RESUMO

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de nascimento prematuro em gestantes infectadas pela Covid-19, comparar índices de prematuridade entre infectadas e não infectadas e elucidar fatores associados à prematuridade. Métodos: coorte retrospectiva, com coleta de dados por inquérito online, de abril a dezembro de 2022, com mulheres que estiveram gestantes durante a pandemia, com acesso à internet, idade superior a 18 anos e que preencheram o primeiro inquérito online. Protocolo de pesquisa aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética. Resultados: primeiro inquérito respondido por 304 gestantes/puérperas, e o segundo por 82 (27%), compondo a amostra final. O índice de prematuridade no primeiro inquérito foi de 7,2% (n=14), já no segundo, 8,5% (n=7). A infecção pela Covid-19 não foi associada à prematuridade. A prematuridade associou-se a baixo peso, à necessidade de internação em centros de terapia intensiva neonatal e internações após o nascimento. Conclusão: a infecção pela Covid-19 não influenciou no aumento de nascimentos prematuros.

Objective: to estimate the prevalence of preterm birth in pregnant women infected with Covid-19, compare prematurity rates between infected and non-infected, and elucidate factors associated with prematurity. Methods: a retrospective cohort study was conducted using online survey data collected from April to December 2022, involving women who were pregnant during the pandemic, had internet access, were over 18 years old, and completed the initial online survey. The research protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee. Results: the initial survey was completed by 304 pregnant/postpartum women, and the follow-up survey by 82 (27%), comprising the final sample. The preterm birth rate in the initial survey was 7.2% (n=14), and in the follow-up survey, it was 8.5% (n=7). Covid-19 infection was not associated with prematurity. Prematurity was associated with low birth weight, the need for neonatal intensive care unit admission, and postnatal hospitalizations. Conclusion: Covid-19 infection did not influence an increase in preterm births.

Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de partos prematuros en gestantes infectadas por Covid-19, comparar las tasas de prematuridad entre gestantes infectadas y no infectadas y determinar los factores asociados a la prematuridad. Métodos: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, con recolección de datos mediante encuesta online, de abril a diciembre de 2022, con mujeres que estuvieron embarazadas durante la pandemia, con acceso a internet, mayores de 18 años y que completaron la primera encuesta online. El protocolo de investigación fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética. Resultados: la primera encuesta fue respondida por 304 gestantes/puérperas, y la segunda por 82 (27%), que conformaron la muestra final. La tasa de prematuridad en la primera encuesta fue del 7,2% (n=14), en la segunda, del 8,5% (n=7). La infección por Covid-19 no se asoció con la prematuridad. La prematuridad se asoció con bajo peso, necesidad de internación en centros de cuidados intensivos neonatales e internaciones después del nacimiento. Conclusión: La infección por Covid-19 no influyó en el aumento de nacimientos prematuros.

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a topical combination of moxidectin 3.5%, imidacloprid 10% and praziquantel 10% for the prevention of Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856) infection in dogs. For this purpose, a randomized and controlled clinical trial was conducted between August 2021 and October 2022, in the municipality of Goiana, state of Pernambuco, north-eastern Brazil, where heartworm is highly prevalent. Of the 213 dogs initially sampled (baseline), 68 (31.9%) were positive for adult antigens (SNAP 4Dx Plus, Idexx) and/or microfilariae (modified Knott's test). On day 0, 140 negative dogs were randomly included in the treatment and control groups, 70 animals each. During the study, 60 dogs (34 treated and 26 untreated) were removed for different reasons. At the end of the study (day 360 ± 2), 36 treated and 44 untreated were sampled and included in the efficacy calculation. The efficacy against the development of adults and microfilariae was 84.7%, with only one treated dog being positive for adult antigens but negative for microfilariae. On the other hand, eight untreated dogs were positive for adult antigens and/or microfilariae, resulting in a significant difference in the number of positives between groups (Chi-square test = 4.706, df = 1, P = 0.0301). Remarkably, the efficacy against the appearance of D. immitis microfilariae was 100% (i.e., all treated dogs negative) and three untreated dogs were positive for microfilariae. The topical combination of moxidectin 3.5%, imidacloprid 10% and praziquantel 10% significantly reduced the risk of D. immitis infection in treated dogs as compared with untreated dogs, in a highly endemic area in north-eastern Brazil.

