RESUMO
Purpose: The objective of this research was to develop a musical digital game for rehabilitation of upper limb and to verify its usability and user experience with professionals in the field (physical therapists). Materials and Methods: Thirty working professionals were recruited to evaluate the system. The usability was evaluated with the System Usability Scale (SUS) and the user experience was verified with the Game Flow scale. Results: The overall score of the SUS scale was 88.67 (±9.129); this score is interpreted as "Best Imaginable" (86-100). The user experience rating had most of its domains equal or higher than 4, which indicates that all the requirements for a good user experience were present in the game. Conclusions: The Moniz Game proved to be a game with good usability and can be a tool for application in clinical practice regarding motor coordination. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of the Moniz Game on motor coordination in patients with neurological dysfunctions.
Assuntos
Música , Jogos de Vídeo , Humanos , Jogos de Vídeo/psicologia , Jogos de Vídeo/normas , Jogos de Vídeo/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Feminino , Masculino , Música/psicologia , Interface Usuário-Computador , Extremidade Superior/fisiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Destreza Motora/fisiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Some pro-inflammatory lipids derived from 1 lipooxygenase enzyme are potent neutrophil chemoattractant, a cell centrally involved in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); a syndrome lacking effective treatment. Considering the beneficial effects of the leukotriene receptor inhibitor, montelukast, on other lung diseases, whether montelukast attenuates inflammation in a mouse model of ARDS, and whether it reduces LPS stimulated activation of human neutrophils was investigated. METHODS: Thirty-five C57Bl/6 mice were distributed into control (PBS)+24h, LPS+24h (10µg/mouse), control+48h, LPS+48h, and LPS 48h+Montelukast (10mg/kg). In addition, human neutrophils were incubated with LPS (1µg/mL) and treated with montelukast (10µM). RESULTS: Oral-tracheal administration of montelukast significantly attenuated total cells (P<.05), macrophages (P<.05), neutrophils (P<.01), lymphocytes (P<.001) and total protein levels in BAL (P<.05), as well as IL-6 (P<.05), CXCL1/KC (P<.05), IL-17 (P<.05) and TNF-α (P<.05). Furthermore, montelukast reduced neutrophils (P<.001), lymphocytes (P<.01) and macrophages (P<.01) in the lung parenchyma. In addition, montelukast restored BAL VEGF levels (P<.05). LTB4 receptor expression (P<.001) as well as NF-κB (P<.001), a downstream target of LPS, were also reduced in lung parenchymal leukocytes. Furthermore, montelukast reduced IL-8 (P<.001) production by LPS-treated human neutrophils. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, montelukast efficiently attenuated both LPS-induced lung inflammation in a mouse model of ARDS and in LPS challenged human neutrophils.
Assuntos
Acetatos/farmacologia , Antagonistas de Leucotrienos/farmacologia , Ativação de Neutrófilo/efeitos dos fármacos , Pneumonia/prevenção & controle , Quinolinas/farmacologia , Animais , Lavagem Broncoalveolar , Permeabilidade Capilar/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclopropanos , Citocinas/análise , Citocinas/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Contagem de Leucócitos , Lipopolissacarídeos , Pulmão/citologia , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , NF-kappa B/efeitos dos fármacos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Pneumonia/induzido quimicamente , Receptores do Leucotrieno B4/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores do Leucotrieno B4/metabolismo , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/induzido quimicamente , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/etiologia , Sulfetos , Fatores de Tempo , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismoRESUMO
Abstract Introduction Grip and pinch movements are important to perform daily activities and to manipulate objects. In this paper we describe the development and evaluation of a peripheral device to quantify cylindrical grip, pulp-to-pulp pinch, pulp-to-side pinch strength and range of motion of children. Methods Three objects were selected: a door handle, a switch, and a key, which were instrumented with force sensing resistors to analyse the strength. Potentiometers were used to verify the range of motion and micro switches to assure the correct position of the fingers during the movement execution. Thirty volunteers (8.77 ± 1.28), both male and female, were selected to test the peripheral device functionality. Results The results determined the minimum necessary strength values for the object activation and maximum displacement, in which the values are 2.5N, 40°; 2.7N, 55°; and 2.8N, 100%, for door handle object, key object, and switch object, respectively. In the functionally tests, volunteers have shown a superior strength for activating each object and 73.33% of them have completed the range movement in the key object, 86.67% in the switch object, and 93.33% in the door handle object. Conclusion The developed peripheral device enabled the measurement of range and static and dynamic strength of grip and pinch movements of children.