RESUMO
Variations in lipid profile have been observed in sickle cell disease (SCD) and understanding their relationship with disease severity is crucial. This study aimed to investigate the association of polymorphisms of the CETP gene and laboratory markers of disease severity with lipid profile in a pediatric population with SCD. Biochemical and anthropometric analyses and CETP and alpha-thalassemia genotyping were performed. The study included 133 children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia (SCA) or hemoglobin SC disease (SCC), in steady-state. The SCA and no hydroxyurea (no HU) groups had higher values of ApoB, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) compared to the SCC and HU groups. However, there were no significant differences in ApoA1 and HDL-C levels between the groups based on genotype. Furthermore, the groups with altered levels of ApoA1, HDL-C, and the triglyceride/HDL ratio exhibited lower hemoglobin (Hb) levels and higher white blood cell counts. Hb level was associated to HDL-C levels. Analysis of CETP gene variants showed that the minor alleles of rs3764261 (C>A), rs247616 (C>T), and rs183130 (C>T), as well as the TTA haplotype, are explanatory variables for HDL-C levels. These findings suggested that dyslipidemia in SCD, specifically related to HDL-C levels, may be influenced by individual genetic background. Additionally, further investigation is needed to determine if clinical manifestations are impacted by CETP gene variants.
Assuntos
Anemia Falciforme , Criança , Adolescente , Humanos , Haplótipos , HDL-Colesterol , Genótipo , Alelos , Proteínas de Transferência de Ésteres de ColesterolRESUMO
Variations in lipid profile have been observed in sickle cell disease (SCD) and understanding their relationship with disease severity is crucial. This study aimed to investigate the association of polymorphisms of the CETP gene and laboratory markers of disease severity with lipid profile in a pediatric population with SCD. Biochemical and anthropometric analyses and CETP and alpha-thalassemia genotyping were performed. The study included 133 children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia (SCA) or hemoglobin SC disease (SCC), in steady-state. The SCA and no hydroxyurea (no HU) groups had higher values of ApoB, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) compared to the SCC and HU groups. However, there were no significant differences in ApoA1 and HDL-C levels between the groups based on genotype. Furthermore, the groups with altered levels of ApoA1, HDL-C, and the triglyceride/HDL ratio exhibited lower hemoglobin (Hb) levels and higher white blood cell counts. Hb level was associated to HDL-C levels. Analysis of CETP gene variants showed that the minor alleles of rs3764261 (C>A), rs247616 (C>T), and rs183130 (C>T), as well as the TTA haplotype, are explanatory variables for HDL-C levels. These findings suggested that dyslipidemia in SCD, specifically related to HDL-C levels, may be influenced by individual genetic background. Additionally, further investigation is needed to determine if clinical manifestations are impacted by CETP gene variants.
RESUMO
The extracts of medicinal plants are used for the treatment of seeds in order to reduce the action of phytopathogens and increase the vigor of the seeds. Currently, computerized image analysis has been used to assess the physiological quality of seed lots. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of the Vigor-S® software in the evaluation of the physiological quality of cowpea seeds treated with essential oils, comparing with a traditional test and the principal component analysis. Two cowpea cultivars were analyzed, BRS Tumucumaque and BRS Guariba, treated with doses of natural extracts of Alfavaca, garlic, horsetail, citronella and pyroligneous acid. The traditional method consisted of evaluations for germination, first germination count, seedling emergence, emergence speed index, accelerated aging, fresh matter and dry matter of seedling and the image analysis for: seedling length, growth index, uniformity index, vigor index, and germination. A Principal component analysis was applied to reduce the number of variables. Horsetail, Alfavaca and citronella extracts were efficient in increasing the physiological quality of the seeds of at least one cultivar. The Vigor-S® software proved to be efficient compared to traditional tests to assess the physiological quality of seeds. Principal Component Analysis is an ally to identify the best extracts and doses to be used. The image analysis method proved to be effective when compared to the traditional method and can therefore be used.
