RESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sunflower cake inclusion and its association with crude glycerin in the diet of laying hens. A total of 320 laying hens with 39 weeks of age were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme with 5 replications of 8 birds. The studied factors were 4 inclusion levels of sunflower cake and 2 levels of crude glycerin. The inclusion of 210 g/kg of sunflower cake reduced egg mass and worsened feed conversion, and after the level 70 g/kg there was reduction in yolk coloration and specific density of eggs with or without the addition of glycerin in the diet. The addition of 70 g/kg of crude glycerin reduced the specific density of eggs in all levels of sunflower cake. There was increase in phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and antioxidant activity in eggs and reduction in lipid oxidation of yolks from fresh and stored eggs, with the inclusion of sunflower cake. The addition of crude glycerin increased the lipid oxidation of egg yolks. Therefore, it is possible to include up to 140 g/kg sunflower cake in the diet of laying hens, with or without crude glycerin, without impairing performance and egg quality, obtaining higher antioxidant capacity of eggs and lower lipid oxidation in yolks from fresh and stored eggs. The inclusion of 70 g/kg crude glycerin does not affect laying hens performance, however, it worsens shell quality and increases lipid oxidation in the liver and egg yolks.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Helianthus , Animais , Feminino , Ração Animal/análise , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Galinhas , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais , Gema de Ovo , Ovos , Glicerol/farmacologia , Lipídeos/farmacologia , ÓvuloRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of using calcium anacardate (CaA) as a source of anacardic acid and its association with citric acid (CA) in diets for breeding quails on the performance, the egg quality, incubation parameters, and progeny performance. Were used 540 quails European quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) that were 21 weeks old, housed in laying cages based on a completely randomized design, with nine treatments and six replications of 10 quails per parcel, with each experimental unit having eight females and two males. The following additions to the diet were evaluated: 1, no addition (control diet); 2, 0.25% CaA; 3, 0.25% CaA and 0.25% CA; 4, 0.50% CaA; 5, 0.50% CaA and 0.25% CA; 6, 0.50% CaA and 0.50% CA; 7, 0.75% CaA; 8, 0.75% CaA and 0.25% CA; and 9, 0.75% CaA and 0.50% CA. The treatments had no significant effects on the performance of the breeding quails, incubation parameters, and progeny performance. For egg quality, there was only an effect on yolk lipid oxidation, which was lower for eggs from quails fed the diets containing 0.50% CaA and 0.25% CA, 0.50% CaA and 0.50% CA, or 0.75% CaA alone, when compared with the control group. Considering that including CaA with or without CA in diets for breeding quails only affected yolk lipid oxidation, it can be recommend including 0.50% CaA and 0.25% CA or 0.75% CaA alone to mitigate oxidative damage in the yolk of fertile eggs.
Assuntos
Cálcio , Codorniz , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Coturnix , Óvulo , Cálcio da Dieta , Dieta/veterinária , Carne , Ácido Cítrico , LipídeosRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of cardanol in the diet of quails on productive performance, egg quality, reproductive performance, and progeny performance. A total of three hundred European quail breeders of 32 weeks of age, with average body weights of 305.98 g, were housed in laying cages in groups (4 females and 1 male), following a distribution in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 6 replications of 10 quails, being the experimental unit constituted by the set of two cages. The treatments consisted of diets with 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00% of cardanol. There was reduction in the performance of the quail with the inclusion of 1.00% of cardanol in the diet when compared to the control treatment, while egg weight and egg mass were lower in the treatments with 0.75 and 1.00% of cardanol, respectively. It was observed that there was decrease in the specific gravity, and increase in color and TBARS value of the yolk in all treatments with cardanol. The inclusion of 0.50% of cardanol decreased the percentage of albumen, and increased the percentage of yolk, while the shell thickness decreased with 0.75%. The weight of the incubated eggs and the chick weight at hatching were lower in the treatments with 0.75 and 1.00% of cardanol. In the evaluation of the progeny performance, it was found that the weight at 7 days of age of chicks from breeders fed the diet containing 1.00% of cardanol was decreased when compared to the chicks from breeders fed the control diet. It was concluded that the inclusion of cardanol did not present benefits to the quail breeders.
