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INTRODUCTION: Excess body weight and its comorbidities represent a major public health issue. Interventions based on diet and exercise have not only been shown to promote weight loss, but also improve overall health, including cardiovascular health. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 12-week hypocaloric low-carbohydrate (CHO) diet coupled with high-intensity functional training (HIFT) on the cardiometabolic risk of overweight adults. METHODS: This is a randomized controlled trial. A total of 31 overweight adults participated in this study, divided into two groups based on the dietary intervention: reduced-CHO (R-CHO, ≤130 g/day; n=15) and adequate-CHO (A-CHO, >130 g/day; n=16). The cardiometabolic risk was assessed using lipidaemic, insulinemia, and glycaemic parameters. A two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test was utilized to evaluate the effects of the intervention. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Participants from both groups displayed decreased low-density lipoprotein, very-low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and triacylglycerol concentrations, as well as the number of risk factors for the metabolic disease after 12 weeks. The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration of both groups increased after 12 weeks, however, the result of the intragroup analysis revealed that a significant increase was only observed in the participants from the A-CHO group. CONCLUSION: Reduced or adequate CHO intake was both found to be effective in reducing cardiometabolic risk. However, improvements in HDL and final cardiometabolic classification risk indicated that CHO adequacy in the diet might be a better strategy associated with caloric restriction and HIFT.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Exercício Físico , Restrição Calórica , Sobrepeso , Dieta com Restrição de Carboidratos , Fatores de Risco Cardiometabólico , UniversidadesRESUMO
Adherence to secondary prevention measures after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is essential to prevent disease recurrence. In Brazil, the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS, in Portuguese), and the private healthcare system (PHCS) coexist. We aimed to evaluate the adherence to secondary prevention in patients with ACS who were assisted by either SUS or PHCS. In this longitudinal prospective study, patients with ACS were admitted to the four cardiological reference hospitals of Sergipe, three of which assisted PHCS users, and one, SUS users. We analyzed the two patient care models with multiple logistic regression models for adherence to physical activity, pharmacotherapy, and smoking cessation. We enrolled 581 volunteers in this study: 44.1 % from SUS and 55.9 % from PHCS. PHCS users showed greater adherence to pharmacotherapy at both 30 and 180 (p = 0.001) days after ACS with better results in all classes of medications (p < 0.05) than SUS users did. They also showed better adherence to physical activity (p = 0.047). There was no distinction between the groups regarding smoking cessation. The secondary prevention measures after ACS were more effective in PHCS users than in SUS users due to better adherence, especially to pharmacotherapy and regular physical activity.
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Resumo O estudo teve como objetivo analisar a percepção de gestores e profissionais de saúde sobre o cuidado disponível para crianças e adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade no Sistema Único de Saúde em Sergipe, Brasil. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo e exploratório, com amostra composta por 46 atores e coleta de dados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. O cuidado existente foi percebido como falho e fragmentado, independentemente do nível de atenção à saúde. As principais dificuldades abrangeram o processo de trabalho, a gestão e organização do cuidado, a adesão familiar e a insuficiência de recursos. Potencialidades relacionadas à gestão, equipes e profissionais, que poderiam contribuir para a implantação de uma linha de cuidado integral, foram também identificadas. Contudo, a organização do cuidado à obesidade infantil ainda requer uma conectividade dos papéis e tarefas dos diversos atores, por meio da pactuação e corresponsabilização entre os serviços, profissionais e a família.
Abstract The study aimed to analyze the perception of health managers and professionals on the care of children and adolescents with overweight and obesity in the Unified Health System of Sergipe, Brazil. This is a qualitative and exploratory study with sample composed of 46 actors and semi-structured interviews as data collection method. The existing care was perceived as poor and fragmented, regardless of the health care level. The main difficulties were the professionals' work process, care management and organization, family support and insufficient resources. Potentialities related to management, teams and professionals, which could contribute to the implementation of a comprehensive care line, were also identified. However, the organization of care for child obesity still requires the connectivity of different actors' roles and tasks, with the agreement and co-responsibility between services, professionals and family.
