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BACKGROUND: To access the occurrence of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw (BAONJ) in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational studies that evaluated the occurrence of BAONJ in individuals with RA (BAONJ-RA) were considered for inclusion. Electronic searches were performed up to December 2022 in six databases and in the grey literature. The study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment of the included studies according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists was performed. The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. RESULTS: Five studies were included three cohort and two cross-sectional. The sample size of subjects with RA ranged from 16 to 3201. Together, the studies presented 36 cases of BAONJ-RA. Prevalence of BAONJ-RA ranged from 0.094% to 56.25%. The incidence ranged from 0.4% to 2.21. Women between the 6th and 8th decade of life were the most affected. Alendronate (n=5) and zoledronic acid (n=9), orally and intravenously, respectively, were the most used bisphosphonates. The duration of bisphosphonates use ranged from 2.7 to 8 years. The certainty of evidence was very low. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of BAONJ-RA is low. However, the certainty of the evidence was very low for this outcome.

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Evaluated the levels of rain tree (Samanea saman) pod meal (RTPM) (0, 10, 15, 20 and 25%) replacing maize in the dry matter of the diet on intake of DM, CP and ME, creatinine and total purine derivatives excretion in urine and microbial protein synthesis in lambs. Twenty-five uncastrated Bergamasca lambs were used, with an initial body weight of 24±5kg and an average age of 120 days. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments and five replications. The trial lasted 84 days and the 24h and spot urine collections were performed in the last day of the experiment. The intake was not affected (P>0.05), the urine volume and daily creatinine excretion were influenced (P<0.05) by RTPM replacing maize, observing increasing linear effect and cubic variation (P<0.05), respectively. The cubic and quadratic components were significant (P<0.05) for the excretion of total purine derivatives, absorbed purines, and microbial synthesis. The cubic variation, with peaks at 5% and 18% replacement for urinary excretion of creatinine and purine derivatives, indicates that the levels used of RTPM affected the renal activity of lambs. Substitution of maize by RTPM up to 10% enhances efficiency of rumen microbial crude protein synthesis.

Avaliaram-se os níveis de farinha de vagem de Samanea saman (0, 10, 15, 20 e 25%) em substituição ao milho na matéria seca da dieta sobre o consumo de MS, PB e EM, a excreção urinária de creatinina e de derivados de purina totais e a síntese de proteína microbiana em cordeiros. Foram utilizados 25 cordeiros Bergamácia, não castrados, peso corporal inicial de 24±5kg e idade média de 120 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. O experimento durou 84 dias e as coletas de urina spot e de 24h foram realizadas no último dia do experimento. O consumo não foi afetado (P>0,05), o volume de urina e a excreção diária de creatinina foram influenciados (P<0,05) por S. Saman substituindo o milho, observando-se efeito linear crescente e variação cúbica (P<0,05), respectivamente. Os componentes cúbicos e quadráticos foram significativos (P<0,05) para a excreção de derivados de purina totais, purinas absorvidas e síntese microbiana. A variação cúbica, com picos em 5% e 18% de substituição para a excreção urinária de creatinina e de derivados de purina, indica que os níveis utilizados de S. saman afetaram a atividade renal de cordeiros. Substituição do milho por farelo de vagem de S. saman até 10% aumenta a eficiência de síntese de proteína bruta microbiana.

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The aim of the study was to evaluate whether supplementation with different levels of selenium (Se) can change the biochemical and electrolytic components of semen, causing an improvement in seminal quality in rams. Thirty animals were kept in an intensive pen system, fed with hay and commercial ration, allocated into five groups (six animals/pen) and supplemented with a mineral mixture containing Omg (G1), 5mg (G2), 10mg (G3), 15mg (G4) and 20mg (G5) of Se/kg. Each group received a different treatment every 56 days and treatments were rotated between groups following a dynamic sequence. Semen samples were collected by electroejaculation after the end of each treatment to evaluate the levels of fructose, citric acid, potassium (K), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), Se, zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), sulfur (S) and lead (Pb). The statistical design was a 5x5 Latin square. The different levels of Se supplementation evaluated maintained the concentrations of electrolytes and minerals in the semen at the required levels and did not change the sperm quality, concluding that higher intakes of Se do not cause antagonistic effects on the absorption and subsequent action of other essential minerals supplied to the animals and still maintains electrolyte balance.

