RESUMO
This study evaluated the body condition score (BCS) at calving and breed (B) effects on milk composition, yield, performance, physiological parameters, hemogram, blood metabolites, and urinary metabolites in the transition and early lactation periods of Mediterranean (MED) and Murrah (MUR) buffaloes. Twenty MED and fifteen MUR buffaloes were distributed into four experimental treatments, in a completely randomized design, considering their racial groups and BCS (LBCS = low; HBCS = high): LBCS MED (N = 9); HBCS MED (N = 11); LBCS MUR (N = 8); HBCS MUR (N = 7). Animals were monitored during the last 21 days of gestation and first 56 days postpartum and kept under the same management and feeding conditions. During data collection, milk composition, yield, performance, physiological parameters, hemogram, blood metabolites, and urinary metabolites were evaluated. Higher milk production and fat-corrected milk were observed in MED than MUR buffaloes. Breed effects were observed on body weight, rectal temperature, glucose, urea, calcium (Ca) concentrations, and BCS effects on total protein, albumin, urea, and Ca. There were BCS effects on hematocrit, neutrophils, eosinophils, and interactions between B × BCS for lymphocytes and platelets. There were breed effects on urinary concentrations of chlorine, uric acid, and interactions between weight (W) × B on chlorine and urea. The MED buffaloes can be considered the most prepared to undergo physiological changes, including the BCS value at calving, indicating higher physiological health. Besides, this study demonstrates more considerable preparation for the calving, regardless of the body condition score at calving.
Assuntos
Bison , Búfalos , Feminino , Animais , Humanos , Cloro/metabolismo , Lactação/fisiologia , Leite/metabolismo , Período Pós-Parto/fisiologia , Grupos Raciais , MetabolomaRESUMO
This is a report on how 1H NMR-based metabonomics was employed to discriminate osteopenia from osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, identifying the main metabolites associated to the separation between the groups. The Assays were performed using seventy-eight samples, being twenty-eight healthy volunteers, twenty-six osteopenia patients and twenty-four osteoporosis patients. PCA, LDA, PLS-DA and OPLS-DA formalisms were used. PCA discriminated the samples from healthy volunteers from diseased patient samples. Osteopenia-osteoporosis discrimination was only obtained using Analysis Discriminants formalisms, as LDA, PLS-DA and OPLS-DA. The metabonomics model using LDA formalism presented 88.0% accuracy, 88.5% specificity and 88.0% sensitivity. Cross-Validation, however, presented some problems as the accuracy of modeling decreased. LOOCV resulted in 78.0% accuracy. The OPLS-DA based model was better: R2Y and Q2 values equal to 0.871 (p<0.001) and 0.415 (p<0.001). LDA and OPLS-DA indicated the important spectral regions for discrimination, making possible to assign the metabolites involved in the skeletal system homeostasis, as follows: VLDL, LDL, leucine, isoleucine, allantoin, taurine and unsaturated lipids. These results indicate that 1H NMR-based metabonomics can be used as a diagnosis tool to discriminate osteoporosis from osteopenia using a single serum sample.
Assuntos
Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/diagnóstico , Metabolômica/métodos , Osteoporose/diagnóstico , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Análise Discriminante , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pós-Menopausa/metabolismo , Análise de Componente Principal , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Seasonality is an important aspect associated with population dynamic and structure of tropical insect assemblages. This study evaluated the effects of seasonality on abundance, richness, diversity and composition of an insect group, drosophilids, including species native to the Neotropical region and exotic ones. Three preserved fragments of the northern Atlantic Forest were surveyed, where temperatures are above 20 °C throughout the year and rainfall regimes define two seasons (dry and rainy). As opposed to other studies about arthropods in tropical regions, we observed that abundance of drosophilids was significantly higher in the dry season, possibly due to biological aspects and the colonization strategy adopted by the exotic species in these environments. Contrarily to abundance, we did not observe a seasonal pattern for richness. As for other parts of the Atlantic Forest, the most representative Neotropical species (Drosophila willistoni, D. sturtevanti, D. paulistorum and D. prosaltans) were significantly more abundant in the rainy season. Among the most abundant exotic species, D. malerkotliana, Zaprionus indianus and Scaptodrosophila latifasciaeformis were more importantly represented the dry season, while D. simulans was more abundant in the rainy period. The seasonality patterns exhibited by the most abundant species were compared to findings published in other studies. Our results indicate that exotic species were significantly more abundant in the dry season, while native ones exhibited an opposite pattern.