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Humanos , Percepção , Sistema Único de Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde , Assistência Integral à Saúde , Gestor de Saúde , Obesidade Infantil , BrasilRESUMO
Abstract Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), with and without ST-segment elevation (STEMI and NSTEMI, respectively), is the principal cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Brazil and around the world. Modifiable risk factors (RF) and quality of life (QOL) may correlate with the type of AMI. Objective To evaluate the influence of QOL and RF on the type of AMI and in-hospital cardiovascular events in STEMI and NSTEMI patients. Methods This was an observational, cross-sectional study. Patients with AMI attending four referral hospitals (three private and one public) for cardiovascular disease treatment were assessed for QOL using the Brazilian version of the 36-item short form survey. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results We evaluated 480 volunteers; 51% were treated in one of the private hospitals. In total, 55.6% presented with STEMI, and 44.4% with NSTEMI. Patients from the public hospital were 8.56 times more likely to have STEMI compared to those from the private hospitals. There was a higher prevalence of smokers in STEMI (p < 0.028) patients. QOL was not associated with the type of AMI. A negative patient perception of the physical health and pain domains was observed. Although a significant difference between the physical and the mental health domains was not observed, individual domains were correlated with some in-hospital outcomes. Conclusion There was a higher prevalence of smokers among individuals with STEMI. Domains of QOL showed a statistically significant relationship with the occurrence of in-hospital cardiovascular events, with no difference between the types of AMI.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Qualidade de Vida , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/prevenção & controle , Infarto do Miocárdio sem Supradesnível do Segmento ST/prevenção & controle , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/epidemiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio sem Supradesnível do Segmento ST/epidemiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/epidemiologia , Hospitalização , Estilo de VidaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To associate dietary patterns and food neophobia in low-income preschoolers. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study using a semi-structured questionnaire for socio-demographic data, birth conditions and breast-feeding history. Food neophobia was assessed using an adapted version of the Child Food Neophobia Scale. Children's nutritional status was assessed using BMI-for-age and height-for-age Z-scores. Dietary patterns were estimated using a semi-quantitative FFQ through exploratory factor analysis. Multiple linear regression was used to test for an association between food neophobia and dietary pattern adherence. SETTING: Philanthropic childhood education schools in Aracaju, an urban community in northeastern Brazil, between July and December 2017. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred fourteen children aged 3-6 years and their parents. RESULTS: The percentages of low/medium and high food neophobia among preschoolers were 85·9 % and 11·2 %, respectively. Children with high food neophobia more frequently consumed ultra-processed foods rich in sugars (snacks, filled and unfilled cookies and sweets), as well as protein-rich foods (white meat, cheese and yogurt). Three dietary patterns were identified (traditional, snacks and school snacks). Children with a high level of neophobia had lower adherence to traditional dietary patterns. CONCLUSIONS: A high level of food neophobia among socially vulnerable preschoolers is an eating behaviour related to unhealthy eating and is associated with the poorest diet in typical foods.
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Transtorno Alimentar Restritivo Evitativo , Preferências Alimentares , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Dieta , Comportamento Alimentar , HumanosRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective To identify cut-off points of neck circumference measurement to predict insulin resistance in adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional analysis with data derived from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents, nationwide, multicenter, school-based survey. We evaluated 901 adolescents, aged 12 to 17, from public and private schools in two cities of Sergipe state in Brazil. We measured demographic, anthropometric, and biochemical data, and insulin resistance using Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance. We used multiple linear regression and logistic analysis to evaluate the association between dependent variables (biochemical) and independent variables (anthropometric) controlled by body mass index, age, gender, and Tanner's stage. We used the Receiver operating characteristic curve to determine cut-off points of neck circumference that can identify insulin resistance. Results The multiple linear regression analysis showed a positive association between neck circumference measurement with fasting glycemia and glycated hemoglobin (p<0.001) and a negative association with insulin (p<0.024). Furthermore, in logistic regression, the measurement of neck circumference was the only anthropometric indicator positively correlated with homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance. The cut-off points of neck circumference for predicting insulin resistance were: 30.55cm for female pubertal and 32.10cm for post-pubertal adolescents; 35.90cm for male pubertal adolescents and 36.65cm for post-pubertal adolescents. Conclusions The measurement of neck circumference is a simple, practical anthropometric indicator and can be used as a screening tool to identify insulin resistance in adolescents.