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar se a suplementação com diferentes níveis de selênio (Se) pode alterar os componentes bioquímicos e eletrolíticos do sêmen, ocasionando, por conseguinte, uma melhoria na qualidade seminal em carneiros. Foram utilizados 30 animais, mantidos em sistema intensivo de baias, alimentados com feno e ração comercial, sendo alocados em cinco grupos (seis animais/baia) e suplementados com uma mistura mineral contendo 0mg (G1), 5mg (G2), 10mg (G3), 15mg (G4) e 20mg (G5) de Se/kg. Cada grupo recebeu um tratamento diferente a cada 56 dias, e foi realizado um rodízio de tratamentos entre os grupos seguindo uma sequência dinâmica. Amostras de sêmen foram colhidas por eletroejaculação após o fim de cada tratamento, a fim de se avaliarem os níveis de frutose, ácido cítrico, potássio (K), sódio (Na), cálcio (Ca), Se, zinco (Zn), manganês (Mn), enxofre (S) e chumbo (Pb). O desenho estatístico foi um quadrado latino 5x5. Os diferentes níveis de suplementação de Se avaliados mantiveram as concentrações de eletrólitos e de minerais do sêmen nos níveis exigidos e não modificaram a qualidade espermática, concluindo-se que maiores ingestões de Se não causam efeitos antagônicos na absorção e subsequente ação de outros minerais essenciais fornecidos aos animais e ainda mantêm o equilíbrio eletrolítico.

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The severe side-effects elicited by conventional antibiotic therapy and the recurrence of Bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria and bacterial resistance have led to the development of novel alternative therapies, among which genital probiotics are widely used. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of Lactobacillus plantarum Lp62 and its supernatant against Gardnerella vaginalis, using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. In vitro assays were used to evaluate the viability of the strain and the antimicrobial activities of the supernatant in different pH ranges. An in vivo assay was performed on female BALB/c mice, wherein the animals were divided into eight groups: four control groups and four treated groups (for curative and preventive therapies). After infecting and treating the mice, the animals were killed to quantify the bacterial load using qPCR, evaluate leucocyte cellular response, determine vaginal cytokine levels and perform cytokine tissue gene expression. Our analyses revealed significant activity of the strain and its supernatant against G. vaginalis. Preliminary in vitro tests showed that the strain grew with equal efficiency in different pH ranges. Meanwhile, the presence of halo and inhibition of pathogen growth established the significant activity of the supernatant against G. vaginalis. We observed that both micro-organisms are resident bacteria of mouse microbiota and that the lactobacilli population growth was affected by G. vaginalis and vice versa. We also observed that the treated groups, with their low bacterial load, absence of leucocyte recruitment, reduced cytokine levels in the vaginal lavage and normalized cytokine gene expression, successfully controlled the infection.

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This study examined the replacement of the inorganic minerals (IM) Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn with their organic form (OM) in the diet of 67-week-old Dekalb White laying hens by comparing digestibility, production and egg quality. The experiment involved 240 birds, with 48 birds used per treatment and 12 per replicate. Isoenergetic and isonutrient diets were supplemented with 8mg Cu, 50mg Fe, 70mg Mn and 50mg Zn per kilogram of diet from an inorganic premix (IM100), from an organic premix (OM100), or the latter at the decreasing inclusion levels of 65% (OM65), 45% (OM45) and 35% (OM35). The following variables were evaluated: production, eggs per housed bird (EHB), viability, egg weight and mass, cracked and lost eggs, digestibility and egg physicochemical traits. Birds fed OM35 and OM45 showed lower production rates, and organic minerals provided the highest egg weights, regardless of their inclusion level. Accordingly, egg mass was similar between IM100, OM45 and OM35, and highest values were obtained with OM100 and OM65. Source or level had no influence on digestibility or egg quality. Supplementation with 2.8mg Cu, 17.5mg Fe, 24.5m g Mn and 17.5mg Zn per kilogram of diet (OM35) in the last third of the laying cycle provided relevant economic production indices (EHB, viability, egg weight or mass).(AU)

