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ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with suicide risk among high school students from a federal educational institution in Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on a census of students (n=510) enrolled in IFRS, campus Rio Grande, in the second half of 2019. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Suicide risk was measured with the instrument Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and data were analyzed using Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment. Results: The prevalence of high suicide risk was 17.3% (95% confidence interval — 95%CI 14.0-20.0), with the following independent associated factors: female gender, higher socioeconomic status, alcohol consumption, less social support, attempt to lose weight, self-harm behavior, and increased risk of depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusions: One in six students showed a high suicide risk. The identification of factors associated with the outcome is useful for detecting the most severe cases and referring them to specialized care.
RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao risco de suicídio em estudantes do ensino médio de uma instituição federal de ensino do Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com base em um censo de estudantes (n=510) matriculados no IFRS, Campus Rio Grande, no segundo semestre de 2019. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário autoaplicável. O risco de suicídio foi medido com o instrumento Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview e a análise dos dados foi conduzida por meio de regressão de Poisson com ajuste robusto da variância. Resultados: A prevalência do risco alto de suicídio foi de 17,3% (intervalo de confiança — IC95% 14,0-20,0), tendo como fatores independentemente associados: sexo feminino, maior nível socioeconômico, consumo de álcool, menor suporte social, tentativa de perder peso, comportamento autolesivo e maior risco de depressão, ansiedade e estresse. Conclusões: Um em cada seis estudantes apresentou elevado risco de suicídio. A identificação dos fatores associados ao desfecho é útil para identificar os casos mais graves e encaminhá-los para atendimento especializado.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with suicide risk among high school students from a federal educational institution in Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS). METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study based on a census of students (n=510) enrolled in IFRS, campus Rio Grande, in the second half of 2019. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Suicide risk was measured with the instrument Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and data were analyzed using Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment. RESULTS: The prevalence of high suicide risk was 17.3% (95% confidence interval - 95%CI 14.0-20.0), with the following independent associated factors: female gender, higher socioeconomic status, alcohol consumption, less social support, attempt to lose weight, self-harm behavior, and increased risk of depression, anxiety, and stress. CONCLUSIONS: One in six students showed a high suicide risk. The identification of factors associated with the outcome is useful for detecting the most severe cases and referring them to specialized care.
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Suicídio , Ansiedade/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Estudantes/psicologia , Suicídio/psicologia , ViolênciaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of excessive use of social media and associated factors, as well as possible health consequences in high school students in southern Brazil. METHODS: This is a population-based cross-sectional study, conducted with high school students in the city of Rio Grande, RS. All students who were attending high school at the Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, campus Rio Grande, were eligible for this research in the second semester of 2019. In total, 513 students participated in the study. The dependent variable was excessive use of social media, defined as more than five hours per day. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were carried out and the Poisson regression was used to verify associations, with robust adjustment of variance. RESULTS: The prevalence of students who reported excessive use of social media was 35.9%. The groups that were most susceptible to excessive use of social media had the following profile: female, black/brown skin, aged between 18 and 20 years old, attending the first year of high school. Excessive use of social media was shown to be associated with smoking, risk of depression, anxiety and stress, high risk of suicide and drug use. CONCLUSIONS: More than a third of students used social media excessively. This behavior was associated with negative health outcomes.
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Mídias Sociais , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Instituições Acadêmicas , Estudantes , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Abstract Objective: To assess the prevalence of excessive use of social media and associated factors, as well as possible health consequences in high school students in southern Brazil. Methods: This is a population-based cross-sectional study, conducted with high school students in the city of Rio Grande, RS. All students who were attending high school at the Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, campus Rio Grande, were eligible for this research in the second semester of 2019. In total, 513 students participated in the study. The dependent variable was excessive use of social media, defined as more than five hours per day. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were carried out and the Poisson regression was used to verify associations, with robust adjustment of variance. Results: The prevalence of students who reported excessive use of social media was 35.9%. The groups that were most susceptible to excessive use of social media had the following profile: female, black/brown skin, aged between 18 and 20 years old, attending the first year of high school. Excessive use of social media was shown to be associated with smoking, risk of depression, anxiety and stress, high risk of suicide and drug use. Conclusions: More than a third of students used social media excessively. This behavior was associated with negative health outcomes.
Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência do uso excessivo de redes sociais e identificar os seus fatores associados em estudantes do ensino médio do Sul do Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional. Foram elegíveis para esta pesquisa todos os estudantes que estavam cursando o ensino médio no Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, campus Rio Grande, no 2º semestre de 2019. No total, 513 alunos participaram do estudo. A variável dependente deste estudo foi o uso excessivo de redes sociais, definido como mais de cinco horas por dia. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e bivariadas e, para verificar as associações, foi utilizada a regressão de Poisson, com ajuste robusto da variância. Resultados: A prevalência de estudantes que relataram uso excessivo de redes sociais foi de 35,9%. Os grupos mais suscetíveis a usar excessivamente as redes sociais foram: sexo feminino, cor de pele preta/parda e faixa etária entre 18 e 20 anos. Houve associação entre uso excessivo de redes sociais com tabagismo, risco de depressão, ansiedade e estresse, risco elevado de suicídio e uso de drogas. Conclusões: Mais de um terço dos estudantes usava em excesso as redes sociais. Esse comportamento esteve associado com desfechos negativos em saúde.
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Abstract Background Despite the advance in studies addressing the use of crack cocaine, knowledge about the characteristics of users that seek treatment in the different modalities of care for substance use disorders is important to plan the operationalization of these services. Objective To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with the use of crack cocaine in outpatients. Method Cross-sectional study consisting in the analysis of the medical records of outpatients of a chemical dependency clinic located in the south of Brazil from 1999 to 2015. The Fisher's exact test and the Poisson regression model were used to analyze the data. Results Medical records from 1,253 patients were analyzed, and 1,196 (95.5%) of them contained information on the use of crack cocaine. Use of this substance was reported by 47% (95% CI [44, 50]) of the outpatients. The risk group was composed of adults aged 20-39 years, with no income, who had three or more children, did not consume alcohol or marijuana, had continuous family assistance, spontaneously looked for the service, and had already been hospitalized or assisted at a therapeutic community or psychosocial center. Conclusion There is great demand for the outpatient care of crack cocaine users. It is crucial that the risk factors guide treatment planning.
Resumo Introdução embora tenhamos avançado nos estudos sobre o consumo de crack, é importante o conhecimento das características dos usuários que buscam tratamento nas diferentes modalidades assistenciais para transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias para planejar a operacionalização desses dispositivos. Objetivo analisar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao uso de crack em pacientes em tratamento de modalidade clínico-ambulatorial. Método estudo transversal, com análise dos prontuários dos pacientes do período de 1999 a 2015 de um ambulatório de dependência química no Sul do Brasil. Para análise dos dados foi realizado o teste exato de Fisher e regressão de Poisson. Resultados foram analisados os prontuários de 1.253 pacientes, dos quais 1.196 (95,5%) continham informações sobre o uso de crack. O uso de crack foi relatado por 47% (IC 95% [44, 50]) dos pacientes. O grupo de risco consistiu em adultos de 20 a 39 anos, sem renda, com três ou mais filhos, que não consumiam álcool ou usavam maconha, que tinham acompanhamento familiar contínuo, que buscavam espontaneamente o serviço, que já haviam sido internados em hospital ou feito acompanhamento em comunidade terapêutica ou centro psicossocial. Conclusão existe uma grande demanda no atendimento ambulatorial de pacientes que usam crack. É imprescindível que os fatores de risco orientem o planejamento do tratamento.
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Descrever a percepção de crianças, filhos de pais dependentes químicos, acerca do funcionamento familiar e as relações de apego construídas com seus pais. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo realizado com quatro crianças, filhos de dependentes químicos. A coleta dos dados foi realizada através do genograma familiar e entrevista semiestruturada. Os depoimentos foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Os funcionamentos familiares foram classificados como desligado, emaranhado em fortalecimento de fronteiras ou não classificado. Os tipos de apego foram seguro e evitativo. O funcionamento familiar está relacionado com as formas de interação entre os membros e não ao uso de substâncias psicoativas. A dependência não é o fator desencadeante da rigidez do sistema, mas uma consequência do estilo de vinculação predominante no mesmo. Dificultam-se as interações positivas e a busca por padrões alternativos de funcionamento, sendo um importante fator de risco para o desenvolvimento saudável dos seus membros
The perception of children of drug-dependent parents on family functioning and affectionate relationships with their parents is described. Current qualitative study has been conducted with four children, children of drug addicts. Data were collected through family genogram and semi-structured interview. The statements were submitted to content analysis. Family functioning was classified as careless, entangled in border strengthening, or non- classified. Attachment types were safe and preventive. Family functioning is related to the forms of interaction between members and not to the use of psychoactive substances. Dependency is not the triggering factor of the system´s rigidity, but a consequence of the predominant style of attachment. It hinders positive interactions and the search for alternative patterns of functioning, being an important risk factor for healthy development of its members.
