RESUMO
Abstract A new genus, Nhambikuara Freitas, Barbosa & Zacca gen. nov., and species, Nhambikuara cerradensis Freitas, Barbosa & Zacca sp. nov., of the highly diverse Neotropical butterfly subtribe Euptychiina are described. Nhambikuara cerradensis sp. nov. is the type species for the genus, and Euptychia mima Butler, 1867 is also transferred to the new genus, as Nhambikuara mima (Butler, 1867) comb. nov., from the genus Zischkaia Forster, 1964. The taxonomy, phylogenetic relationships, geographic distribution and natural history of species of the genus are also discussed.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:41AD7568-3490-4F63-A019-32D5592A8C44
RESUMO
MOTIVATION: Around 75% of all mass spectra remain unidentified by widely adopted proteomic strategies. We present DiagnoProt, an integrated computational environment that can efficiently cluster millions of spectra and use machine learning to shortlist high-quality unidentified mass spectra that are discriminative of different biological conditions. RESULTS: We exemplify the use of DiagnoProt by shortlisting 4366 high-quality unidentified tandem mass spectra that are discriminative of different types of the Aspergillus fungus. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: DiagnoProt, a demonstration video and a user tutorial are available at http://patternlabforproteomics.org/diagnoprot . CONTACT: andrerfsilva@gmail.com or paulo@pcarvalho.com. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Assuntos
Aprendizado de Máquina , Proteômica/métodos , Análise de Sequência de Proteína/métodos , Software , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Aspergillus/metabolismo , Proteínas Fúngicas/análiseRESUMO
The ovicidal effect of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia on eggs of Ascaris suum was tested under laboratory conditions. A. suum eggs were plated on 2% water-agar with seven fungal isolates (Isol. 5, Isol. 31, Isol. 1, VC1, Isol. 12, Isol. 22 and VC4) and control without fungus. After 5, 7, 10, 14, 15 and 21 days of incubation, approximately 100 eggs were removed from the plates and classified according to the following parameters: type 1, biochemical and physiological effect without morphological damage to the eggshell, type 2, lytic effect with morphological alteration of the eggshell and embryo and type 3, lytic effect with morphological alteration of eggshell and embryo showing hyphal penetration and internal egg colonization. The isolates effectively destroyed A. suum eggs and all types of effects were observed during the experiment. There was no variation in ovicidal capacity (type 3 effect) among the isolates (p>0.05) throughout the experiment. After 21 days, isolate 5 showed the highest percentages of type 3 effect (58.33%). The results indicated that P. chlamydosporia (Isol. 5, Isol. 31, Isol. 1, VC1, Isol. 12, Isol. 22 and VC4) can destroy A. suum eggs and is, therefore, a potential biological control agent of nematodes.
Assuntos
Ascaríase/veterinária , Ascaris suum/microbiologia , Gastroenteropatias/veterinária , Hypocreales/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Controle Biológico de Vetores/métodos , Doenças dos Suínos/parasitologia , Animais , Ascaríase/parasitologia , Ascaríase/prevenção & controle , Gastroenteropatias/parasitologia , Gastroenteropatias/prevenção & controle , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/prevenção & controleRESUMO
The potential role of companion animals as reservoirs for zoonotic diseases has been recognised as a significant public health problem worldwide. Ancylostoma ceylanicum is the only ancylostomatidae species known for infecting human beings. This article aimed to compare the predatory capacity of predatory fungi isolates Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001), Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34), Monacrosporium sinense (SF53) and Arthrobotrys robusta (I31) on A. ceylanicum infectious larvae (L(3)) in a 2% water-agar plate. There was no predatory capacity variation among the fungi tested (P>0.05) over the 7-day period experimental assay. When compared to the control (without fungi), there was a significant reduction (P<0.05) of 95.6%, 85.1%, 87.4% and 90.2% on the A. ceylanicum L(3) mean recovered from treatments with isolates AC001, NF34, SF53 and I31, respectively. Regarding linear regression coefficients, negative values were noted for treatments, therefore indicating A. ceylanicum non-predated larvae reduction over 7 days. In this work, all predatory fungi isolates were efficient at capturing and destroying in vitro the A. ceylanicum L(3); therefore being able to be used as biological controllers of such nematode.
Assuntos
Ancylostoma/microbiologia , Ancilostomíase/veterinária , Ascomicetos/fisiologia , Controle Biológico de Vetores/métodos , Ancilostomíase/terapia , Animais , Cricetinae , Humanos , Larva/microbiologia , Masculino , Mesocricetus/parasitologia , Zoonoses/microbiologiaAssuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Pseudomonas/microbiologia , Pseudomonas putida/metabolismo , Pseudomonas stutzeri/metabolismo , beta-Lactamases/metabolismo , Criança , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Feminino , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Lactente , Meningites Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Meningites Bacterianas/microbiologia , Pseudomonas putida/genética , Pseudomonas stutzeri/genética , beta-Lactamases/genéticaRESUMO
This work was performed to determine the predatory capacity in vitro of the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans (isolate AC001) on cyathostomin infective larvae of horse (L(3)). The experimental assay was carried out on plates with 2% water-agar (2% WA). In the treated group, each plate contained 1.000 L(3) and 1.000 conidia of the fungus. The control group without fungus only contained 1.000 L(3) in the plates. Ten random fields (4 mm diameter) were examined per plate of treated and control groups, every 24 h for seven days under an optical microscope (10x and 40x objective lens) for non-predated L(3) counts. After 7 days, the non-predated L(3) were recovered from the Petri dishes using the Baermann method. The interaction there was a significant reduction (p < 0.01) of 93.64% in the cyathostomin L(3) recovered. The results showed that the D. flagrans is a potential candidate to the biological control of horse cyathostomin L(3).
