RESUMO
Background: Osteosyntheses, orthopedic surgeries that cause highly painful stimulation, are increasingly common inveterinary medicine. Epidural anesthesia is used to provide intraoperative and postoperative analgesia in mammals undergoing pelvic limb surgery. In birds, the synsacrum, the bone originating from the fusion of the lumbar and sacral vertebrae,makes this route inapplicable, thus peripheral nerve block is an easier option in this species. This report describes a caseof local hypersensitivity following the association of lidocaine and bupivacaine in anesthetic blocks of the femoral andsciatic nerves in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus).Case: A study was conducted in chickens evaluating the effectiveness of anesthetic sciatic and femoral nerve blocks, guidedby a neural stimulator. Thirty-two 42-day-old male chickens of the species Gallus gallus domesticus, double breasted,weighing 1.86 ± 0.5 kg, were randomly divided into four groups: control (CG), lidocaine (LG), bupivacaine (BC) andthe association of lidocaine and bupivacaine (LBG). The doses used were 4 mg/kg of 2% lidocaine and 2 mg/kg of 0.5%bupivacaine, without vasoconstrictor. For CG, 0.9% NaCl solution was used, respecting the total volume of 1 mL/kg.Only one bird from the LBG showed side effects, presenting sensory and motor loss for 24 h after the administration ofthese drugs, before euthanasia was performed using anesthetic induction with isoflurane through a face mask, followedby the intravenous administration of propofol and then potassium chloride. The chicken was submitted to a necropsy andmacroscopically, soft, irregular, brownish lesions with a grayish focus were observed...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Galinhas/cirurgia , Anestesia/veterinária , Bloqueio Nervoso/veterinária , Lidocaína , Bupivacaína , IsofluranoRESUMO
Background: Osteosyntheses, orthopedic surgeries that cause highly painful stimulation, are increasingly common inveterinary medicine. Epidural anesthesia is used to provide intraoperative and postoperative analgesia in mammals undergoing pelvic limb surgery. In birds, the synsacrum, the bone originating from the fusion of the lumbar and sacral vertebrae,makes this route inapplicable, thus peripheral nerve block is an easier option in this species. This report describes a caseof local hypersensitivity following the association of lidocaine and bupivacaine in anesthetic blocks of the femoral andsciatic nerves in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus).Case: A study was conducted in chickens evaluating the effectiveness of anesthetic sciatic and femoral nerve blocks, guidedby a neural stimulator. Thirty-two 42-day-old male chickens of the species Gallus gallus domesticus, double breasted,weighing 1.86 ± 0.5 kg, were randomly divided into four groups: control (CG), lidocaine (LG), bupivacaine (BC) andthe association of lidocaine and bupivacaine (LBG). The doses used were 4 mg/kg of 2% lidocaine and 2 mg/kg of 0.5%bupivacaine, without vasoconstrictor. For CG, 0.9% NaCl solution was used, respecting the total volume of 1 mL/kg.Only one bird from the LBG showed side effects, presenting sensory and motor loss for 24 h after the administration ofthese drugs, before euthanasia was performed using anesthetic induction with isoflurane through a face mask, followedby the intravenous administration of propofol and then potassium chloride. The chicken was submitted to a necropsy andmacroscopically, soft, irregular, brownish lesions with a grayish focus were observed...
Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Anestesia/veterinária , Bloqueio Nervoso/veterinária , Galinhas/cirurgia , Bupivacaína , Isoflurano , LidocaínaRESUMO
Background: Mastectomy, a procedure with high pain stimulation, is the treatment of choice for bitches with breast cancer. Tumescent anaesthesia is widely used for transoperative and postoperative analgesia in bitches submitted to mastectomy, because facilitates tissue divulsion, also contributing significantly for the rapid recovery of patients. Although, there is no consensus as to which local anesthetic to use and at what concentration it should be used. Herein was investigated which local anesthetics, lidocaine or ropivacaine, when used in tumescent solutions, could provide a more lasting analgesic effect in the postoperative period in bitches submitted to radical unilateral mastectomy. Materials, Methods & Results: Sixteen bitches were sedated with chlorpromazine (0.3 mg/kg) and meperidine (3 mg/kg) followed by anesthesia with propofol and isofluorane. Then, bitches were randomly assigned to two groups (n= 8 each): LG group, infused with 15 mL/kg of tumescence solution containing 0.1% lidocaine; and RG group, infused with 15 mL/kg of tumescence solution with 0.1% ropivacaine. The study was conducted in a double-blind fashion. Control group did not include, because the patients would be submitted to severe or unbearable pain, according to the short-form of the Glasgow pain Scale (CMPS-SF). The heart (HR) and respiratory () rates, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured in the pre-operative period and immediately after extubation (Mextub) and at 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, and 12 h after the extubation. Analgesic efficacy was assessed using the CMPS-SF and von Frey filaments. Both groups showed higher means for HR at 0.5 h (167 ± 7 in LG; 170 ± 7 in RG) than at 4 h (117 ± 7 in LG; 120 ± 7 in RG). CMPS-SF revealed higher medians (P = 0.038) at the Mextub and 12 h time points for the LG [5 (3-6) and 1 (0-2)] than for the RG [5 (2-5) and 0 (0-1)]. Discussion: Pain was excluded as a possible explanation...