Assuntos
Biodiversidade , Drosophilidae , Estações do Ano , Animais , Brasil , Feminino , Florestas , MasculinoRESUMO
Despite the benefits of using surgical meshes to repair abdominal and inguinal hernias, there are increasing reports of mesh migration into the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts-a complication that cannot be overlooked or neglected. Resolution of such cases can be difficult and depends on the degree of migration and the anatomical site involved. The present paper reports the case of a 68-year-old patient undergoing a trans-ureteral resection of a possible bladder malignancy diagnosed following clinical and radiological evaluation. During the procedure (cytoscopy), it was found that migration of a mesh was mimicking the urological disease initially suspected. A polypropylene mesh had been inserted into the right inguinal region 20 years previously to repair an inguinal hernia. This is one of only a few case reports on mesh migration presenting as a suspected bladder malignancy.
Assuntos
Migração de Corpo Estranho/diagnóstico , Hérnia Inguinal/cirurgia , Herniorrafia/efeitos adversos , Telas Cirúrgicas/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/diagnóstico , Idoso , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Migração de Corpo Estranho/complicações , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is today the gold standard treatment of the end-stage liver disease. Different solutions are used for graft preservation. Our objective was to compare the results of cadaveric donor OLT, preserved with the University of Wisconsin (UW) or Celsior solutions in the portal vein and Euro-Collins in the aorta. METHODS: We evaluated retrospectively 72 OLT recipients, including 36 with UW solution (group UW) and 36 with Celsior (group CS). Donors were perfused in situ with 1000 mL UW or Celsior in the portal vein of and 3000 mL of Euro-Collins in the aortia and on the back table managed with 500 mL UW or Celsior in the portal vein, 250 mL in the hepatic artery, and 250 mL in the biliary duct. We evaluated the following variables: donor characteristics, recipient features, intraoperative details, reperfusion injury, and steatosis via a biopsy after reperfusion. We noted grafts with primary nonfunction (PNF), initial poor function (IPF), rejection episodes, biliary duct complications, hepatic artery complications, re-OLT, and recipient death in the first year after OLT. RESULTS: The average age was 33.6 years in the UW group versus 41 years in the CS group (P = .048). There was a longer duration of surgery in the UW group (P = .001). The other recipient characteristics, ischemia-reperfusion injury, steatosis, PNF, IPF, rejection, re-OLT, and recipient survival were not different. Stenosis of the biliary duct occured in 3 (8.3%) cases in the UW group and 8 (22.2%) in the CS (P = .19) with hepatic artery thrombosis in 4 (11.1%) CS versus none in the UW group (P = .11). CONCLUSION: Cadaveric donor OLT showed similar results with organs preserved with UW or Celsior in the portal vein and Euro-Collins in the aorta.
Assuntos
Aorta Abdominal/fisiologia , Soluções Hipertônicas/uso terapêutico , Falência Hepática/cirurgia , Transplante de Fígado/métodos , Soluções para Preservação de Órgãos/uso terapêutico , Veia Porta/fisiologia , Adenosina/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Alopurinol/uso terapêutico , Aorta Abdominal/efeitos dos fármacos , Cadáver , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Dissacarídeos/uso terapêutico , Eletrólitos/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Glutamatos/uso terapêutico , Glutationa/uso terapêutico , Histidina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Insulina/uso terapêutico , Transplante de Fígado/imunologia , Masculino , Manitol/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Preservação de Órgãos/métodos , Veia Porta/efeitos dos fármacos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Rafinose/uso terapêutico , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Doadores de TecidosRESUMO
In the present study we investigated the effect of salt intake on myenteric neuron size of the colon of adult male Wistar rats. The animals were placed on either a high-salt (HS; 8%; 12 animals) or a low-salt diet (LS; 0.15%; 12 animals) for 15 or 52 weeks and blood pressure was measured. The sizes of myenteric neurons of the distal colon from both groups were measured. No difference in neuron size was observed between the HS and LS groups after 15 weeks. After 52 weeks on HS, neuron size was increased (P<0.005) when compared with the LS group. The rats also presented hypertension, which was significantly different at 52 weeks (142 +/- 11 vs 119 +/- 7 mmHg). These results suggest that a long time on an HS diet can significantly increase myenteric nerve cell size.