Assuntos
Óvulo , Codorniz , Masculino , Animais , Feminino , Carne , Fenóis , GalinhasRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, energy values and nutrient metabolizability coefficients of corn grown using different organic fertilizers and its use for feeding slow-growing broilers. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, two hundred 21-day-old broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and four replicates of 10 birds per experimental unit. The treatments were a control diet and four test diets (corn fertilized with crotalaria, corn fertilized with millet, corn fertilized with humus, and corn without fertilization), including corn at 30% in the control diet. The apparent metabolizable energy, apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance, and apparent metabolizability coefficients of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy were determined. In the performance trial, two hundred and fifty 1-day-old chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design into five treatments (T1 control diet with commercial corn, T2 corn without fertilization, T3 corn fertilized with humus, T4 corn fertilized with millet and T5 corn fertilized with crotalaria) and five replicates of 10 birds per experimental unit. Weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and final weight at 20 days were evaluated. The AME and AMEn values of corn fertilized with crotalaria, millet, humus and corn...(AU)
Objetivou-se no presente trabalho avaliar o milho cultivado com diferentes adubos orgânicos sobre a composição química, valores energéticos, coeficientes de metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes e sua utilização na alimentação de frangos de crescimento lento. Foram realizados dois experimentos, no primeiro experimento foram utilizadas duzentas aves de 21 dias de idade, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos, 4 repetições de 10 aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de dieta referência e testes (milho adubado com crotalária, milho adubado com milheto, milho adubado com húmus e milho sem adubação), nas quais os milhos substituíram 30% da dieta referência. Foram determinados avaliados a energia metabolizável aparente, energia metabolizável aparente corrigida para o balanço de nitrogênio, os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade aparente da matéria seca, proteína bruta e energia bruta. No ensaio de desempenho, foram utilizados duzentos e cinquenta pintos de 1 dia, distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos (T1 ração referência com milho comercial, T2 ração com milho sem adubação, T3 ração com milho adubado com húmus, T4 ração com milho adubado com milheto e T5 ração com milho adubado com crotalária) e cinco repetições de 10 aves por unidade experimental. Foram avaliados o...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Esterco , Zea mays/química , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Composição de Alimentos , 24444RESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate poultry performance and diet metabolisability in slow- growing naked neck chickens fed different substitution levels of soybean meal protein with cottonseed cake protein. The trial was conducted in a completely randomized design with five treatments (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% substitution of soybean meal protein with cottonseed cake protein), six replicates and fifteen birds per replicate. The birds and diets of each experimental unit were weighed at one day old. At 30, 60 and 85 days old, the chickens and leftovers were weighed again to estimate the feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), feed conversion (FC) and final weight (FW) from 1 to 30 days, from 1 to 60 days and from 1 to 85 days old. To evaluate diet metabolisability, a three-day total excreta collection (26 to 28 days of age) was performed. A quadratic effect was reported for diet metabolisability, in which the minimum substitution level was 17.45% and 17.69% for apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolisable energy (AMEn), respectively. Based on performance, it is recommended to replace 40% soybean meal protein with cottonseed cake protein.(AU)