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Cães , Anestésicos Combinados/análise , Lidocaína , Mastectomia/veterinária , Ropivacaina , Anestésicos Locais , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/cirurgiaRESUMO
This paper evaluated the effects of the ratio of nitrous oxide to oxygen (50% of each) on cardiovascular parameters in pigs anesthetized with propofol and maintained in ventilation with intermittent positive pressure. Sixteen Large White pigs, weighing between 15 and 20 kg, were divided into two groups of eight animals, and designated as follows: GPN (propofol/nitrous oxide) and GPA (propofol/compressed air). In order to allow endotracheal intubation, the animals received azaperone (2 mg kg-1, IM) followed, after 20 minutes, by intravenous propofol. After successful intubation, continuous infusion of propofol was initiated at a dose of 0.4 mg kg-1minute-1. From this point, the GPN group received N2O (diluted in 50% oxygen), while the GPA group received compressed air (diluted in 50% oxygen). Rocuronium was then administered by continuous intravenous infusion at 0.6 mg kg-1h-1. Pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) was started and adjusted to 15 cmH2O, and the respiratory rate was set to reach capnometry readings between 35-45 mmHg. The measurement of parameters (heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index, stroke index) begun 15 minutes after the administration of rocuronium, and was repeated in 15-minute intervals for 60 minutes. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test. The results showed that the 1:1 ratio combination of nitrous oxide to oxygen (50% each) did not alter the mentioned parameters in pigsanesthetized with propofol and maintained at pressure-controlled ventilation, indicating that it is a safeprotocol for the cardiovascular system.(AU)
Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os efeitos da associação de óxido nitroso (N2O) ao oxigênio, na proporção de 50% cada, sobre os parâmetros cardiovasculares em suínos anestesiados com propofol e mantidos em ventilação com pressão positiva intermitente. Para isso, foram utilizados 16 suínos da raça Large White com pesos entre 15 e 20 kg, distribuídos em dois grupos de oito animais cada, assim nomeados: GPN (GrupoPropofol/Óxidonitroso) e GPA (GrupoPropofol/Arcomprimido). Os animais receberam azaperona (2mgkg-1,IM) e após 20 minutos, administrou-se propofol por via intravenosa, em doses suficientes para permitir a intubação traqueal. Após intubação, iniciou-se a infusão contínua de propofol na dose de 0,4mgkg-1minuto-1. A partir deste momento, os animais do GPN receberam N2O diluído em 50% de oxigênio e os do GPA, ar comprimido diluído em 50% de oxigênio. Ato contínuo, administrou-se, por infusão intravenosa contínua, rocurônio a 0,6mgkg-1h-1. A ventilação controlada a pressão (VCP) foi iniciada e ajustada a 15cmH2O e a freqüência respiratória foi regulada para alcançar valores de capnometria entre 35-45mmHg. A medição dos parâmetros (freqüência cardíaca, pressão arterial média, índice cardíaco, índice da resistência periférica total, índice sistólico) iniciou-se após 15 minutos da administração de rocurônio, repetindo-se a cada 15 minutos, durante um intervalo de 60 minutos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística pela ANOVA seguida pelo teste de Bonferroni.Os resultados mostraram que a associação do óxido nitroso ao oxigênio na proporção de 50% cada emsuíno anestesiado com propofol e mantido em ventilação controlada à pressão não provoca alteraçõescardiovasculares clinicamente relevantes.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Suínos/metabolismo , Suínos/fisiologia , Óxido Nitroso/efeitos adversos , Anestesia em Procedimentos Cardíacos , Anestesia , Propofol/administração & dosagemRESUMO
This paper evaluated the effects of the ratio of nitrous oxide to oxygen (50% of each) on cardiovascular parameters in pigs anesthetized with propofol and maintained in ventilation with intermittent positive pressure. Sixteen Large White pigs, weighing between 15 and 20 kg, were divided into two groups of eight animals, and designated as follows: GPN (propofol/nitrous oxide) and GPA (propofol/compressed air). In order to allow endotracheal intubation, the animals received azaperone (2 mg kg-1, IM) followed, after 20 minutes, by intravenous propofol. After successful intubation, continuous infusion of propofol was initiated at a dose of 0.4 mg kg-1minute-1. From this point, the GPN group received N2O (diluted in 50% oxygen), while the GPA group received compressed air (diluted in 50% oxygen). Rocuronium was then administered by continuous intravenous infusion at 0.6 mg kg-1h-1. Pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) was started and adjusted to 15 cmH2O, and the respiratory rate was set to reach capnometry readings between 35-45 mmHg. The measurement of parameters (heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index, stroke index) begun 15 minutes after the administration of rocuronium, and was repeated in 15-minute intervals for 60 minutes. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test. The results showed that the 1:1 ratio combination of nitrous oxide to oxygen (50% each) did not alter the mentioned parameters in pigsanesthetized with propofol and maintained at pressure-controlled ventilation, indicating that it is a safeprotocol for the cardiovascular system.
Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os efeitos da associação de óxido nitroso (N2O) ao oxigênio, na proporção de 50% cada, sobre os parâmetros cardiovasculares em suínos anestesiados com propofol e mantidos em ventilação com pressão positiva intermitente. Para isso, foram utilizados 16 suínos da raça Large White com pesos entre 15 e 20 kg, distribuídos em dois grupos de oito animais cada, assim nomeados: GPN (GrupoPropofol/Óxidonitroso) e GPA (GrupoPropofol/Arcomprimido). Os animais receberam azaperona (2mgkg-1,IM) e após 20 minutos, administrou-se propofol por via intravenosa, em doses suficientes para permitir a intubação traqueal. Após intubação, iniciou-se a infusão contínua de propofol na dose de 0,4mgkg-1minuto-1. A partir deste momento, os animais do GPN receberam N2O diluído em 50% de oxigênio e os do GPA, ar comprimido diluído em 50% de oxigênio. Ato contínuo, administrou-se, por infusão intravenosa contínua, rocurônio a 0,6mgkg-1h-1. A ventilação controlada a pressão (VCP) foi iniciada e ajustada a 15cmH2O e a freqüência respiratória foi regulada para alcançar valores de capnometria entre 35-45mmHg. A medição dos parâmetros (freqüência cardíaca, pressão arterial média, índice cardíaco, índice da resistência periférica total, índice sistólico) iniciou-se após 15 minutos da administração de rocurônio, repetindo-se a cada 15 minutos, durante um intervalo de 60 minutos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística pela ANOVA seguida pelo teste de Bonferroni.Os resultados mostraram que a associação do óxido nitroso ao oxigênio na proporção de 50% cada emsuíno anestesiado com propofol e mantido em ventilação controlada à pressão não provoca alteraçõescardiovasculares clinicamente relevantes.
Assuntos
Animais , Anestesia em Procedimentos Cardíacos , Suínos/fisiologia , Suínos/metabolismo , Óxido Nitroso/efeitos adversos , Anestesia , Propofol/administração & dosagemRESUMO
This paper evaluated the effects of the ratio of nitrous oxide to oxygen (50% of each) on cardiovascular parameters in pigs anesthetized with propofol and maintained in ventilation with intermittent positive pressure. Sixteen Large White pigs, weighing between 15 and 20 kg, were divided into two groups of eight animals, and designated as follows: GPN (propofol/nitrous oxide) and GPA (propofol/compressed air). In order to allow endotracheal intubation, the animals received azaperone (2 mg kg-1, IM) followed, after 20 minutes, by intravenous propofol. After successful intubation, continuous infusion of propofol was initiated at a dose of 0.4 mg kg-1minute-1. From this point, the GPN group received N2O (diluted in 50% oxygen), while the GPA group received compressed air (diluted in 50% oxygen). Rocuronium was then administered by continuous intravenous infusion at 0.6 mg kg-1h-1. Pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) was started and adjusted to 15 cmH2O, and the respiratory rate was set to reach capnometry readings between 35-45 mmHg. The measurement of parameters (heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index, stroke index) begun 15 minutes after the administration of rocuronium, and was repeated in 15-minute intervals for 60 minutes. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test. The results showed that the 1:1 rati
Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os efeitos da associação de óxido nitroso (N2O) ao oxigênio, na proporção de 50% cada, sobre os parâmetros cardiovasculares em suínos anestesiados com propofol e mantidos em ventilação com pressão positiva intermitente. Para isso, foram utilizados 16 suínos da raça Large White com pesos entre 15 e 20 kg, distribuídos em dois grupos de oito animais cada, assim nomeados: GPN (GrupoPropofol/Óxidonitroso) e GPA (GrupoPropofol/Arcomprimido). Os animais receberam azaperona (2mgkg-1,IM) e após 20 minutos, administrou-se propofol por via intravenosa, em doses suficientes para permitir a intubação traqueal. Após intubação, iniciou-se a infusão contínua de propofol na dose de 0,4mgkg-1minuto-1. A partir deste momento, os animais do GPN receberam N2O diluído em 50% de oxigênio e os do GPA, ar comprimido diluído em 50% de oxigênio. Ato contínuo, administrou-se, por infusão intravenosa contínua, rocurônio a 0,6mgkg-1h-1. A ventilação controlada a pressão (VCP) foi iniciada e ajustada a 15cmH2O e a freqüência respiratória foi regulada para alcançar valores de capnometria entre 35-45mmHg. A medição dos parâmetros (freqüência cardíaca, pressão arterial média, índice cardíaco, índice da resistência periférica total, índice sistólico) iniciou-se após 15 minutos da administração de rocurônio, repetindo-se a cada 15 minutos, durante um intervalo de 60 minutos