RESUMO
Cat-transmitted sporotrichosis is caused by the emerging fungal pathogen Sporothrix brasiliensis and constitutes a significant public health issue that affects people living in resource-poor urban centers in Brazil. The lack of knowledge about transmission dynamics makes it difficult to propose public health policies to contain the advance of sporotrichosis. We describe the recent emergence of 1,176 cases of sporotrichosis in cats (2016 to 2021) in the metropolitan region of Recife, Brazil, leading to significant zoonotic transmission and an overwhelming occurrence of S. brasiliensis as the etiological agent. Most cases were from cats in the cities of Olinda (408/1,176; 34.70%), Jaboatão dos Guararapes (332/1,176; 28.23%), and Recife (237/1,176; 20.15%). Molecular typing using amplified fragment length polymorphism (EcoRI-GA/MseI-AG) revealed low polymorphic information content (PIC = 0.2499) and heterozygosity (H = 0.2928), typical of an outbreak scenario. Dendrogram and multivariate cluster analysis revealed that isolates from Pernambuco are closely related to Rio de Janeiro isolates. We report a substantial occurrence of MAT1-2 idiomorphs in the metropolitan region of Recife (0:60 ratio; χ2 = 60.000, P < 0.0001). The limited population differentiation and genetic diversity of the isolates from Pernambuco suggest a recent introduction, possibly via a founder effect, from the parental population in Rio de Janeiro. Our findings emphasize the critical importance of molecular surveillance of S. brasiliensis for outbreak response. A comprehensive one-health strategy is mandatory to control the spread of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis driven by S. brasiliensis, encompassing sanitary barriers, quick diagnosis, and treatment.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Sporothrix , Esporotricose , Esporotricose/transmissão , Esporotricose/microbiologia , Esporotricose/veterinária , Esporotricose/epidemiologia , Gatos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Sporothrix/genética , Sporothrix/isolamento & purificação , Sporothrix/classificação , Animais , Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Doenças do Gato/transmissão , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Tipagem Molecular , Zoonoses/transmissão , Zoonoses/microbiologia , Análise do Polimorfismo de Comprimento de Fragmentos Amplificados , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/transmissão , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/microbiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Genótipo , FilogeniaRESUMO
Studies related to neurological diseases are of great importance in Veterinary Medicine, particularly those involving production animals, such as cattle, due to their wide sanitary and public health significance. Therefore, the current study aims to describe the frequency of occurrence of the main clinical, laboratory, and anatomopathological findings of cattle diagnosed with neurological diseases of viral origin. Screening was performed in the general register of patients diagnosed through anatomopathological and/or complementary examination with illnesses of viral origin, admitted (live or dead) to the Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns-UFRPE from January 2009 to December 2019. The information recovered was entered in a database created in the computer program Microsoft Excel 2010®, distributed into clinical, laboratory, and anatomopathological data. The clinical findings on neurological diseases of viral etiology were very varied and non-specific, and the anatomopathological findings, together with laboratory methods, were of fundamental importance for the establishment of the diagnosis. The high frequency of rabies cases in this study demonstrates the importance of this disease for cattle rearing, as well as for Public Health. We emphasize the importance of including malignant catarrhal fever and herpes meningoencephalitis in the differential diagnosis of neurological diseases in the region, as well as the adoption of sanitary measures.