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OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence and characterize the occurrence of low back pain (LBP), posterior pelvic girdle pain (PPGP) and pubic symphysis pain (PSP) among pregnant women resident in Rio Grande, RS. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of all postpartum women who gave birth in 2016. Two pictures were used to investigate the presence of LBP, PPGP and PSP, both isolated and combined. Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate the factors associated with each symptom. RESULTS: LBP was reported by 42.2%, PSP by 4.9%, and PPGP by 2%, while LBP + PSP was reported by 9%, LBP and PPGP by 2.8% and PPGP + PSP by 1.1%, and pain in all three regions was reported by 3.9% of the sample. The more advanced the age of the pregnant women, the risk for LBP and of LBP combined with one of the pelvic girdle regions was reduced, while the risk for PPGP + PSP was increased. Depression during pregnancy increased the risk for all symptom combinations. CONCLUSION: This study provided a detailed description of the occurrence of the evaluated outcomes and its associated factors. Studies like this are rare in Brazil, especially a census with low rates of losses and refusals. The high prevalence of the evaluated symptoms suggests that it should be investigated routinely in prenatal care, taking into account the age of the pregnant women, depressive symptoms and those experiencing combined or intense pain.
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Artralgia/epidemiologia , Dor Lombar/epidemiologia , Vértebras Lombares , Dor da Cintura Pélvica/epidemiologia , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Sínfise Pubiana , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Artralgia/etiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/complicações , Depressão/epidemiologia , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Dor Lombar/etiologia , Medição da Dor , Dor da Cintura Pélvica/etiologia , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/etiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
RESUMO: Objetivos: Estimar a prevalência e caracterizar a ocorrência de dor lombar gestacional (DLG), dor na cintura pélvica posterior (DCPP) e dor na sínfise púbica (DSP) entre gestantes residentes em Rio Grande, RS. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com todas as puérperas com parto em 2016. Foram utilizadas duas figuras para investigar a presença de DLG, DCPP e DSP de forma isolada ou combinada. Regressão logística multinomial foi usada para avaliar os fatores associados a cada sintoma. Resultados: DLG foi referida por 42,2% das entrevistadas, DSP por 4,9%, e DCPP por 2%, enquanto DLG + DSP por 9%, DLG + DCPP por 2,8%, DCPP + DSP por 1,1% e dor nas três regiões por 3,9% delas. Quanto maior era a idade da gestante, menor foi o risco de DLG e de DLG combinada a uma das regiões da cintura pélvica e maior o risco de DCPP + DSP. Depressão na gestação aumentou o risco de todas as combinações dos sintomas. Conclusão: Este estudo realizou uma descrição mais detalhada da ocorrência dos desfechos avaliados e de seus fatores associados. Estudos como este são raros no país, sobretudo com baixas taxas de perdas e recusas. A elevada prevalência dos sintomas avaliados sugere que sua investigação seja rotineira nas consultas de pré-natal, atendo-se a idade das gestantes, sintomas depressivos e a dores combinadas e intensas.
ABSTRACT: Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and characterize the occurrence of low back pain (LBP), posterior pelvic girdle pain (PPGP) and pubic symphysis pain (PSP) among pregnant women resident in Rio Grande, RS. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of all postpartum women who gave birth in 2016. Two pictures were used to investigate the presence of LBP, PPGP and PSP, both isolated and combined. Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate the factors associated with each symptom. Results: LBP was reported by 42.2%, PSP by 4.9%, and PPGP by 2%, while LBP + PSP was reported by 9%, LBP and PPGP by 2.8% and PPGP + PSP by 1.1%, and pain in all three regions was reported by 3.9% of the sample. The more advanced the age of the pregnant women, the risk for LBP and of LBP combined with one of the pelvic girdle regions was reduced, while the risk for PPGP + PSP was increased. Depression during pregnancy increased the risk for all symptom combinations. Conclusion: This study provided a detailed description of the occurrence of the evaluated outcomes and its associated factors. Studies like this are rare in Brazil, especially a census with low rates of losses and refusals. The high prevalence of the evaluated symptoms suggests that it should be investigated routinely in prenatal care, taking into account the age of the pregnant women, depressive symptoms and those experiencing combined or intense pain.