O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o desempenho das aves e a metabolizabilidade das dietas de frangos de crescimento lento, da linhagem pescoço pelado, alimentados níveis distintos de substituição da proteína do farelo de soja pela proteína da torta de algodão. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos (0, 10, 20, 30 e 40% de substituição da proteína do farelo de soja pela proteína da torta de algodão), seis repetições e quinze aves por repetição. Com um dia de idade foram pesadas as aves e as dietas de cada unidade experimental. E aos 30, 60 e 85 dias de idade as aves e as sobras das dietas foram pesadas novamente para contabilizar o consumo de ração (CR), ganho de peso (GP), conversão alimentar (CA) e peso final (PF) das aves no período de 1 a 30 dias, de 1 a 60 dias e de 1 a 85 dias de idade. Para avaliação da metabolizabilidade das dietas foi realizada a coleta total de excretas por três dias (26 a 28 dias de idade). Foi identificado efeito quadrático no ensaio de metabolizabilidade das dietas em que o nível mínimo de substituição foi de 17,45% e 17,69% para EMA e EMAn, respectivamente. Com base no desempenho recomenda-se 40% de substituição da proteína do farelo de soja pela proteína da torta de algodão.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Recém-Nascido , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Galinhas/fisiologia , Gossypium/efeitos adversos , Ração Animal/efeitos adversos , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Alimentos de Soja , MultimisturasRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate poultry performance and diet metabolisability in slow- growing naked neck chickens fed different substitution levels of soybean meal protein with cottonseed cake protein. The trial was conducted in a completely randomized design with five treatments (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% substitution of soybean meal protein with cottonseed cake protein), six replicates and fifteen birds per replicate. The birds and diets of each experimental unit were weighed at one day old. At 30, 60 and 85 days old, the chickens and leftovers were weighed again to estimate the feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), feed conversion (FC) and final weight (FW) from 1 to 30 days, from 1 to 60 days and from 1 to 85 days old. To evaluate diet metabolisability, a three-day total excreta collection (26 to 28 days of age) was performed. A quadratic effect was reported for diet metabolisability, in which the minimum substitution level was 17.45% and 17.69% for apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolisable energy (AMEn), respectively. Based on performance, it is recommended to replace 40% soybean meal protein with cottonseed cake protein.
O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o desempenho das aves e a metabolizabilidade das dietas de frangos de crescimento lento, da linhagem pescoço pelado, alimentados níveis distintos de substituição da proteína do farelo de soja pela proteína da torta de algodão. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos (0, 10, 20, 30 e 40% de substituição da proteína do farelo de soja pela proteína da torta de algodão), seis repetições e quinze aves por repetição. Com um dia de idade foram pesadas as aves e as dietas de cada unidade experimental. E aos 30, 60 e 85 dias de idade as aves e as sobras das dietas foram pesadas novamente para contabilizar o consumo de ração (CR), ganho de peso (GP), conversão alimentar (CA) e peso final (PF) das aves no período de 1 a 30 dias, de 1 a 60 dias e de 1 a 85 dias de idade. Para avaliação da metabolizabilidade das dietas foi realizada a coleta total de excretas por três dias (26 a 28 dias de idade). Foi identificado efeito quadrático no ensaio de metabolizabilidade das dietas em que o nível mínimo de substituição foi de 17,45% e 17,69% para EMA e EMAn, respectivamente. Com base no desempenho recomenda-se 40% de substituição da proteína do farelo de soja pela proteína da torta de algodão.
Assuntos
Animais , Recém-Nascido , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Galinhas/fisiologia , Gossypium/efeitos adversos , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Ração Animal/efeitos adversos , Alimentos de SojaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, energy values and nutrient metabolizability coefficients of corn grown using different organic fertilizers and its use for feeding slow-growing broilers. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, two hundred 21-day-old broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and four replicates of 10 birds per experimental unit. The treatments were a control diet and four test diets (corn fertilized with crotalaria, corn fertilized with millet, corn fertilized with humus, and corn without fertilization), including corn at 30% in the control diet. The apparent metabolizable energy, apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance, and apparent metabolizability coefficients of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy were determined. In the performance trial, two hundred and fifty 1-day-old chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design into five treatments (T1 control diet with commercial corn, T2 corn without fertilization, T3 corn fertilized with humus, T4 corn fertilized with millet and T5 corn fertilized with crotalaria) and five replicates of 10 birds per experimental unit. Weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and final weight at 20 days were evaluated. The AME and AMEn values of corn fertilized with crotalaria, millet, humus and corn...
