidade , SobrepesoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine longitudinal changes in insulin sensitivity (SI), insulin secretion, and beta-cell function during puberty in white and black youth. STUDY DESIGN: The tolbutamide-modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and minimal modeling were used to measure SI, the acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg), and beta-cell function (disposition index, DI) in white (n = 46) and black (n = 46) children (mean [+/-SD] age at baseline = 10.2 +/- 1.7 years). Growth curve models (including 272 observations) with SI, AIRg, and DI regressed on Tanner stage were run after adjusting for covariates. RESULTS: After adjusting for covariates, growth curve models revealed that SI decreased and subsequently recovered by the end of puberty in whites and blacks (both p < .05), AIRg decreased linearly across Tanner stages in both races (both p < .001), and DI decreased across puberty in blacks (p = .001) but not in whites (p = .2). CONCLUSIONS: White and black youth exhibited transient insulin resistance and diminished AIRg during puberty. The progressive decline in DI among blacks versus whites may reflect a unique effect of puberty on beta-cell compensation in blacks. Future studies are needed to identify whether this difference contributes to the increased risk of type II diabetes in young blacks.