Assuntos
Colo/efeitos dos fármacos , Plexo Mientérico/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Sódio na Dieta/farmacologia , Animais , Colo/inervação , Di-Hidrolipoamida Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Hipertensão/etiologia , Hipertrofia/induzido quimicamente , Masculino , Plexo Mientérico/enzimologia , Neurônios/patologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Sódio na Dieta/administração & dosagemRESUMO
In the present study we investigated the effect of salt intake on myenteric neuron size of the colon of adult male Wistar rats. The animals were placed on either a high-salt (HS; 8 percent; 12 animals) or a low-salt diet (LS; 0.15 percent; 12 animals) for 15 or 52 weeks and blood pressure was measured. The sizes of myenteric neurons of the distal colon from both groups were measured. No difference in neuron size was observed between the HS and LS groups after 15 weeks. After 52 weeks on HS, neuron size was increased (P<0.005) when compared with the LS group. The rats also presented hypertension, which was significantly different at 52 weeks (142 +/- 11 vs 119 +/- 7 mmHg). These results suggest that a long time on an HS diet can significantly increase myenteric nerve cell size.
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Masculino , Plexo Mientérico/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Sódio na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Colo/patologia , Di-Hidrolipoamida Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Hipertensão/etiologia , Plexo Mientérico/enzimologia , Ratos WistarRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: There is in Brazil a growing use of industrially produced medicines even during the female reprodutive cycle. During pregnancy two organisms are exposed to the effects of medicines but in the foetus this may result in toxicities with possible irreversible lesions. The present study aims at verifying the prevalence of the use of medicines during pregnancy in the studied population and its relationship with maternal characteristics, the pharmacological groups used and the source of prescription. METHODS: The use of medication was evaluated among 1,620 women that gave birth in five public, private and contracted hospitals in the city of S. Paulo between July and September 1993. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The relation between maternal schooling and kind of assistance in hospitals has revealed social inequality in the access to the several kinds of delivery assistance services. The prevalence of use of at least one medicine was 97.6% with an average of 4.2 drugs per woman. The prevalence of use of drugs by medical prescription and self-medication were 94.9% and 33.5%, respectively. The most used medications, excluding vitamins, mineral salts and vaccines, were analgesics, antacids, antispasmodics and antemetics. Users of the largest number of medicines were, characteristically, over 29, married, of university level, salaried workers and had access to private health services. Medical assistance had a facilitating role in access to the use of drugs during the gestational period of the population studied. Women need to be made aware of the potential risks they expose their foetuses to when using so many medicines. Physicians should reflect on their role in contributing to the solution to this problem.
Assuntos
Tratamento Farmacológico/estatística & dados numéricos , Gravidez , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Escolaridade , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/uso terapêutico , Prevalência , Automedicação/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
The effects of long-term diabetes mellitus on mineral metabolism and bone integrity remain ill defined. Several studies have shown that patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) have reduced bone mass. However, the effect of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) on bone mass has been controversial. Quantitative histologic assessments were completed in iliac crest bone samples obtained from 26 patients (13 male and 13 female) with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and normal renal function (serum creatinine 1.00 +/- 0.04 mg/dl). The mean age was 67.42 +/- 2.74 yrs, range 50-89 yrs. For the control group the bone samples were taken from 20 non-diabetic subjects (11 male and 9 female) with a mean age of 57.95 +/- 3.96 yrs, range 33-91 yrs, n.s, that had suffered sudden or violent death. Significant lower values were present in the diabetic group for bone volume (p < 0.0001), osteoid volume (p < 0.005), osteoid thickness (p < 0.0001), cortical thickness (p < 0.05) and osteoblast surface (p < 0.05). Linear regression analysis revealed significant positive correlations of osteoid volume with osteoid thickness and osteoid surface in both groups. Our results suggest that the mechanism(s) underlying diabetic osteopenia may involve decreased bone turnover as reflected in a paucity of osteoblasts and diminished quantities of osteoid. A proeminent additional feature was a reduction in the cortical thickness.
