RESUMO
Exposure to heat stress (HS) in utero was postulated to trigger an adaptive molecular response that can be transmitted to the next generation. Hence, this study assessed the impact of HS exposure at different stages of the gestational period of mice on the female F1 population and their offspring. Heat stress exposure (41°C and 65% relative humidity-RH) occurred during the first half (FP), the second half (SP), or the entire pregnancy (TP). A control group (C) was maintained in normothermic conditions (25°C, 45% RH) throughout the experiment. Heat stress had a significant negative effect on intrauterine development, mainly when HS exposure occurred in the first half of pregnancy (FP and TP groups). Postnatal growth of FP and TP mice was hindered until 4 weeks of age. The total number of follicles per ovary did not vary (P > 0.05) between the control and HS-exposed groups. Mean numbers of primordial follicles were lower (P < 0.05) in the sexually mature FP than those in SP and TP F1 females. However, the mean number of viable embryos after superovulation was lower (P < 0.05) in TP compared with C group. The expression of genes associated with physiological and cellular response to HS, autophagy, and apoptosis was significantly affected in the ovarian tissue of F1 females and F2 in vivo-derived blastocysts in all HS-exposed groups. In conclusion, exposure to HS during pregnancy compromised somatic development and reproductive parameters as well as altered gene expression profile that was then transmitted to the next generation of mice.
Assuntos
Ovário , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Gravidez , Humanos , Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/genética , Folículo Ovariano/fisiologia , Resposta ao Choque Térmico/genética , Expressão GênicaRESUMO
The development of the digestive system in larvae of the Neotropical fish P. argenteus was analyzed histologically. On the 3rd day after hatching, the digestive system comprised oropharyngeal cavity, esophagus and simple undifferentiated tube. Since secreting cells, positive to Alcian Blue (AB), were found in the esophagus, digestive activity in the initial phase had occurred. On the 18 and 28th days after hatching, the esophagus was positive for AB and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stain. The stomach was fully differentiated, with the cardiac, fundic and pyloric regions. Different regions of the epithelium were characterized by basic and acidic secreting cells (AB and PAS positive). On the 18 and 28th days after hatching, the intestine was long, coiled and divided into proximal, middle and distal segments with pyloric ceca. Secreting cells in different regions of the gut were either positive or negative for AB and PAS. Results showed that larvae of P. argenteus exhibited digestive activity on the third day after hatching, with fully differentiated stomach and intestines on the 18 and 28th days and their different regions featuring secreting cells.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo acompanhar o desenvolvimento do sistema digestório em larvas do peixe Neotropical Prochilodus argenteus utilizando-se análises histológicas. No terceiro dia após a eclosão, o sistema digestório consistiu de cavidade orofaríngea, esôfago e um tubo simples indiferenciado. No entanto, as células do esôfago apresentavam marcação positivas para azul de Alcian (AB), indicando a possibilidade de ocorrência de atividade digestória nesta fase inicial. Nos dias 18 e 28 após a eclosão, as células do esôfago mostraram-se positivas para AB e ácido periódico de Schiff (PAS). O estômago se encontrava totalmente diferenciado, evidenciado pela presença da região cárdica, fúndica e pilórica. As células epiteliais dessas regiões apresentaram células secretoras ácidas e básicas (AB e PAS positivas). Nos dias 18 e 28 após a eclosão, o intestino da larva se mostrou longo, enrolado e dividido em segmentos proximal (com cecos pilóricos), médio e distal. As células epiteliais secretoras do intestino foram positivas ou negativas para a AB e PAS. Em conclusão, as larvas de P. argenteus exibiram atividade digestiva já no terceiro dia após a eclosão, e no 18 e 28o dias já apresentavam estômago e intestino totalmente diferenciados, com células secretoras nas suas diferentes regiões.
Assuntos
Animais , Peixes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Peixes/fisiologia , Sistema Digestório/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
The development of the digestive system in larvae of the Neotropical fish P. argenteus was analyzed histologically. On the 3rd day after hatching, the digestive system comprised oropharyngeal cavity, esophagus and simple undifferentiated tube. Since secreting cells, positive to Alcian Blue (AB), were found in the esophagus, digestive activity in the initial phase had occurred. On the 18 and 28th days after hatching, the esophagus was positive for AB and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stain. The stomach was fully differentiated, with the cardiac, fundic and pyloric regions. Different regions of the epithelium were characterized by basic and acidic secreting cells (AB and PAS positive). On the 18 and 28th days after hatching, the intestine was long, coiled and divided into proximal, middle and distal segments with pyloric ceca. Secreting cells in different regions of the gut were either positive or negative for AB and PAS. Results showed that larvae of P. argenteus exhibited digestive activity on the third day after hatching, with fully differentiated stomach and intestines on the 18 and 28th days and their different regions featuring secreting cells.(AU)
O presente estudo teve como objetivo acompanhar o desenvolvimento do sistema digestório em larvas do peixe Neotropical Prochilodus argenteus utilizando-se análises histológicas. No terceiro dia após a eclosão, o sistema digestório consistiu de cavidade orofaríngea, esôfago e um tubo simples indiferenciado. No entanto, as células do esôfago apresentavam marcação positivas para azul de Alcian (AB), indicando a possibilidade de ocorrência de atividade digestória nesta fase inicial. Nos dias 18 e 28 após a eclosão, as células do esôfago mostraram-se positivas para AB e ácido periódico de Schiff (PAS). O estômago se encontrava totalmente diferenciado, evidenciado pela presença da região cárdica, fúndica e pilórica. As células epiteliais dessas regiões apresentaram células secretoras ácidas e básicas (AB e PAS positivas). Nos dias 18 e 28 após a eclosão, o intestino da larva se mostrou longo, enrolado e dividido em segmentos proximal (com cecos pilóricos), médio e distal. As células epiteliais secretoras do intestino foram positivas ou negativas para a AB e PAS. Em conclusão, as larvas de P. argenteus exibiram atividade digestiva já no terceiro dia após a eclosão, e no 18 e 28o dias já apresentavam estômago e intestino totalmente diferenciados, com células secretoras nas suas diferentes regiões.(AU)