Objetivou-se no presente trabalho avaliar o milho cultivado com diferentes adubos orgânicos sobre a composição química, valores energéticos, coeficientes de metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes e sua utilização na alimentação de frangos de crescimento lento. Foram realizados dois experimentos, no primeiro experimento foram utilizadas duzentas aves de 21 dias de idade, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos, 4 repetições de 10 aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de dieta referência e testes (milho adubado com crotalária, milho adubado com milheto, milho adubado com húmus e milho sem adubação), nas quais os milhos substituíram 30% da dieta referência. Foram determinados avaliados a energia metabolizável aparente, energia metabolizável aparente corrigida para o balanço de nitrogênio, os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade aparente da matéria seca, proteína bruta e energia bruta. No ensaio de desempenho, foram utilizados duzentos e cinquenta pintos de 1 dia, distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos (T1 ração referência com milho comercial, T2 ração com milho sem adubação, T3 ração com milho adubado com húmus, T4 ração com milho adubado com milheto e T5 ração com milho adubado com crotalária) e cinco repetições de 10 aves por unidade experimental. Foram avaliados o...
Assuntos
Animais , Composição de Alimentos , Esterco , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Zea mays/química , 24444RESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sorghums grown with different organic fertilizers on the chemical composition, energy values, and nutrient metabolizability coefficients, as well as their use for feeding slow-growing broilers. Two trials were performed. In the first experiment, 200 21-day-old broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design (CRD), with five treatments and four replicates of 10 birds per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a control diet and four test diets (sorghum fertilized with crotalaria, sorghum fertilized with millet, sorghum fertilized with humus, and sorghum without fertilization), including sorghum at 30% in the control diet. The apparent metabolizable energy (AME), apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn), metabolizability coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy were evaluated. In trial 2, 200 1-day-old chicks were used in a CRD with five treatments (T1 control diet with commercial corn, T2 sorghum fertilized with crotalaria, T3 sorghum fertilized with millet, T4 sorghum fertilized with humus, and T5 sorghum without fertilization) and four replicates of 10 birds per experimental unit. Weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, and final weight at 28 days were evaluated. The values of AME and AMEn of sorghums fertilized with crotalaria, millet, humus, and sorghum without fertilization were 2894 Kcalkg-1 and 2881 Kcal kg-1; 2736 Kcal kg-1 and 2675 Kcal kg-1; 2727 Kcal kg-1 and 2694 Kcal kg-1; and 2994Kcal kg-1 and 2959 Kcal kg-1, respectively. The metabolizable coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy were 76.04%, 42.01%, and 75.25% for sorghum fertilized with crotalaria; 77.50%, 50.77%, and 75.95% for sorghum fertilized with millet; 77.62%, 46.39%, and 75.54% for sorghumfertilized with humus; and 75.83%, 39.53%, and 74.71% for sorghum cultivated without fertilization,respectively. The dietary use of sorghum cultivated...(AU)
Objetivou-se no presente trabalho avaliar o sorgo cultivado com diferentes adubos orgânicos sobre a composição química, valores energéticos, coeficientes de metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes e sua utilização na alimentação de frangos de crescimento lento. Foram realizados dois experimentos, no primeiro foram utilizadas 200 aves de 21 dias de idade, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições de 10 aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma dieta referência e quatro dietas testes (sorgo adubado com crotalária, sorgo adubado com milheto, sorgo adubado com húmus e sorgo sem adubação), na qual os sorgos substituíram 30% da dieta referência. Foram avaliados a energia metabolizável aparente (EMA), energia metabolizável aparente corrigida para o balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn), os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade da matéria seca, proteína bruta e energia bruta. No ensaio de desempenho, foram utilizados 200 pintos de 1 dia de idade, distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos (T1 - ração referência com milho comercial, T2 ração com sorgo adubado com crotalária, T3 ração com sorgo adubado com milheto, T4 ração com sorgo adubado com húmus e T5 ração com sorgo sem adubação) e quatro repetições de 10 aves por unidade experimental. Foram avaliados o ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar e o peso finalaos 28 dias. Os valores determinados de EMA e EMAn dos sorgos adubados com crotalária, milheto,húmus e o sorgo sem adubação foram de 2894 Kcal kg-1 e 2881 Kcal kg-1; 2736 Kcal kg-1 e 2675 Kcalkg-1; 2727 Kcal kg-1 e 2694 Kcal kg-1; 2994 Kcal kg-1 e 2959 Kcal kg-1, respectivamente, e os coeficientesde metabolizabilidade da MS, PB e EB foram: 76,04%, 42,01% e 75,25% para o sorgo adubado comcrotalária; 77,50%, 50,77% e 75,95% para o sorgo adubado com milheto; 77,62%, 46,39% e 75,54%para o sorgo adubado com húmus e 75,83%, 39,53% e...