Assuntos
Óleos Voláteis , Vigna , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Plântula/fisiologia , Sementes/fisiologia , Germinação , Análise Multivariada , Extratos VegetaisRESUMO
The extracts of medicinal plants are used for the treatment of seeds in order to reduce the action of phytopathogens and increase the vigor of the seeds. Currently, computerized image analysis has been used to assess the physiological quality of seed lots. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of the Vigor-S® software in the evaluation of the physiological quality of cowpea seeds treated with essential oils, comparing with a traditional test and the principal component analysis. Two cowpea cultivars were analyzed, BRS Tumucumaque and BRS Guariba, treated with doses of natural extracts of Alfavaca, garlic, horsetail, citronella and pyroligneous acid. The traditional method consisted of evaluations for germination, first germination count, seedling emergence, emergence speed index, accelerated aging, fresh matter and dry matter of seedling and the image analysis for: seedling length, growth index, uniformity index, vigor index, and germination. A Principal component analysis was applied to reduce the number of variables. Horsetail, Alfavaca and citronella extracts were efficient in increasing the physiological quality of the seeds of at least one cultivar. The Vigor-S® software proved to be efficient compared to traditional tests to assess the physiological quality of seeds. Principal Component Analysis is an ally to identify the best extracts and doses to be used. The image analysis method proved to be effective when compared to the traditional method and can therefore be used.
Os extratos de plantas medicinais são utilizados para o tratamento de sementes com o objetivo de diminuir a ação de fitopatógenos e aumentar o vigor das sementes. Atualmente, a análise computadorizada de imagens tem sido utilizada para avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de lotes de sementes. O objetivo foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de feijão-caupi tratadas com óleos essenciais, comparado com teste tradicional, análise imagem e a análise de componentes principais. Foram analisadas duas cultivares de feijão-caupi, BRS Tumucumaque e BRS Guariba, tratadas com doses de extratos naturais de alfavaca, alho, cavalinha, citronela e ácido pirolenhoso. O método tradicional consistiu em avaliações de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, emergência de plântulas, índice de velocidade de emergência, envelhecimento acelerado, matéria fresca e matéria seca da plântula e a análise de imagem para: comprimento da plântula, índice de crescimento, índice de uniformidade, índice de vigor e germinação. Uma análise de componentes principais foi aplicada para reduzir o número de variáveis. Os extratos de cavalinha, alfavaca e citronela foram eficientes em aumentar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de pelo menos uma cultivar. O software Vigor-S® mostrou-se eficiente em relação aos testes tradicionais para avaliação da qualidade fisiológica de sementes. A Análise de Componentes Principais é uma aliada para identificar os melhores extratos e doses a serem utilizados. O método de análise de imagens mostrou-se eficaz quando comparado ao método tradicional, podendo, portanto, ser utilizado.
Assuntos
Plantas Medicinais , Óleos Voláteis , Extratos Vegetais , Vigna/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do extrato aquoso de cinamomo (Melia azederach) no controle de Plasmopara viticola. Para o teste de germinação de esporângios do oomiceto foram utilizadas as concentrações de 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25 mL L-1 de extrato aquoso de cinamomo (EC), além dos tratamentos com mancozebe e calda bordalesa. No experimento em casa de vegetação e a campo foram estudadas as concentrações de 0, 30, 40 e 50 mL L-1 de EC (1:10 p/v), além de um tratamento com calda bordalesa (1:1:100). No segundo experimento, em condições de campo, os tratamentos foram: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 mL L-1 de EC, acrescidos de óleo vegetal a 2,5 mL L-1, calda bordalesa e testemunha absoluta. No teste de germinação, verificou-se maior inibição de P. viticola às 2 horas após a incubação, para as concentrações de 20 e 25 mL L-1 de EC com uma redução de 66,5 e 62,0%, respectivamente. Em condições de casa de vegetação o EC a 40 e 50 mL L-¹ apresentou reduções de 70,0% e 86,0% da doença, respectivamente. Enquanto que as mesmas concentrações, no primeiro ciclo do experimento a campo, apresentaram um decréscimo de 34,0% e 31,0%, respectivamente. No segundo ciclo, o uso de óleo vegetal como adjuvante mascarou o efeito do EC e a aplicação isolada de óleo vegetal reduziu em 76,3% a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD), similar aos resultados obtidos com todas as concentrações de EC e com a calda bordalesa. (AU)