Os estudos relacionados as doenças neurológicas assumem grande importância na Medicina Veterinária, particularmente os que envolvem animais de produção como os bovinos, em virtude da grande importância sanitária e de saúde pública. Nesse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever a frequência de ocorrência dos principais achados clínicos, laboratoriais e anatomopatológicos dos bovinos diagnosticados com doenças neurológicas de origem viral. Realizou-se a triagem no livro de registro geral dos pacientes com enfermidades que cursaram com sintomatologia neurológica e que foram diagnosticados através de exame anatomopatológico e/ou complementares com enfermidades de origem viral, os quais deram entrada (vivos ou mortos) na Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns-UFRPE no período de janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2019. As informações obtidas foram inseridas em um banco de dados elaborado no programa de computador Microsoft Excel 2010® distribuídas em dados clínicos, laboratoriais e anatomopatológicos. Os achados clínicos das enfermidades neurológicas de etiologia viral foram muito variados e inespecíficos, sendo os achados anatomopatológicos, aliados aos métodos laboratoriais, de importância fundamental para o estabelecimento do diagnóstico. A elevada frequência dos casos de raiva neste estudo demonstra a importância sanitária desta enfermidade para a pecuária bovina, como também para a saúde pública. Ressalta-se a importância da inclusão da febre catarral maligna e da meningoencefalite herpética no diagnóstico diferencial das doenças neurológicas na região, assim como a adoção de medidas sanitárias.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Raiva/veterinária , Viroses/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos , Bluetongue , Meningoencefalite/veterinária , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/veterináriaRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant goats. The goats were divided into two groups: group one (G1) comprised of 31 pregnant goats naturally infected with T. gondii, and group two (G2) comprised of seven uninfected pregnant goats from a flock with a history of abortion due to toxoplasmosis. Serological investigation, ultrasonography, and clinical testing were performed on all goats during gestation. Serum samples from goats and their offspring (precolostral) were collected to evaluate the vertical transmission of T. gondii. Samples from placentas and aborted fetuses were also collected for molecular and histopathological analysis. Results showed that in G1, estrus recurrence occurred in 22.6% (7/31) of the goats, embryonic death in 3.3% (1/31), and abortion in 19.4% (6/31). An increase in anti-T. gondii antibodies was observed in G1 goats at day 150 of pregnancy. T. gondii DNA was detected in 42.8% (3/7) of aborted fetuses and was associated with histopathological lesions caused by this parasite. Moreover, toxoplasmosis in field conditions caused by genotype ToxoDB #1 in pregnant goats resulted in severe reproductive loss in the flock.
Assuntos
Doenças das Cabras , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmose Animal , Animais , DNA , Feminino , Doenças das Cabras/diagnóstico , Doenças das Cabras/parasitologia , Cabras/genética , Gravidez , Toxoplasma/genética , Toxoplasmose Animal/diagnóstico , Toxoplasmose Animal/parasitologiaRESUMO
The objective was to study the occurrence of foot disorders in cattle treated at the Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns, campus of the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco from 1999 to 2021. A retrospective study of the medical records was carried out, with a total of 334 cases, in which 613 lesions were diagnosed. A frequency distribution, with simple mean and standard deviation was performed to evaluate the data. Interdigital dermatitis was more frequent in 12.4% (76/613), double sole in 9.79% (60/613), chronic laminitis in 8.81% (54/613), sole ulcer in 7.83% (48 /613), and interdigital hyperplasia in 7.24% (45/613). Laminitis and its consequences accounted for 45% of the total injuries identified, followed by 36% of injuries of secondary or uncertain cause, and 19% from infectious diseases. The distribution of lesions between the limbs was 68% in the pelvic and 32% in the thoracic limbs. Females, raised in a semi-intensive system, Holstein, with a body score of III, and large size were more affected. Lameness was present in 78% (260/334), while 10% (33/334) did not present lameness. The case fatality and recovery rates were 9% (31/334) and 73% (243/334), respectively. In total, 51% of cases occurred in the rainy season and 49% in the dry season. The main cities of origin were Bom Conselho 22.75% (76/334), Garanhuns 18.86% (63/334), and Brejão 12.57% (42/334). The estimated cost of treatment was US$ 150.13/case. Diseases are probably directly linked to management failure on the property due to the nature of the diagnosed diseases, in addition to the significant cost of the treatment of these animals, with the need for prophylactic measures in order to avoid the economic losses associated with foot diseases.
