RESUMO
Abstract This study aimed to present the process of elaborating the Adolescent Assertiveness Assessment Scale (AAA-S). Based on the analysis of judges, evidence of the validity of the content of the instrument was established, assessing the criteria of relevance, pertinence, and clarity of the items. In addition, a study with a sample of the instrument's target population showed good indices for the comprehensibility of the items (semantic validity). Based on these results, the illustrated version of the instrument was elaborated, which underpins the general scope of the psychometric study on the construct validity and accuracy of AAA-S and sheds light on the development of new studies on the factorial validity of the instrument.
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar o processo de elaboração da escala de avaliação das Habilidades Assertivas para Adolescentes (EHA-A). A partir da análise de juízes foi possível observar evidências de validade de conteúdo do instrumento, sendo avaliados critérios de pertinência, relevância e clareza dos itens. Além disso, um estudo com uma amostra da população-alvo do instrumento demonstrou bons índices de compreensibilidade dos itens (validade semântica). A partir desses resultados, foi elaborada a versão ilustrada do instrumento, a qual corrobora com o escopo geral da investigação psicométrica acerca da validade de construto e da precisão da EHA-A, lançando luz para o desenvolvimento de novos estudos acerca da validade fatorial do instrumento.
RESUMO
Este estudo analisou as representações sociais do trânsito para motoristas brasileiros. Participaram 110 pessoas, com idades entre 19 e 62 anos (M = 27,9; DP = 9,44), de diferentes regiões do Brasil. Os sujeitos responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e um teste de associação livre de palavras (TALP) com os estímulos indutores "motociclistas", "pedestres" e "engarrafamento". Os resultados demonstraram que os motoristas, em sua maior parte, representam o trânsito brasileiro de modo pessimista e negativo. A palavra "estresse" foi a mais utilizada para representar o "engarrafamento". Os dados são discutidos à luz da psicologia social e do trânsito.
This study aimed to investigate the social representation of traffic for Brazilian drivers. The sample was 110 people, aged between 19 and 62 years old (M = 27.9, SD = 9.44), living in different regions from Brazil. A word association test (WAT) was performed with three stimulus inductors, "motorcyclists", "pedestrians" and "traffic jam". The results showed that drivers, for the most part, represent Brazilian traffic in a pessimistic and negative way. In this sense, the word "stress" was used as more frequent to stimulus "traffic jam". The findings are discussed in the light of social and traffic psychology.
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar las representaciones sociales del tráfico brasileño para los motoristas. Participaron en el estudio un total de 110 personas, de 19 a 62 años (M = 27.9; SD = 9.44), de diferentes regiones de Brasil. Los participantes respondieron un cuestionario sociodemográfico y una prueba de asociación de palabras (PAP) con los estímulos inductores "motocicleta", "peatón" y "embotellamiento". Los resultados mostraron que los conductores, en su mayor parte, representan el tráfico brasileño de una manera pesimista y negativa. Por ejemplo, la palabra "estrés" se usó como más frecuente para el estímulo "embotellamiento". Los hallazgos se discuten a la luz de la psicología social y del tráfico.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Estresse Psicológico , Acidentes , Acidentes de Trânsito , Defesa do PacienteRESUMO
Situations of public calamity, such as that caused by COVID-19 pandemic, strongly impact mental health, especially among people who feel most anxious about the imminence of death, as highlighted by the Terror Management Theory. In this research, we investigated how and under which conditions concerns about death itself and anxiety are related to psychological well-being. Specifically, we assessed the role of fear caused by the prominence of death (contextual and dispositional) in anxiety and well-being during the pandemic. Participants were 352 Brazilians, who answered a measurement of fear of death and read a news story about COVID-19. The manipulated news brought the idea of death to prominence (vs. non-prominence). After reading the news, the participants answered scales of anxiety and psychological well-being. The results showed that individual differences in fear of death related to well-being, and that this relationship was mediated by anxiety in face of COVID-19. Contrastingly, the manipulation of the salience of death in the news did not affect this relationship. These results contribute to the understanding of a psychological process related with fluctuations in individuals' well-being during the pandemic, offering insights for future studies that can promote better coping conditions during this period of world crisis.