Estudou-se a substituição dos minerais inorgânicos (MI) Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn por minerais orgânicos (MO) na dieta de poedeiras Dekalb White com 67 semanas, comparando-se índices de produção, digestibilidade e qualidade dos ovos. Utilizaram-se 240 aves, 48 aves por tratamento e 12 por repetição. Dietas isoenergéticas e isonutrientes foram suplementadas com 8mg Cu, 50mg Fe, 70mg Mn e 50mg Zn por kg de ração MI100 e MO100 ou suplementações decrescentes MO65, MO45 e MO35. Avaliou-se produção, ovo por ave alojada (OAA), viabilidade, peso e massa dos ovos, trincados e perdidos, digestibilidade dos nutrientes e características físico-químicas dos ovos. Observaram-se menores índices de produção nas aves dos tratamentos MO35 e MO45 e maiores pesos dos ovos nos tratamentos com minerais orgânicos, independentemente da inclusão. Assim, massas de ovos foram semelhantes para os tratamentos MI100, MO45 e MO35 e maiores para MO100 e MO65. Fontes ou níveis de inclusões não influenciaram a digestibilidade e a qualidade dos ovos. Índices zootécnicos economicamente relevantes (OAA, viabilidade, peso e massa do ovo) foram obtidos com suplementação de 2,8mg Cu, 17,5mg Fe, 24,5mg Mn e 17,5mg Zn por kg de ração (MO35) em poedeiras brancas no último terço do ciclo de postura.(AU)

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Azathioprine (Aza) is a purine antimetabolite immunosuppressant that is widely employed for immunosuppressive therapy in post-transplant recipients or patients with autoimmune diseases. Chronic use of immunosuppressants might produce several side effects, including a high rate of neoplasms in these patients. Considering that genotoxic effects are associated with an increased risk of developing cancer, the aim of this study was to examine the recombinogenic, genotoxic, and cytotoxic effects of Aza using Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster, as well as comet and micronucleus assays in mouse bone marrow cells. Further, the adverse effects of Aza were determined in mouse hepatic and renal tissues using histopathological analysis. Data demonstrated that Aza induced significant increased genotoxicity in D. melanogaster and mouse bone marrow cells at all concentrations tested. Homologous recombination was the predominant genotoxic event noted for the first time to be initiated by Aza in SMART. In histopathological analysis, Aza did not show any marked toxic activity in mouse hepatic and renal tissues. Therefore, the high rate of neoplasms reported in patients with long-term use of Aza may be attributed, at least partially, to the genotoxic action of this drug.

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Spontaneous abortion is considered a public health problem having several causes, including infections. Among the infectious agents, bacteria of the vaginal microbiota and Ureaplasma parvum have been associated with abortion, but their participation needs to be further elucidated. This study aims to evaluate the influence of Mollicutes on the development of spontaneous abortion. Women who underwent spontaneous abortion and those with normal birth (control) were studied. Samples of cervical mucus (CM) and placental tissue were collected to identify Mollicutes using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction methodology. Eighty-nine women who had a miscarriage and 20 women with normal pregnancies were studied. The presence of Mollicutes in placental tissue increased the chance of developing miscarriage sevenfold. The prevalence of U. parvum in women who experienced spontaneous abortion was 66.3% in placental tissue. A positive association was observed between the detection of U. parvum in samples of placental tissue and abortion. There was a significant increase in microbial load in placental tissue for M. hominis, U. urealyticum and U. parvum compared to the control group. Detection of U. parvum in CM in pregnant women can ascend to the region of the placental tissue and trigger a spontaneous abortion.

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A biotécnica de refrigeração de sêmen equino para o trasporte de material genético está amplamente distribuida. Com a necessidade da manutenção da viabilidade espermática é indispensável a autilização e diluentes para este fim. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a adição de quercetina, que é um flavonóide antioxidante, em diluentes espermáticos altera a viabilidade dos espermatozoides equinos refrigerados. Foram avaliados cinco ejaculados de um garanhão, por meio da análise de motilidade e vigor espermático, em diferentes períodos de refrigeração em quatro meios de diluição: BotuSêmen®; BotuSêmen® adicionado de 20 µg/mL de quercetina (SIGMA®); Solução aquosa com 10% leite em pó desnatado (Molico®) ou Solução aquosa com 10% leite em pó desnatado (Molico®) adicionado de 20 µg/mL de quercetina (SIGMA®). Por meio dos resultados obtidos no presente estudo, foi possível verificar que não há diferença estatística entre a motilidade espermática de sêmen de garanhão diluído em BotuSêmen® em relação ao diluído solução aquosa com 10% leite em pó desnatado (Molico®) pelo período de refrigeração avaliado (36h).