Assuntos

RESUMO

PURPOSE: to analyze the knowledge of community health agents about hearing and language development milestones in early childhood, in the context of home visits, before and after a team cooperation workshop. METHODS: action research was developed, with a quantitative and qualitative approach. RESULTS: Significant contribution to the agents' learning, enriching their home visit practices. CONCLUSION: Team cooperation is an important tool to qualify the performance of community health agents regarding guidelines on hearing and language milestones in early childhood.

OBJETIVO: analisar o conhecimento dos agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS) sobre os marcos do desenvolvimento auditivo e de linguagem na primeira infância, no contexto da visita domiciliar, antes e após oficina de apoio matricial. MÉTODO: Foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa-ação, com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. RESULTADOS: Contribuição significativa para a aprendizagem das ACS enriquecendo a prática da visita domiciliar. CONCLUSÃO: O apoio matricial é uma importante ferramenta para a atuação qualificada das ACS no tocante às orientações sobre os marcos auditivos e de linguagem na primeira infância.

Assuntos

RESUMO

RESUMO Objetivo analisar o conhecimento dos agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS) sobre os marcos do desenvolvimento auditivo e de linguagem na primeira infância, no contexto da visita domiciliar, antes e após oficina de apoio matricial. Método Foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa-ação, com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. Resultados Contribuição significativa para a aprendizagem das ACS enriquecendo a prática da visita domiciliar. Conclusão O apoio matricial é uma importante ferramenta para a atuação qualificada das ACS no tocante às orientações sobre os marcos auditivos e de linguagem na primeira infância.

ABSTRACT Purpose to analyze the knowledge of community health agents about hearing and language development milestones in early childhood, in the context of home visits, before and after a team cooperation workshop. Methods action research was developed, with a quantitative and qualitative approach. Results Significant contribution to the agents' learning, enriching their home visit practices. Conclusion Team cooperation is an important tool to qualify the performance of community health agents regarding guidelines on hearing and language milestones in early childhood.

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o consumo alimentar dos pacientes queimados hospitalizados no processo de cicatrização. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, quantitativo, com coleta de dados prospectivos. A coleta ocorreu no Hospital Regional da Asa Norte (HRAN), no período de março de 2022 a maio de 2022, com 113 dias alimentares de 24 pacientes hospitalizados. A coleta de dados foi realizada com ficha pré-estabelecida (número de prontuário, sexo, faixa etária, percentual de área queimada e tipo de queimadura). Para calcular as necessidades nutricionais, foi utilizada a equação de Toronto. A análise dos dados coletados aconteceu a partir do software Avanutri PC, sendo uma análise quantitativa dos macronutrientes (proteína, lipídios e carboidratos) e micronutrientes (zinco, vitamina C, vitamina A, vitamina E e selênio). RESULTADOS: Os recordatórios alimentares foram calculados com e sem suplementação. Nos dias com suplementação a adequação calórica aumentou, sendo que a maioria, 39,8%, conseguiu atingir mais de100% das recomendações e 29,2% conseguiu permanecer dentro de 75-100% das necessidades energéticas diária e todas as vitaminas e minerais também aumentaram sua adequação, sendo vitamina A antes da suplementação 406,1mg e após a suplementação 531,4mg, vitamina C antes 462,2mg e 626,4mg após, vitamina E 8,3mg antes e 31,2mg após, zinco 11,8mcg antes e após 18,7mcg e selênio 54,4mg antes e 99,5mg após a suplementação. CONCLUSÕES: A nutrição desempenha um papel muito importante na recuperação de pacientes queimados, contribuindo para a cicatrização de feridas, prevenção de infecções, manutenção do peso corporal e minimização de complicações. É essencial que esses pacientes recebam suplementação adequada para auxiliar seu processo de cicatrização.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the food consumption of hospitalized burn patients in the healing process. METHODS: Cross-sectional, quantitative study, with prospective data collection. The collection took place at the Hospital Regional da Asa Norte (HRAN), from March 2022 to May 2022, with 113 days of eating from 24 hospitalized patients. Data collection was carried out using a pre-established form (medical record number, sex, age group, percentage of burned area and type of burn). To calculate nutritional needs, the Toronto equation was used. The analysis of the collected data took place using the Avanutri PC Software, being a quantitative analysis of macronutrients (protein, lipids and carbohydrates) and micronutrients (zinc, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E and selenium). RESULTS: Dietary recalls were calculated with and without supplementation, on days with supplementation caloric adequacy increased, with the majority, 39.8%, managing to achieve more than100% of recommendations and 29.2% managing to remain within 75-100% of daily energy needs and all vitamins and minerals also increased their adequacy, with vitamin A before supplementation 406.1mg and after supplementation 531.4mg, vitamin C before 462.2mg and 626.4mg after, vitamin E 8.3mg before and 31.2mg after, zinc 11.8mcg before and after 18.7mcg and selenium 54.4mg before and 99.5mg after supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: Nutrition plays a very important role in the recovery of burn patients, contributing to wound healing, preventing infections, maintaining body weight and minimizing complications. It is essential that these patients receive adequate supplementation to aid their healing process.

