RESUMO
Herein, four silver(I) complexes bearing acetylated d-galactopyranoside-based N-heterocyclic carbene ligands were synthesized and fully characterized by elemental analysis, NMR, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. All complexes were obtained with an anomeric ß-configuration and as monocarbene species. In this study, we investigated the biological effects of the silver(I) complexes 2a-d on the human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, RD. Our results show concentration-dependent effects on cell density, growth inhibition, and activation of key signaling pathways such as Akt 1/2, ERK 1/2, and p38-MAPK, indicating their potential as anticancer agents. Notably, at 35.5 µM, the complexes induced mitochondrial network disruption, as observed with 2b and 2c, whereas with 2a, this disruption was accompanied by nuclear content release. These results provide insight into the utility of carbohydrate incorporated NHC complexes of silver(I) as new agents in cancer therapy.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Proliferação de Células , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Rabdomiossarcoma , Prata , Humanos , Acetilação , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Complexos de Coordenação/farmacologia , Complexos de Coordenação/química , Complexos de Coordenação/síntese química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Galactose/química , Galactose/farmacologia , Compostos Heterocíclicos/química , Compostos Heterocíclicos/farmacologia , Compostos Heterocíclicos/síntese química , Metano/química , Metano/análogos & derivados , Metano/farmacologia , Metano/síntese química , Estrutura Molecular , Rabdomiossarcoma/tratamento farmacológico , Rabdomiossarcoma/patologia , Prata/química , Prata/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
A series of novel gold(I) complexes bearing galactopyranoside-based N-heterocyclic carbene ligands have been synthesized via transmetalation of the corresponding Ag(I) complex. Gold(I) complexes have been characterized by NMR, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and elemental analysis. An exhaustive NMR analysis shows that the complexes are not stable when hydroxyl groups are deprotected. Catalytic studies, using the alkyne hydration as a model reaction, indicate that the synthesized complexes are active and reusable.
RESUMO
In organic and inorganic synthesis and in analytical methods, an external conventional heat source is usually applied to carry out a chemical reaction at a high temperature, or an extraction procedure. In the last decades, the use of ultrasound as an alternative energy source has become an interesting field of research in these topics in the South Cone region (Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Southern Brazil and Paraguay). For this reason, the present review, covering the period 2009 to mid-2021, is a compilation of ultrasound-assisted synthetic and analytical methodologies.
RESUMO
A fast and easy method for trace metal extraction on sediments was developed in our laboratories. Three new stable S-metylbenzothiophenium salts were employed along with microwaves to modify the BCR protocol to obtain the concentration of metals of the first two fractions in only one step. The optimum conditions were obtained with 0.125 g of sediment irradiated at 250 W for 30 s at 120 °C, in 5 ml of an aqueous mixture of 10 mM of 1,2-dimethylbenzothiophenium tetrafluoroborate and 0.5 M of hydroxylamine chlorhydrate at pH 2. The method validation was carried out employing BCR 701. The extracted metals were determined by ICP OES. A student's paired t-test was applied with the reference method, giving satisfactory results.
Assuntos
Sedimentos Geológicos , Líquidos Iônicos , Humanos , Metais , TiofenosAssuntos
Antibacterianos/síntese química , Antifúngicos/síntese química , Quitina/análogos & derivados , Compostos Heterocíclicos/química , Metano/análogos & derivados , Prata/química , Prata/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Sítios de Ligação/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Quitina/química , Quitina/farmacologia , Quitosana , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Heterocíclicos/farmacologia , Metano/química , Metano/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Oligossacarídeos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Herein we describe the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) in presence of sulphonated imidazolium salts [1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropyl-4-sodiumsulfonatophenyl)imidazolium (L1), 1-mesityl-3-(3-sulfonatopropyl)imidazolium (L2) and 1-(3-sulfonatopropyl)imidazolium (L3)] in water and in a confinement environment created by reverse micelles (RMs). The Au-NPs were characterized-with an excellent agreement between different techniques-by UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential. In homogeneous media, the Au-NPs interact with the imidazolium ring and the sulphonate groups were directed away from the NPs' surface. This fact is responsible for the Au-NPs' stability-over three months-in water. Based on the obtained zeta potential values we assume the degree of coverage of the Au-NPs by the imidazolium salts. In n-heptane/sodium 1,4-bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT)/water RMs, the Au-NPs formed in presence of sulphonated imidazolium salts present different patterns depending on the ligand used as stabilizer. Interestingly, the Au-NPs are more stable in time when the salts are present in AOT RMs (three weeks) in comparison with the same RMs system but in absence of ligands (less than an hour). Clearly, the sulphonated imidazolium salts are very effective Au-NPs stabilizers in a different medium and this generates a plus to be able to use them for multiple purposes.
RESUMO
In this work, the microenvironment of the core of different unimicelles of hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (HPEI) capped with different aliphatic chains (stearate, palmitate, and laurate) dissolved in toluene has been investigated. To achieve this goal we have used 1-methyl-8-oxyquinolinium betaine (QB) as a molecular probe due to its solvatochromic behavior to monitor the micropolarity and hydrogen bond donor ability of the unimicelle cores. QB shows that the micropolarity and the hydrogen bond donor capability of the polar core of reverse unimicellar media are very different than toluene and similar to the one obtained with traditional surfactants that form reverse micellar media but at a very low unimicelle concentration. Particularly, our results show that the hydrogen bonding ability of the core is the driving force for QB to partition toward the unimicellar media.
RESUMO
The antibacterial properties of water-soluble gold(I) complexes [1-methyl-3-(3-sulfonatopropyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I) chloride (C1), [1-mesityl-3-(3-sulfonatopropyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I) chloride (C2), [1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3-(3-sulfonatopropyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I) chloride (C3) and [1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropyl-4-sodiumsulfonatophenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I) chloride (C4) and the respective ligands were assessed by agar diffusion and broth macrodilution methods against Gram-positives Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Micrococcus luteus and the Gram-negative bacteria Yersinia ruckeri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Viability after treatments was determined by direct plate count. The bactericidal activity displayed by C1 and C3 was comparable to that of AgNO3.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Complexos de Coordenação/farmacologia , Ouro/química , Compostos Heterocíclicos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Complexos de Coordenação/química , Enterococcus faecalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Heterocíclicos/química , Metano/análogos & derivados , Metano/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Micrococcus luteus/efeitos dos fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Solubilidade , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Yersinia ruckeri/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
We describe herein an efficient method for the synthesis of unsymmetrically-substituted biphenyls using a sonochemical variation of the Stille coupling, whose results have also been compared with the conventional silent reaction. Ultrasound significantly enhances this useful organometallic transformation affording products in higher yields and in shorter reaction times than non-irradiated reactions. The scope has been explored with a selection of arylstannanes as precursors and, remarkably, no by-products resulting from homo-coupling could be detected.
Assuntos
Sonicação/métodos , Compostos de Estanho/química , Compostos de Estanho/efeitos da radiação , Ondas de Choque de Alta Energia , Doses de RadiaçãoRESUMO
Bulky arylstannanes and bulky aroyl chlorides are good reaction partners for the synthesis of two-, three-, and even four-ortho-substituted benzophenones, in good to excellent isolated yields (47-91%). Three simple and direct routes, with differential advantages, are proposed: (i) a catalyst-free protocol, in o-dichlorobenzene (ODCB) at 180 °C; (ii) a room temperature protocol, using AlCl(3) (0.5 equiv), in dichloromethane (DCM); and (iii) a solvent-free, indium-promoted procedure. A radical mechanism is proposed for the indium-mediated reactions.