Assuntos
Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/etiologia , Osso e Ossos/patologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Análise de Variância , Densidade Óssea , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/patologia , Remodelação Óssea , Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise de RegressãoRESUMO
Three experiments were carried out in order to determine toxic levels of Cassia occidentalis seeds added to broiler feed. On the first two experiments 640 one day-old sexed broiler chicks were used. The level of inclusion in starter feed of the first trial were 0; 2; 4 and 6% and the mortality rates obtained were 5.77; 84.62; 100 and 100%, respectively. In the second trial, levels utilized were 0; 0.5; 1 and 2% and the mortality rates were 0; 3.29; 15.73 and 89.47%, respectively. 960 3-day-old sexed chicks were used in the third experiment. In the starter (4 to 31 days of age) and finisher (32 to 52 days) experimental rations the seeds were added at 0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4 and 0.5%. The final body weights were 2.01; 1.95; 1.95; 1.90; 1.77 and 1.58 kg, respectively, being the three highest level groups different from the control. Feed consumption (4.33; 4.32; 4.32; 4.28; 4.08 and 3.80 kg, respectively) and feed conversion (2.15; 2.21; 2.22; 2.25; 2.31 and 2.41, respectively) were significantly different at 0.4 and 0.5% of seed inclusion comparing to the control group. Histologic aspects of birds that were fed with toxic seeds were characterized by a degenerative process found in the heart, liver, pancreas, kidneys, skeletic muscle and intestines. Mortality rates were 2.77; 2.08; 2.08; 0.69; 0.69 and 0%, respectively.
Foram realizados três ensaios com o objetivo de se determinar o nível de toxicidade da contaminação de sementes de Cassia occidentalis na alimentação de frangos de corte. Nos dois primeiros ensaios foram utilizadas 640 aves de 1 dia de idade. Os níveis de adição da semente no primeiro ensaio foram, 0; 2; 4 e 6%, obtendo-se 5,77; 84,62; 100 e 100% de mortalidade, respectivamente. No segundo ensaio, os níveis utilizados foram 0; 0,5; 1 e 2%, obtendo-se 0; 3,29; 15,73 e 89,47% de mortalidade, respectivamente. No terceiro ensaio, utilizou-se 960 aves de 3 dias de idade. Adicionou-se a ração inicial (4-31 dias de idade) e final (32-52 dias) sementes moídas de fedegoso aos níveis de 0; 0,1; 0,2; 0,3; 0,4 e 0,5%. O peso médio final das aves foi 2,01; 1,95; 1,95; 1,90; 1,77 e 1,58 kg, respectivamente, observando-se diferença significativa (P 0,05%) em relação ao controle para 0,3; 0,4 e 0,5% de adição. Os valores médios de consumo (4,33; 4,32; 4,32; 4,28; 4,08 e 3,80 kg, respectivamente) e da conversão alimentar (2,15; 2,21; 2,22; 2,25; 2,31 e 2,41, respectivamente) foram significativamente diferentes (P 0,05%) para 0,4 e 0,5% de adição das sementes em relação ao grupo controle. O aspecto histológico de órgãos e tecidos das aves que receberam C.occidentalis, sacrificadas no término das fases inicial e final, foi característico de um processo degenerativo observado no coração, fígado, pâncreas, rins, músculo estriado esquelético e intestinos. Os percentuais de mortalidade foram 2,77; 2,08; 2,08; 0,69; 0,69 e 0%, respectivamente.