RESUMO

Propagation by somatic embryogenesis in Theobroma cacao has some issues to be solved, as many morphologically abnormal somatic embryos that do not germinate into plants are frequently observed, thus hampering plant production on a commercial scale. For the first time the methylome landscape of T. cacao somatic embryogenesis was examined, using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing technique, with the aim to understand the epigenetic basis of somatic embryo abnormalities. We identified 873 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) in the CpG context between zygotic embryos, normal and abnormal somatic embryos, with important roles in development, programmed cell death, oxidative stress, and hypoxia induction, which can help to explain the morphological abnormalities of somatic embryos. We also identified the role of ethylene and its precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate in several biological processes, such as hypoxia induction, cell differentiation and cell polarity, that could be associated to the development of abnormal somatic embryos. The biological processes and the hypothesis of ethylene and its precursor involvement in the somatic embryo abnormalities in cacao are discussed.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Canine vector-borne pathogens (CVBPs) comprise a group of disease agents mainly transmitted by ticks, fleas, mosquitoes and sand flies. In this study, we assessed the presence of CVBPs in an Afro-descendent community (Quilombola) of northeastern, Brazil. Dog blood samples (n = 201) were collected and analyzed by rapid test for the detection of antibodies against Leishmania spp., Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), and antigens of Dirofilaria immitis. In addition, polymerase chain reactions were performed for Anaplasmataceae, Babesia spp., Hepatozoon spp., Rickettsia spp. and B. burgdorferi s.l. Overall, 66.7% of the dogs scored positive to at least one pathogen at serological and/or molecular methods. Antibodies against Ehrlichia spp. were the most frequently detected (57.2%; n = 115/201), followed by Anaplasma spp. (8.5%; n = 17/201), Leishmania spp. (8.5%; n = 17/201) and B. burgdorferi s.l. (0.5%; n = 1/201). For D. immitis, 11 out of 201 (5.5%) animals scored positive. At the molecular analysis, 10.4% (n = 21/201) of the samples scored positive for Babesia spp./Hepatozoon spp., followed by Anaplasmataceae (5.0%; n = 10/201) and Rickettsia spp. (3.0%; n = 6/201). All samples were negative for B. burgdorferi s.l. Our data demonstrated the presence of CVBPs in the studied population, with a high seropositivity for Ehrlichia spp. In addition, considering the detection of zoonotic pathogens in dogs and their relationship with people from Quilombola communities, effective control strategies are advocated for minimizing the risk of infection in this socially vulnerable human population and their pets.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Infrared spectroscopy has been gaining prominence in entomology, such as for solving taxonomic problems, sexing adult specimens, determining the age of immature specimens, detecting drugs of abuse in fly larvae, and can be an important technique in Forensic Entomology. In order to help identify the species of Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae families, the present study aimed to evaluate the use of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) coupled with chemometric methods for separating fly specimens into taxonomic categories and understanding the taxonomic relationship between them. Spectra collected from nine species of flies were subjected to unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), in which we sought to visualize the relationship between the samples (segregation of genera and families) with subsequent identification. In PCA, the best model was achieved using five principal components (PCs), which explained 99.16% of total variance of the original data set. The first principal component (PC1) and the fourth principal component (PC4) provided the best segregation, the latter being more important in the segregation of the species Chrysomya albiceps, Lucilia eximia, and Ravinia belforti from the others. In the HCA dendrogram, there was a clear separation between the specimens by family (Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae) and genera (Chrysomya, Lucilia, Oxysarcodexia, Peckia and Ravinia). This study shows that NIRS is efficient to identify flies' taxonomic properties, such as family and genera, providing quick evidence for the tested species identity.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Resumo Este estudo analisa a estruturação da Rede de Atenção à Saúde nas regiões de saúde do estado de Mato Grosso, considerando as ações planejadas nos instrumentos de gestão do governo do estado e da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde (SES), nos anos de 2012 a 2017, em conformidade com as diretrizes da Portaria MS/GM nº 4.279, de 30 de dezembro de 2010, que orienta o processo de conformação das redes de atenção à saúde no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, de natureza exploratório-descritiva, do tipo documental, que analisou os documentos públicos referentes ao planejamento do governo na especificidade do setor de saúde, o que inclui o Plano Plurianual, o Plano Estadual de Saúde e o Plano Estratégico da SES. Os achados do estudo mostram que, embora algumas ações/atividades relacionadas às diretrizes da portaria estivessem contempladas nos documentos pesquisados, ainda não foram suficientes para o estabelecimento de uma rede de atenção regionalizada de qualidade e para o fortalecimento da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) com capacidade de ser coordenadora do cuidado e ordenadora da rede no estado de Mato Grosso.