RESUMO Objetivo Identificar pontos de corte da medida da circunferência do pescoço que possam predizer a resistência à insulina em adolescentes. Métodos Estudo transversal com uma subamostra do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes, um estudo multicêntrico nacional. Avaliaram-se 901 adolescentes de 12 a 17 anos de duas cidades do estado de Sergipe, Brasil. Fatores demográficos, antropométricos e bioquímicos e a resistência à insulina pelo homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance foram mensurados. A associação entre as variáveis dependentes (bioquímicas) e independentes (antropométricas), controladas pelo índice de massa corporal, idade, sexo e estadiamento de Tanner, foi avaliada pela análise de regressão linear múltipla e logística, e a curva característica de operação do receptor foi utilizada para determinar os pontos de corte da circunferência do pescoço na predição da resistência à insulina. Resultados A análise de regressão linear múltipla mostrou uma associação positiva entre a medida da circunferência do pescoço com a glicemia de jejum e a hemoglobina glicada (p<0,001) e negativa com a insulina (p<0,024). Na regressão logística, a medida da circunferência do pescoço foi o único indicador antropométrico que se correlacionou positivamente com o Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance. Os pontos de corte da circunferência do pescoço para predição da resistência à insulina em adolescentes foram: 30,55cm feminino púberes e 32,10cm feminino pós-púberes; 35,90cm masculino púberes e 36,65cm masculino pós-púberes. Conclusão A medida da circunferência do pescoço é um indicador antropométrico simples e prático e pode ser utilizada como instrumento de triagem para identificar a resistência à insulina em adolescentes.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Resistência à Insulina , Adolescente , Pescoço , AntropometriaRESUMO
Abstract Background: Having appropriate dietary habits is part of the recommendations after ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), however, the quality of intra-hospital nutritional counselling in the different health services has been minimally explored. Objective: To evaluate the quality of intra-hospital nutritional counselling among patients with STEMI in the public and private health systems in Sergipe. Methods: A cross-sectional, with data from the Via Crucis for the Treatment of Myocardial Infarction (VICTIM) Register, conducted from April to November of 2017, with individuals aged ≥ 18 years diagnosed with STEMI, in one public health service hospital and three private hospitals. The occurrence and quality of nutritional counselling were analyzed based on current guidelines and the administration of questionnaires. A significance level of 0.05 was adopted. Results: A total of 188 patients were analyzed; 80.3% were from the public health service facility. Among the interviewees, 57.6% of the public health service, and 70.3% of the private hospital patients received intra-hospital nutritional counselling (p = 0.191). The documentation of this practice, in medical records, was lower in the public service (2.6% vs. 37.8%, p < 0.001). A predominance of restrictive orientations was found in the public and private sectors, mainly regarding salt and fat, 52.3% and 70.3% respectively (p = 0.064). Patients from the private service were more counselling to introduce of cardioprotective foods, mainly fruit, vegetable/legume consumption (48.6% vs. 13.2%, p < 0.001). Among those who received counselling, nutritional knowledge was higher in the private sector (68.2% vs. 26.3%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The intra-hospital nutritional counselling provided to patients with STEMI, in Sergipe, still presents poor quality in both services, especially in the public health system.