(AU)
Assuntos
Sorghum/química , Sorghum/enzimologia , Avaliação Nutricional , CompostagemRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sorghums grown with different organic fertilizers on the chemical composition, energy values, and nutrient metabolizability coefficients, as well as their use for feeding slow-growing broilers. Two trials were performed. In the first experiment, 200 21-day-old broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design (CRD), with five treatments and four replicates of 10 birds per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a control diet and four test diets (sorghum fertilized with crotalaria, sorghum fertilized with millet, sorghum fertilized with humus, and sorghum without fertilization), including sorghum at 30% in the control diet. The apparent metabolizable energy (AME), apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn), metabolizability coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy were evaluated. In trial 2, 200 1-day-old chicks were used in a CRD with five treatments (T1 control diet with commercial corn, T2 sorghum fertilized with crotalaria, T3 sorghum fertilized with millet, T4 sorghum fertilized with humus, and T5 sorghum without fertilization) and four replicates of 10 birds per experimental unit. Weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, and final weight at 28 days were evaluated. The values of AME and AMEn of sorghums fertilized with crotalaria, millet, humus, and sorghum without fertilization were 2894 Kcalkg-1 and 2881 Kcal kg-1; 2736 Kcal kg-1 and 2675 Kcal kg-1; 2727 Kcal kg-1 and 2694 Kcal kg-1; and 2994Kcal kg-1 and 2959 Kcal kg-1, respectively. The metabolizable coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy were 76.04%, 42.01%, and 75.25% for sorghum fertilized with crotalaria; 77.50%, 50.77%, and 75.95% for sorghum fertilized with millet; 77.62%, 46.39%, and 75.54% for sorghumfertilized with humus; and 75.83%, 39.53%, and 74.71% for sorghum cultivated without fertilization,respectively. The dietary use of sorghum cultivated...
Objetivou-se no presente trabalho avaliar o sorgo cultivado com diferentes adubos orgânicos sobre a composição química, valores energéticos, coeficientes de metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes e sua utilização na alimentação de frangos de crescimento lento. Foram realizados dois experimentos, no primeiro foram utilizadas 200 aves de 21 dias de idade, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições de 10 aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma dieta referência e quatro dietas testes (sorgo adubado com crotalária, sorgo adubado com milheto, sorgo adubado com húmus e sorgo sem adubação), na qual os sorgos substituíram 30% da dieta referência. Foram avaliados a energia metabolizável aparente (EMA), energia metabolizável aparente corrigida para o balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn), os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade da matéria seca, proteína bruta e energia bruta. No ensaio de desempenho, foram utilizados 200 pintos de 1 dia de idade, distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos (T1 - ração referência com milho comercial, T2 ração com sorgo adubado com crotalária, T3 ração com sorgo adubado com milheto, T4 ração com sorgo adubado com húmus e T5 ração com sorgo sem adubação) e quatro repetições de 10 aves por unidade experimental. Foram avaliados o ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar e o peso finalaos 28 dias. Os valores determinados de EMA e EMAn dos sorgos adubados com crotalária, milheto,húmus e o sorgo sem adubação foram de 2894 Kcal kg-1 e 2881 Kcal kg-1; 2736 Kcal kg-1 e 2675 Kcalkg-1; 2727 Kcal kg-1 e 2694 Kcal kg-1; 2994 Kcal kg-1 e 2959 Kcal kg-1, respectivamente, e os coeficientesde metabolizabilidade da MS, PB e EB foram: 76,04%, 42,01% e 75,25% para o sorgo adubado comcrotalária; 77,50%, 50,77% e 75,95% para o sorgo adubado com milheto; 77,62%, 46,39% e 75,54%para o sorgo adubado com húmus e 75,83%, 39,53% e...