The biotechnique of equine semen cooling for the transfer of genetic material is widely distributed. With the need to maintain sperm viability, it is indispensable to use and thinners for this purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the addition of quercetin, which is an anti-oxidant flavonoid, in spermatic diluents alters the viability of refrigerated equine spermatozoa. Five ejaculates of a stallion were evaluated by analysis of motility and spermatic vigor in different cooling periods in four dilution media: BotuSêmen® ; BotuSêmen® added 20 µg/mL of quercetin (SIGMA® ); Aqueous solution with 10% skimmilk powder (Molico® ) or Aqueous solution with 10% skimmilk powder (Molico® ) added 20 µg/mL quercetin (SIGMA® ). Through the data obtained, it was possible to verify that there is no statistical difference between the sperm motility of diluted stallion semen in BotuSêmen® in relation to the diluted aqueous solution with 10% skimmed milk powder (Molico® ) for the evaluated refrigeration period (36h).

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A biotécnica de refrigeração de sêmen equino para o trasporte de material genético está amplamente distribuida. Com a necessidade da manutenção da viabilidade espermática é indispensável a autilização e diluentes para este fim. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a adição de quercetina, que é um flavonóide antioxidante, em diluentes espermáticos altera a viabilidade dos espermatozoides equinos refrigerados. Foram avaliados cinco ejaculados de um garanhão, por meio da análise de motilidade e vigor espermático, em diferentes períodos de refrigeração em quatro meios de diluição: BotuSêmen®; BotuSêmen® adicionado de 20 µg/mL de quercetina (SIGMA®); Solução aquosa com 10% leite em pó desnatado (Molico®) ou Solução aquosa com 10% leite em pó desnatado (Molico®) adicionado de 20 µg/mL de quercetina (SIGMA®). Por meio dos resultados obtidos no presente estudo, foi possível verificar que não há diferença estatística entre a motilidade espermática de sêmen de garanhão diluído em BotuSêmen® em relação ao diluído solução aquosa com 10% leite em pó desnatado (Molico®) pelo período de refrigeração avaliado (36h).

RESUMO

A biotécnica de refrigeração de sêmen equino para o trasporte de material genético está amplamente distribuida. Com a necessidade da manutenção da viabilidade espermática é indispensável a autilização e diluentes para este fim. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a adição de quercetina, que é um flavonóide antioxidante, em diluentes espermáticos altera a viabilidade dos espermatozoides equinos refrigerados. Foram avaliados cinco ejaculados de um garanhão, por meio da análise de motilidade e vigor espermático, em diferentes períodos de refrigeração em quatro meios de diluição: BotuSêmen®; BotuSêmen® adicionado de 20 µg/mL de quercetina (SIGMA®); Solução aquosa com 10% leite em pó desnatado (Molico®) ou Solução aquosa com 10% leite em pó desnatado (Molico®) adicionado de 20 µg/mL de quercetina (SIGMA®). Por meio dos resultados obtidos no presente estudo, foi possível verificar que não há diferença estatística entre a motilidade espermática de sêmen de garanhão diluído em BotuSêmen® em relação ao diluído solução aquosa com 10% leite em pó desnatado (Molico®) pelo período de refrigeração avaliado (36h).(AU)

The biotechnique of equine semen cooling for the transfer of genetic material is widely distributed. With the need to maintain sperm viability, it is indispensable to use and thinners for this purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the addition of quercetin, which is an anti-oxidant flavonoid, in spermatic diluents alters the viability of refrigerated equine spermatozoa. Five ejaculates of a stallion were evaluated by analysis of motility and spermatic vigor in different cooling periods in four dilution media: BotuSêmen® ; BotuSêmen® added 20 µg/mL of quercetin (SIGMA® ); Aqueous solution with 10% skimmilk powder (Molico® ) or Aqueous solution with 10% skimmilk powder (Molico® ) added 20 µg/mL quercetin (SIGMA® ). Through the data obtained, it was possible to verify that there is no statistical difference between the sperm motility of diluted stallion semen in BotuSêmen® in relation to the diluted aqueous solution with 10% skimmed milk powder (Molico® ) for the evaluated refrigeration period (36h).(AU)

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