Resumo Fundamento: A adequação dos hábitos alimentares faz parte das recomendações pós-infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMcSST); contudo, tem sido pouco explorada a qualidade da orientação nutricional intra-hospitalar nos diferentes serviços de saúde. Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade da orientação nutricional intra-hospitalar entre pacientes com IAMcSST nas redes de saúde pública e privada em Sergipe. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com dados do Registro Via Crucis para o Tratamento do Infarto do Miocárdio (VICTIM), realizado de abril a novembro de 2017 com indivíduos com idade ≥ 18 anos, diagnosticados com IAMcSST em um hospital público e três privados. Analisaram-se a ocorrência de orientação nutricional e a sua qualidade com base nas diretrizes atuais e por meio de aplicação de questionários, sendo adotado nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: Foram avaliados 188 voluntários, sendo 80,3% do serviço público. Dentre os entrevistados, 57,6% da rede pública e 70,3% da privada receberam orientação nutricional intra-hospitalar (p = 0,191). O registro dessa prática em prontuário foi menor no serviço público (2,6% versus 37,8%; p < 0,001). Verificou-se o predomínio das orientações restritivas, sobretudo de sal e gorduras, 52,3% e 70,3% no público e no privado, respectivamente (p = 0,064). Quanto à inserção de alimentos cardioprotetores, pacientes da rede privada foram mais beneficiados, principalmente quanto ao consumo de frutas e verduras/legumes (48,6% versus 13,2%, p < 0,001). Entre aqueles que receberam orientação, o conhecimento nutricional foi maior no sistema privado (68,2% versus 26,3%, p < 0,001). Conclusão: A orientação nutricional intra-hospitalar para o IAMcSST em Sergipe apresenta baixa qualidade em ambos os serviços de saúde, sobretudo no público.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Educação em Saúde/normas , Hospitais Privados/estatística & dados numéricos , Aconselhamento/normas , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/dietoterapia , Dieta Saudável/normas , Hospitais Públicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Brasil , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Educação em Saúde/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Aconselhamento/métodos , Autorrelato , Dieta Saudável/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is responsible for high rates of hospital admission and readmission, which are associated with increased costs for the patient and the health system, and increased in-hospital mortality rates. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate readmission in patients with ACS and its determinants. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of adult and elderly patients with ACS, readmitted to public and private referral cardiology hospitals within one year after the first hospitalization for ACS. The occurrence of readmissions, the time elapsed from the first to the second admission, and the use of medications at admission were collected from the medical records. Associations between categorical variables were evaluated by the chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors for readmissions. A p < 0.05 was set as statistically significant. RESULTS: Readmission rate was 21.5% (n = 115) and mean time between admissions was 122.7 ± 112.1 days. The patients were mostly men (64.0%), mean age of 63.15 ± 12.3 years. Among readmitted patients, 7% had a prognosis of "death", and 68.7% were readmitted more than once within a one-year period. The main reasons of readmission were cardiovascular diseases including ACS. Private health care and the diagnosis of congestive heart failure were associated with multiple logistic regression. CONCLUSION: ACS was the main cause of readmission, with higher prevalence among users of supplemental health care. Readmissions were associated with previous diagnosis of congestive heart failure and the type of health care provided.
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Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/terapia , Readmissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/mortalidade , Idoso , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Having appropriate dietary habits is part of the recommendations after ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), however, the quality of intra-hospital nutritional counselling in the different health services has been minimally explored. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of intra-hospital nutritional counselling among patients with STEMI in the public and private health systems in Sergipe. METHODS: A cross-sectional, with data from the Via Crucis for the Treatment of Myocardial Infarction (VICTIM) Register, conducted from April to November of 2017, with individuals aged ≥ 18 years diagnosed with STEMI, in one public health service hospital and three private hospitals. The occurrence and quality of nutritional counselling were analyzed based on current guidelines and the administration of questionnaires. A significance level of 0.05 was adopted. RESULTS: A total of 188 patients were analyzed; 80.3% were from the public health service facility. Among the interviewees, 57.6% of the public health service, and 70.3% of the private hospital patients received intra-hospital nutritional counselling (p = 0.191). The documentation of this practice, in medical records, was lower in the public service (2.6% vs. 37.8%, p < 0.001). A predominance of restrictive orientations was found in the public and private sectors, mainly regarding salt and fat, 52.3% and 70.3% respectively (p = 0.064). Patients from the private service were more counselling to introduce of cardioprotective foods, mainly fruit, vegetable/legume consumption (48.6% vs. 13.2%, p < 0.001). Among those who received counselling, nutritional knowledge was higher in the private sector (68.2% vs. 26.3%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The intra-hospital nutritional counselling provided to patients with STEMI, in Sergipe, still presents poor quality in both services, especially in the public health system.