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Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Sínfise Pubiana , Dor Lombar/epidemiologia , Artralgia/epidemiologia , Dor da Cintura Pélvica/epidemiologia , Vértebras Lombares , Complicações na Gravidez/etiologia , Medição da Dor , Brasil/epidemiologia , Modelos Logísticos , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Etários , Idade Gestacional , Dor Lombar/etiologia , Artralgia/etiologia , Depressão/complicações , Depressão/epidemiologia , Dor da Cintura Pélvica/etiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Although tobacco smoking prevalence in the adult Brazilian population is monitored through population-based surveys, the majority of findings come from studies undertaken in urban areas. Therefore, very little is known about tobacco smoking prevalence and associated factors among elderly people living in rural Brazilian areas. As such, this study aimed to assess tobacco smoking prevalence and associated factors among elderly people in the rural area of the municipality of Rio Grande, state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional population-based study conducted with individuals aged 60 years or more residing in the rural area of the municipality of Rio Grande, RS. Tobacco smoking prevalence was calculated according to each category of the independent variables of interest using Fisher's exact test. Crude and adjusted Poisson regression following a hierarchical analysis model was used to analyze associated factors. RESULTS: A total of 13.2% of the elderly people were smokers and 33.8% were former smokers. A total of 66.9% of smokers had smoked for 41 years or more and 14.4% smoked 21 or more cigarettes a day. Following the adjusted analysis, factors associated with smoking were being male (prevalence ratio (PR)=2.23, 95%CI=1.56-3.17), being in the 60-69 year age range (PR=2.65, 95%CI=1.47-4.80), having black/brown skin color (PR=1.99, 95%CI=1.34-2.93) and being single/separated (PR=1.61, 95%CI=1.15-2.25). Practicing the evangelical Christian religion was a protection factor. CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of tobacco smoking found in this study is similar to that in other national studies with elderly people, tobacco use is still considerable and is among the main causes of avoidable diseases. This study is therefore important because it is the first conducted with elderly people living in the rural area of the municipality. Its findings can become a tool for planning actions or public policies aimed at promoting behavioral changes that reduce risk factors associated with tobacco smoking among the elderly in rural areas.
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População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Fumar/epidemiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To measure the prevalence of illicit drugs use in the lifetime, last year and last month, as well as the factors associated to the last year's use and its association with academic migration, among undergraduate students of a university in southern Brazil. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected through self-administered questionnaire. It was conducted a clustered systematic sampling. For multivariate analyses, it was used Poisson regression. Results: 1,423 students participated. The prevalence of illicit drug use in the lifetime, last year and last month were 42.4%, 25.5% and 17.7%, respectively. Regarding illicit substances, marijuana use was the most prevalent. The variables independently associated with illicit drugs use in the last year were academic migration, being male, younger, single, high parent's educational level, living with peers, tobacco use in the last year, and having friend and relative that have used illicit drugs. Religious practice had a protective effect. Conclusion: Individuals who migrated from their cities to study at the university are more exposed to the main risk factors pointed out by this research and hence to the use of illicit drugs. Based on these results, we suggest that universities develop evaluation, prevention, treatment or referral strategies considering specific needs of this population
RESUMO Objetivo: Medir a prevalência do uso de drogas ilícitas na vida, no último ano e no último mês, assim como os fatores associados ao uso no último ano e a sua relação com a migração acadêmica, entre estudantes de graduação de uma universidade no sul do Brasil. Métodos: Neste estudo transversal, os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário autoaplicável. Foi conduzida uma amostragem sistemática por conglomerados. Para a análise multivariável, foi utilizada a regressão de Poisson. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 1.423 estudantes. A prevalência de uso de drogas ilícitas na vida, no último ano e no último mês foi de 42,4%, 25,5% e 17,7%, respectivamente. Em relação às substâncias ilícitas, o uso de maconha foi o mais prevalente. As variáveis independentemente associadas ao uso de drogas ilícitas no último ano foram a migração acadêmica, ser do sexo masculino, ser mais jovem, ser solteiro, o maior nível educacional dos pais, morar com os pares, ter feito uso de tabaco no último ano e ter amigos e familiares que já fizeram uso de drogas ilícitas. A prática religiosa teve efeito protetivo. Conclusão: Indivíduos que migraram de suas cidades para estudar na universidade estão mais expostos aos principais fatores de risco apontados nesta pesquisa e, assim, ao uso de drogas ilícitas. Com base nesses resultados, sugerimos que as universidades desenvolvam estratégias de avaliação, prevenção, tratamento ou encaminhamento, considerando as necessidades específicas dessa população.