ALTERNATIVE CONTROL OF DOWNY MILDEW WITH AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF CHINABERRY AND VEGETABLE OIL. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of chinaberry (Melia azedarach) in the control of Plasmopara viticola. For the germination test of sporangia of the oomycete, concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mL L-1 of aqueous extract of chinaberry (EC) were used, as well as treatments with mancozeb and bordeaux mixture. The experiment in the greenhouse and field involved concentrations of 0, 30, 40 and 50 mL L-1 of EC (1:10 w/v) and a treatment with bordeaux mixture (1:1:100 ). In the second experiment in the field the treatments were: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mL L-1 of EC with an added 2.5 mL L-1 of vegetable oil, the bordeaux mixture and an absolute control. In the germination test, there was highest inhibition of P. viticola at 2 hours after incubation at 20° C, for the 20 and 25 mL L-1 concentrations of the EC, with a reduction of 66.5 and 62.0%, respectively. In the greenhouse conditions, the EC at a concentration of 40 and 50 mL L-1 showed a reduction of 70.0% and 86.0% of the disease, respectively, while the same concentrations in the first cycle of the field experiment showed a decrease of 34.0% and 31.0%, respectively. However, in the second cycle, the use of vegetable oil as an adjunct masked the effect of the EC, and the isolated application of vegetable oil decreased the area under the disease progress curve (ADPC) by 76.3%, similar to results obtained with all concentrations of EC and with the bordeaux mixture. (AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Melia azedarach/classificação , Germinação/genética , Esporângios/metabolismo , Cinnamomum zeylanicum/classificaçãoRESUMO
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do extrato aquoso de cinamomo (Melia azederach) no controle de Plasmopara viticola. Para o teste de germinação de esporângios do oomiceto foram utilizadas as concentrações de 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25 mL L-1 de extrato aquoso de cinamomo (EC), além dos tratamentos com mancozebe e calda bordalesa. No experimento em casa de vegetação e a campo foram estudadas as concentrações de 0, 30, 40 e 50 mL L-1 de EC (1:10 p/v), além de um tratamento com calda bordalesa (1:1:100). No segundo experimento, em condições de campo, os tratamentos foram: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 mL L-1 de EC, acrescidos de óleo vegetal a 2,5 mL L-1, calda bordalesa e testemunha absoluta. No teste de germinação, verificou-se maior inibição de P. viticola às 2 horas após a incubação, para as concentrações de 20 e 25 mL L-1 de EC com uma redução de 66,5 e 62,0%, respectivamente. Em condições de casa de vegetação o EC a 40 e 50 mL L-¹ apresentou reduções de 70,0% e 86,0% da doença, respectivamente. Enquanto que as mesmas concentrações, no primeiro ciclo do experimento a campo, apresentaram um decréscimo de 34,0% e 31,0%, respectivamente. No segundo ciclo, o uso de óleo vegetal como adjuvante mascarou o efeito do EC e a aplicação isolada de óleo vegetal reduziu em 76,3% a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD), similar aos resultados obtidos com todas as concentrações de EC e com a calda bordalesa.
ALTERNATIVE CONTROL OF DOWNY MILDEW WITH AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF CHINABERRY AND VEGETABLE OIL. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of chinaberry (Melia azedarach) in the control of Plasmopara viticola. For the germination test of sporangia of the oomycete, concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mL L-1 of aqueous extract of chinaberry (EC) were used, as well as treatments with mancozeb and bordeaux mixture. The experiment in the greenhouse and field involved concentrations of 0, 30, 40 and 50 mL L-1 of EC (1:10 w/v) and a treatment with bordeaux mixture (1:1:100 ). In the second experiment in the field the treatments were: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mL L-1 of EC with an added 2.5 mL L-1 of vegetable oil, the bordeaux mixture and an absolute control. In the germination test, there was highest inhibition of P. viticola at 2 hours after incubation at 20° C, for the 20 and 25 mL L-1 concentrations of the EC, with a reduction of 66.5 and 62.0%, respectively. In the greenhouse conditions, the EC at a concentration of 40 and 50 mL L-1 showed a reduction of 70.0% and 86.0% of the disease, respectively, while the same concentrations in the first cycle of the field experiment showed a decrease of 34.0% and 31.0%, respectively. However, in the second cycle, the use of vegetable oil as an adjunct masked the effect of the EC, and the isolated application of vegetable oil decreased the area under the disease progress curve (ADPC) by 76.3%, similar to results obtained with all concentrations of EC and with the bordeaux mixture.