Assuntos
Ascomicetos/fisiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/prevenção & controle , Doenças dos Cavalos/parasitologia , Metastrongyloidea/microbiologia , Controle Biológico de Vetores/métodos , Comportamento Predatório/fisiologia , Infecções por Strongylida/veterinária , Animais , Brasil , Cavalos , Técnicas In Vitro , Larva/microbiologia , Infecções por Strongylida/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Toxocara (Neoascaris) vitulorum is a gastrointestinal nematode parasite of young ruminants, responsible for high mortality rates in parasitized cattle and buffalo calves. The objective of this work was to compare the predatory capacity under laboratory conditions of four fungal isolates of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC1, VC4, VC5 and VC12) on T. vitulorum eggs in 2% water-agar (2% WA). T. vitulorum eggs were plated on 2% WA Petri dishes which contained cultured fungal isolates and control plates without fungi. After 10 and 15 days one hundred eggs were removed and classified according to the following parameters: type 1, biochemical and physiological effect without morphological damage to the eggshell, type 2, lytic effect with morphological alteration of the eggshell and embryo and type 3, lytic effect with morphological alteration of eggshell and embryo in addition to hyphal penetration and internal egg colonization. The fungal isolates were effective in the destruction of T. vitulorum eggs presenting the type 3 effect at 10 and 15 days after contact with the fungus. No nematophagous fungi were observed in the control group during the experiment. There was no variation in the predatory capacity of the fungal isolates (P > 0.01) at the intervals of 10 and 15 days. These results indicate that P. chlamydosporia (VC1, VC4, VC5 and VC12) negatively influenced the development of T. vitulorum eggs and can be considered a potential candidate for the biological control of nematodes.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Hypocreales/fisiologia , Toxocara/microbiologia , Toxocaríase/parasitologia , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Técnicas In Vitro , Controle Biológico de Vetores/métodos , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Toxocaríase/prevenção & controleRESUMO
The predatory capacity of one isolate of nematode-trapping fungus Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) on infective larvae of cyathostomes was evaluated in laboratorial conditions in medium water-agar 2% (WA 2%). There was significant reduction (p<0.01) of 93.64% in the average of infective larvae of cyathostomes recovered of medium WA 2% at seven day. These results show that the isolated AC001 could be used in the biological control of cyathostomes of horses.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos/isolamento & purificação , Nematoides/microbiologia , Animais , Larva/microbiologiaRESUMO
A capacidade predatória de um isolado de fungo predador de nematoides Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) sobre larvas infectantes de ciatostomíneos foi avaliada em condições laboratoriais em ensaio experimental em meio ágar-água 2% (AA 2%). Houve redução significativa (p < 0,01) de 93,64% na média de larvas infectantes de ciatostomíneos recuperadas do meio AA2%, ao final de sete dias. Os resultados desse ensaio evidenciam que o isolado fúngico AC001 poderia ser utilizado no controle biológico de ciatostomíneos de equinos.
The predatory capacity of one isolate of nematode-trapping fungus Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) on infective larvae of cyathostomes was evaluated in laboratorial conditions in medium water-agar 2% (WA 2%). There was significant reduction (p < 0. 01) of 93.64% in the average of infective larvae of cyathostomes recovered of medium WA 2% at seven day. These results show that the isolated AC001 could be used in the biological control of cyathostomes of horses.
Assuntos
Animais , Ascomicetos/isolamento & purificação , Nematoides/microbiologia , Larva/microbiologiaRESUMO
Formulations in matrix of sodium alginate (pellets) of the nematode predatory fungi Duddingtonia flagrans and Monacrosporium thaumasium were evaluated in the biological control of sheep gastrointestinal nematodiasis. Three groups (1, 2, and 3), each one with eight sheep of the Santa Inês breed, at the ages of 15-48 months, were placed in paddocks of Brachiaria decumbens for 5 months. In group 1, each animal received 1 g/10 kg of live weight (l.w.) of pellets of D. flagrans (0.2 g of fungus/10 kg l.w.). In group 2, each animal received 1 g/10 kg of l.w. of pellets of the fungus M. thaumasium (0.2 g of fungus/10 kg l.w.), twice a week, for 5 months. In group 3 (control), the animals received 1 g/10 kg of live weight of pellets without fungus. The monthly averages of the egg countings per gram of feces of the animals of groups 1 and 2 treated were 71.6% and 61.1% smaller, respectively, in comparison to the animals of group 3 (control). The treatment of sheep with pellets containing the nematophagous fungi D. flagrans and M. thaumasium may be used as an alternative for the control of sheep gastrointestinal nematodiasis.