Objetivou-se estudar a ocorrência das afecções podais em bovinos atendidos na Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns, Campus da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, no intervalo de 1999 a 2021. Realizou-se estudo retrospectivo dos prontuários, com total 334 casos, dos quais foram diagnosticadas 613 lesões digitais. Foi realizada a distribuição de frequência, média simples e desvio padrão para avaliação dos dados. A dermatite interdigital foi a mais frequente, sendo observada em 12,4% (76/613) dos casos, seguida por sola dupla 9,79% (60/613), laminite crônica 8,81% (54/613), úlcera de sola 7,83% (48/613) e a hiperplasia interdigital 7,24% (45/613). A laminite e suas consequências representaram 45% do total de lesões identificadas, acompanhadas por 36% das injúrias de causa secundárias ou incertas e de doenças infecciosas com 19%. A distribuição das lesões entre os membros foi de 68% nos pélvicos e 32% nos torácicos. As fêmeas criadas em sistema semi-intensivo, holandesas, com escore corporal III e porte grande eram mais acometidas. A claudicação estava presente em 78% dos animais, enquanto 10% não claudicavam. As taxas de letalidade e recuperação foram de 9% (31/334) e 73 % (243/334), respectivamente. No período chuvoso foram 51% dos casos e 49% na época seca. Os principais municípios de origem foram Bom Conselho 22,75% (76/334), Garanhuns 18, 86% (63/334) e Brejão 12,57% (42/334). O custo estimado com tratamento foi de US$ 150,13/caso. Provavelmente falhas de manejo nas propriedades foram importantes fatores de risco para as doenças. Sugere-se a implementação de medidas profiláticas para evitar as perdas econômicas associadas às enfermidades podais.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Bovinos , Doenças do Pé/veterinária , Doenças do Pé/epidemiologia , Casco e Garras , Brasil/epidemiologia , Dermatite DigitalRESUMO
In the Northeastern Brazil, artisanal cheese production is an important local economic activity for small producers. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus is responsible for causing infection in animals and humans. This study described the first detection of methicillin resistant S. epidermidis isolated in the nasal cavity of a handler of coalho cheese made with goats milk in Northeastern Brazil. This brief communication highlighted the importance of adopting biosafety measures by cheese handlers, in order to reduce possible contamination and the spread of pathogens in the production chain of this type of artisanal cheese in Brazil.(AU)
Na região Nordeste do Brasil, a cadeia de produção de queijo artesanal é uma atividade local importante para pequenos produtores. Staphylococcus resistentes à meticilina são responsáveis por causar infecções em animais e seres humanos. Neste estudo descreve se a primeira detecção de S. epidermidis resistente à meticilina isolado da cavidade nasal de um manipulador de queijo coalho elaborado com leite de cabra no Nordeste do Brasil. Este relato destaca a importância da adoção de medidas de biossegurança por manipuladores de queijo, a fim de reduzir possíveis contaminações e a disseminação de patógenos na cadeia produtiva deste tipo de queijo artesanal no Brasil.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Staphylococcus epidermidis/patogenicidade , Resistência a Medicamentos , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Laticínios , Inocuidade dos Alimentos/métodosRESUMO
In the Northeastern Brazil, artisanal cheese production is an important local economic activity for small producers. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus is responsible for causing infection in animals and humans. This study described the first detection of methicillin resistant S. epidermidis isolated in the nasal cavity of a handler of coalho cheese made with goats milk in Northeastern Brazil. This brief communication highlighted the importance of adopting biosafety measures by cheese handlers, in order to reduce possible contamination and the spread of pathogens in the production chain of this type of artisanal cheese in Brazil.
Na região Nordeste do Brasil, a cadeia de produção de queijo artesanal é uma atividade local importante para pequenos produtores. Staphylococcus resistentes à meticilina são responsáveis por causar infecções em animais e seres humanos. Neste estudo descreve se a primeira detecção de S. epidermidis resistente à meticilina isolado da cavidade nasal de um manipulador de queijo coalho elaborado com leite de cabra no Nordeste do Brasil. Este relato destaca a importância da adoção de medidas de biossegurança por manipuladores de queijo, a fim de reduzir possíveis contaminações e a disseminação de patógenos na cadeia produtiva deste tipo de queijo artesanal no Brasil.
Assuntos
Humanos , Inocuidade dos Alimentos/métodos , Laticínios , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Resistência a Medicamentos , Staphylococcus epidermidis/patogenicidadeRESUMO
ABSTRACT: In the Northeastern Brazil, artisanal cheese production is an important local economic activity for small producers. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus is responsible for causing infection in animals and humans. This study described the first detection of methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis isolated in the nasal cavity of a handler of coalho cheese made with goat's milk in Northeastern Brazil. This brief communication highlighted the importance of adopting biosafety measures by cheese handlers, in order to reduce possible contamination and the spread of pathogens in the production chain of this type of artisanal cheese in Brazil.