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Aconselhamento/normas , Dieta Saudável/normas , Educação em Saúde/normas , Hospitais Privados/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Públicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/dietoterapia , Idoso , Brasil , Aconselhamento/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Dieta Saudável/métodos , Feminino , Educação em Saúde/métodos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde , Fatores de Risco , Autorrelato , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
Abstract Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is responsible for high rates of hospital admission and readmission, which are associated with increased costs for the patient and the health system, and increased in-hospital mortality rates. Objective: To evaluate readmission in patients with ACS and its determinants. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of adult and elderly patients with ACS, readmitted to public and private referral cardiology hospitals within one year after the first hospitalization for ACS. The occurrence of readmissions, the time elapsed from the first to the second admission, and the use of medications at admission were collected from the medical records. Associations between categorical variables were evaluated by the chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors for readmissions. A p < 0.05 was set as statistically significant. Results: Readmission rate was 21.5% (n = 115) and mean time between admissions was 122.7 ± 112.1 days. The patients were mostly men (64.0%), mean age of 63.15 ± 12.3 years. Among readmitted patients, 7% had a prognosis of "death", and 68.7% were readmitted more than once within a one-year period. The main reasons of readmission were cardiovascular diseases including ACS. Private health care and the diagnosis of congestive heart failure were associated with multiple logistic regression. Conclusion: ACS was the main cause of readmission, with higher prevalence among users of supplemental health care. Readmissions were associated with previous diagnosis of congestive heart failure and the type of health care provided.
Resumo Fundamento: A síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA) é responsável por elevados números de admissões e readmissões hospitalares, os quais estão associados ao aumento dos custos para o paciente e para o sistema de saúde, bem como à elevação nas taxas de mortalidade hospitalar. Objetivo: Investigar a reinternação entre pacientes com SCA e seus determinantes. Métodos: Trata-se de uma coorte retrospectiva de pacientes de ambos os sexos, adultos e idosos, diagnosticados com SCA. Foram avaliados, a partir dos registros dos hospitais locais públicos e privados de referência em cardiologia, a ocorrência de reinternação em até 1 ano após internação por SCA, o tempo entre as admissões e o uso de medicamentos no momento da reinternação. As variáveis categóricas foram associadas por meio do teste qui-quadrado, ou pelo teste exato de Fisher. Regressão logística múltipla foi utilizada para avaliar as variáveis preditoras da reinternação. Adotou-se como critério de significância estatística um valor de p < 0,05. Resultados: A ocorrência de reinternações foi de 21,46% (n = 115), e o período médio entre as internações foi de 122,74 (DP 112,14) dias. Os pacientes avaliados eram, em sua maioria, do sexo masculino (64,0%), com média de idade de 63,15 anos (DP 12,26). Sete por cento apresentaram óbito como prognóstico da reinternação, e 68,7% tiveram mais de uma reinternação em 1 ano. As causas cardiovasculares, entre elas a recorrência da SCA, foram as mais prevalentes entre as reinternações hospitalares. A assistência privada e o diagnóstico de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (ICC) foram associados a reinternação após a regressão logística múltipla. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a SCA foi a principal causa de reinternação, sendo mais prevalente entre os usuários da rede suplementar de saúde. As reinternações associaram-se ao diagnóstico prévio de ICC e ao tipo de assitência à saúde.