RESUMO
BACKGROUNG: Exposure to environmental pollutants in critical developmental windows may predispose the prostate to permanent changes in its homeostasis. Thus, it is essential to know the effects that environmental toxics, such as aluminum, can cause during the development of this gland. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of neonatal aluminum exposure on the ventral male prostate and the female prostate of 15 days old gerbils. METHODS: Male and female gerbils were exposed orally to 10â¯mg/kg/day of aluminum chloride from the 1st to the 14th postnatal day life. At 15 days of life, gerbils were euthanized and their prostates were collected for biometric, morphological, morphometric, immunohistochemical and three-dimensional reconstruction analyzes. RESULTS: Al exposure caused a reduction in body weight in males and a significant increase in serum testosterone levels in females. Prostate branching morphogenesis was intensified in males, who had greater length, number and area of prostatic epithelial buds. Additionally, Al altered the prostate hormonal regulation of males and females, causing up regulation of the androgen receptor and estrogen receptor alpha in the female prostate, and increased immunostaining of the androgen receptor in the ventral male prostate. These changes were associated with an increased rate of epithelial and stromal cell proliferation in both sexes. CONCLUSION: Together, these results indicate that Al altered the neonatal development of the prostate and that this metal acted as an endocrine disruptor in this gland.
RESUMO
The pollen spectrum of propolis is a good indicative of the phytogeographical origin of the bee product and the local flora available for bee visiting. The present study aimed to perform pollen analysis of propolis produced by Apis mellifera L., in the São Paulo State, Brazil. Propolis samples were directly obtained from beekeepers and slides were prepared for qualitative and quantitative analysis of pollen after propolis extraction. According to the results twenty-eight types of pollen were found and distributed in fifteen botanical families. Pollens from Mimosoideae and Myrtaceae types were found in all samples. In São Paulo State, there is a wide variety of vegetal sources which are components of the final propolis composition.
A análise do espectro polínico presente em amostras de própolis poderia ser um bom indicativo da origem fitogeográfica do produto e da flora local disponível para visitação pelas abelhas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar o levantamento polínico em amostras de própolis produzidas por abelhas Apis mellifera L., no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. As amostras de própolis foram obtidas diretamente de apicultores, processadas e lâminas foram confeccionadas para as análises qualitativas e quantitativas do pólen. De acordo com os resultados, foram encontrados 28 tipos de pólen distribuídos em 15 famílias botânicas identificadas, sendo que o pólen Tipo Mimosoideae e Myrtaceae foi encontrado em todas as amostras. Conclui-se que o estado de São Paulo apresenta ampla variedade de fontes vegetais que fazem parte da composição final da própolis.
Assuntos
Criação de Abelhas , Própole/análise , Tubo PolínicoRESUMO
The pollen spectrum of propolis is a good indicative of the phytogeographical origin of the bee product and the local flora available for bee visiting. The present study aimed to perform pollen analysis of propolis produced by Apis mellifera L., in the São Paulo State, Brazil. Propolis samples were directly obtained from beekeepers and slides were prepared for qualitative and quantitative analysis of pollen after propolis extraction. According to the results twenty-eight types of pollen were found and distributed in fifteen botanical families. Pollens from Mimosoideae and Myrtaceae types were found in all samples. In São Paulo State, there is a wide variety of vegetal sources which are components of the final propolis composition.(AU)
A análise do espectro polínico presente em amostras de própolis poderia ser um bom indicativo da origem fitogeográfica do produto e da flora local disponível para visitação pelas abelhas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar o levantamento polínico em amostras de própolis produzidas por abelhas Apis mellifera L., no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. As amostras de própolis foram obtidas diretamente de apicultores, processadas e lâminas foram confeccionadas para as análises qualitativas e quantitativas do pólen. De acordo com os resultados, foram encontrados 28 tipos de pólen distribuídos em 15 famílias botânicas identificadas, sendo que o pólen Tipo Mimosoideae e Myrtaceae foi encontrado em todas as amostras. Conclui-se que o estado de São Paulo apresenta ampla variedade de fontes vegetais que fazem parte da composição final da própolis.(AU)