Abstract This study analyzes the structuring of the Health Care Network in the health regions of the state of Mato Grosso, considering the actions planned in the management instruments of the State government and the State Department of Health (SES), in the years of 2012 to 2017, in accordance with the guidelines of Ordinance MS/GM No 4.279, of December 30, 2010, which guides the process of conformation of Health Care Networks within the scope of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). This is a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study, of documentary type, which analyzed the public documents related to government planning on the specificity of the health sector, which includes the Pluriannual Plan, the State Health Plan and the Strategic Plan of the SES. The findings of the study show that, although some actions/activities related to the guidelines of the Ordinance were included in the researched documents, they were not yet sufficient for establishing a quality regionalized care network and for strengthening the Primary Health Care (PHC) with the capacity to coordinate care and order the network in the state of Mato Grosso.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Prevention of mother-to-child transmission programs have been one of the hallmarks of success in the fight against HIV/AIDS. In Brazil, access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy has increased, leading to a reduction in new infections among children. Currently, lifelong ART is available to all pregnant, however yet challenges remain in eliminating mother-to-child transmission. In this paper, we focus on the role of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to analyse blood plasma samples of pregnant women with HIV infection to differentiate pregnant women without HIV infection. Seventy-seven samples (39 HIV-infected patient and 38 healthy control samples) were analysed. Multivariate classification of resultant NIR spectra facilitated diagnostic segregation of both sample categories in a fast and non-destructive fashion, generating good accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. This method is simple and low-cost, and can be easily adapted to point-of-care screening, which can be essential to monitor pregnancy risks in remote locations or in the developing world. Therefore, it opens a new perspective to investigate vertical transmission (VT). The approach described here, can be useful for the identification and exploration of VT under various pathophysiological conditions of maternal HIV. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, the potential of NIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis as a screening tool for fast and low-cost HIV detection.

Assuntos