RESUMO: Na região Nordeste do Brasil, a cadeia de produção de queijo artesanal é uma atividade local importante para pequenos produtores. Staphylococcus resistentes à meticilina são responsáveis por causar infecções em animais e seres humanos. Neste estudo descreve-se a primeira detecção de S. epidermidis resistente à meticilina isolado da cavidade nasal de um manipulador de queijo coalho elaborado com leite de cabra no Nordeste do Brasil. Este relato destaca a importância da adoção de medidas de biossegurança por manipuladores de queijo, a fim de reduzir possíveis contaminações e a disseminação de patógenos na cadeia produtiva deste tipo de queijo artesanal no Brasil.
RESUMO
Background: Buffaloes are susceptible to viral infections, often associated with pathologies of importance in cattle breeding.Among the numerous infectious diseases, Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVDV) and Bovine Infectious Rhinotracheitis (IBR) havea negative impact on buffalo creations. This study aimed to detect the occurrence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus infections in buffaloes in Pernambuco state, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: For this purpose, serum samples were obtained from 244 buffaloes on eight properties distributedin six municipalities. The search for anti-BVDV and -bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BoHV-1) antibodies was performedusing the virus neutralization technique. To analyze the association between the serological status of BoHV-1 infection andaspects of hygienic-sanitary and reproductive management, an investigative questionnaire with objective questions wasused. In total, 97.9% (239/244) of buffaloes had anti-BVDV antibodies and 56.1% (137/244) had anti-BoHV-1 antibodies.Co-infection was observed in 55.3% (135/244) of buffaloes. The distribution of antibody occurrence in buffaloes byproperties ranged from 90.5% to 100.0% for BVDV and from 4.8% to 100% for BoHV-1. It was not possible to performan association analysis for BVDV infection; however, in that for BoHV-1 infection, the following variables exhibited asignificant association: an extensive breeding system (P < 0.001), open herd (P = 0.029), lack of reproductive rest (P =0.029), natural mating in females with reproductive disorders (P < 0.001), exploration type (P = 0.0014), presence of wildanimals (P < 0.001), and lack of cleaning facilities (P = 0.008).Discussion: The occurrence of anti-BVDV antibodies in this study was 97.9% this was higher than those reported in othercountrys regions. The results of the present study demonstrate a high occurrence of anti-BVDV antibodies in [...]
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Búfalos/virologia , Herpesvirus Bovino 1 , Testes Imunológicos , Vírus da Diarreia Viral BovinaRESUMO
Background: Buffaloes are susceptible to viral infections, often associated with pathologies of importance in cattle breeding.Among the numerous infectious diseases, Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVDV) and Bovine Infectious Rhinotracheitis (IBR) havea negative impact on buffalo creations. This study aimed to detect the occurrence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus infections in buffaloes in Pernambuco state, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: For this purpose, serum samples were obtained from 244 buffaloes on eight properties distributedin six municipalities. The search for anti-BVDV and -bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BoHV-1) antibodies was performedusing the virus neutralization technique. To analyze the association between the serological status of BoHV-1 infection andaspects of hygienic-sanitary and reproductive management, an investigative questionnaire with objective questions wasused. In total, 97.9% (239/244) of buffaloes had anti-BVDV antibodies and 56.1% (137/244) had anti-BoHV-1 antibodies.Co-infection was observed in 55.3% (135/244) of buffaloes. The distribution of antibody occurrence in buffaloes byproperties ranged from 90.5% to 100.0% for BVDV and from 4.8% to 100% for BoHV-1. It was not possible to performan association analysis for BVDV infection; however, in that for BoHV-1 infection, the following variables exhibited asignificant association: an extensive breeding system (P < 0.001), open herd (P = 0.029), lack of reproductive rest (P =0.029), natural mating in females with reproductive disorders (P < 0.001), exploration type (P = 0.0014), presence of wildanimals (P < 0.001), and lack of cleaning facilities (P = 0.008).Discussion: The occurrence of anti-BVDV antibodies in this study was 97.9% this was higher than those reported in othercountrys regions. The results of the present study demonstrate a high occurrence of anti-BVDV antibodies in [...] (AU)