RESUMO
We report a genomic selection (GS) study of growth and wood quality traits in an outbred F2 hybrid Eucalyptus population (n=768) using high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping. Going beyond previous reports in forest trees, models were developed for different selection targets, namely, families, individuals within families and individuals across the entire population using a genomic model including dominance. To provide a more breeder-intelligible assessment of the performance of GS we calculated the expected response as the percentage gain over the population average expected genetic value (EGV) for different proportions of genomically selected individuals, using a rigorous cross-validation (CV) scheme that removed relatedness between training and validation sets. Predictive abilities (PAs) were 0.40-0.57 for individual selection and 0.56-0.75 for family selection. PAs under an additive+dominance model improved predictions by 5 to 14% for growth depending on the selection target, but no improvement was seen for wood traits. The good performance of GS with no relatedness in CV suggested that our average SNP density (~25 kb) captured some short-range linkage disequilibrium. Truncation GS successfully selected individuals with an average EGV significantly higher than the population average. Response to GS on a per year basis was ~100% more efficient than by phenotypic selection and more so with higher selection intensities. These results contribute further experimental data supporting the positive prospects of GS in forest trees. Because generation times are long, traits are complex and costs of DNA genotyping are plummeting, genomic prediction has good perspectives of adoption in tree breeding practice.
Assuntos
Cruzamento , Eucalyptus/fisiologia , Modelos Genéticos , Seleção Genética , Eucalyptus/genética , Genômica , Genótipo , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo ÚnicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The bio-stimulation effect of laser has been observed in many areas of Medicine. However, there are a few works which investigate its use for liver regeneration. Most of their results were inconclusive due to the use of high power lasers. This work was carried out to investigate the bio-stimulation effect of laser in liver regeneration using low power lasers. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used Wistar male rats, which were irradiated with laser light (wavelength 590 nm and intensity of 50 mW/cm(2)) for 5 minutes after 70% hepatectomy. The respiratory mitochondrial activity, the serum level of aminotransferase and the PCNA were measured. RESULTS: Our results show a dramatic increase in the mitochondrial activity for the laser treated group at 24 hours after the hepatectomy. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the laser promotes a bio-stimulation effect on the early stages of liver regeneration without any detectable damage of the cells.
Assuntos
Terapia a Laser , Regeneração Hepática , Animais , Hepatectomia , Masculino , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/efeitos da radiação , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Bradykinin has been reported to act as a growth factor for fibroblasts, mesangial cells and keratinocytes. Recently, we reported that bradykinin augments liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is also a powerful bradykinin-degrading enzyme. We have investigated the effect of ACE inhibition by lisinopril on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Adult male Wistar rats underwent 70% partial hepatectomy (PH). The animals received lisinopril at a dose of 1 mg kg body weight(-1) day(-1), or saline solution, intraperitoneally, for 5 days before hepatectomy, and daily after surgery. Four to six animals from the lisinopril and saline groups were sacrificed at 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 120 h after PH. Liver regeneration was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen using the PC-10 monoclonal antibody. The value for the lisinopril-treated group was three-fold above the corresponding control at 12 h after PH (P<0.001), remaining elevated at approximately two-fold above control values at 24, 36, 48 (P<0.001), and at 72 h (P<0.01) after PH, but values did not reach statistical difference at 120 h after PH. Plasma ACE activity measured by radioenzymatic assay was significantly higher in the saline group than in the lisinopril-treated group (P<0.001), with 81% ACE inhibition. The present study shows that plasma ACE inhibition enhances liver regeneration after PH in rats. Since it was reported that bradykinin also augments liver regeneration after PH, this may explain the liver growth stimulating effect of ACE inhibitors.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/farmacologia , Lisinopril/farmacologia , Regeneração Hepática/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/sangue , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/metabolismo , Animais , Bradicinina/farmacologia , Divisão Celular , Imunoquímica , Lisinopril/sangue , Lisinopril/metabolismo , Fígado/citologia , Regeneração Hepática/fisiologia , Masculino , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/análise , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Bradykinin has been reported to act as a growth factor for fibroblasts, mesangial cells and keratinocytes. Recently, we reported that bradykinin augments liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is also a powerful bradykinin-degrading enzyme. We have investigated the effect of ACE inhibition by lisinopril on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Adult male Wistar rats underwent 70 percent partial hepatectomy (PH). The animals received lisinopril at a dose of 1 mg kg body weight-1 day-1, or saline solution, intraperitoneally, for 5 days before hepatectomy, and daily after surgery. Four to six animals from the lisinopril and saline groups were sacrificed at 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 120 h after PH. Liver regeneration was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen using the PC-10 monoclonal antibody. The value for the lisinopril-treated group was three-fold above the corresponding control at 12 h after PH (P<0.001), remaining elevated at approximately two-fold above control values at 24, 36, 48 (P<0.001), and at 72 h (P<0.01) after PH, but values did not reach statistical difference at 120 h after PH. Plasma ACE activity measured by radioenzymatic assay was significantly higher in the saline group than in the lisinopril-treated group (P<0.001), with 81 percent ACE inhibition. The present study shows that plasma ACE inhibition enhances liver regeneration after PH in rats. Since it was reported that bradykinin also augments liver regeneration after PH, this may explain the liver growth stimulating effect of ACE inhibitors
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/farmacologia , Lisinopril/farmacologia , Regeneração Hepática/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/sangue , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/metabolismo , Bradicinina/farmacologia , Divisão Celular , Imuno-Histoquímica , Lisinopril/sangue , Lisinopril/metabolismo , Fígado/citologia , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/análise , Ratos Wistar , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The present study is the result of an essay written for the discipline Research Laboratory of Nursing History. It refers to the interest and struggle of the Brazilian Association of Nursing (ABEN), in the 1940s, in Rio de Janeiro, to make professionals of this area aware of the need of the inclusion of nursing in the psychiatric field in Rio de Janeiro. Our objective is to present the difficulties of this insertion, although the beginnings and the regulation of the nursing profession in Brazil started in a school of nursing, in the Psychiatric Hospital of Rio de Janeiro. In order to present the difficulties for this inclusion, we analyzed the documents that prescribed the regulation of the nursing profession, in the psychiatric area of the hospital mentioned above. Results indicate that standards established by Anna Nery Nursing School were broken, since psychiatric assistance was denied by this school until 1949, while the Nursing School Alfredo Pinto provided this kind of care since 1890. It is important to point out the strategic and historical role of ABEn as the coordinator and motivator of discussions regarding the course of the nursing profession.
Assuntos
Enfermagem Psiquiátrica/história , Brasil , História do Século XX , Hospitais Psiquiátricos/história , Enfermagem Psiquiátrica/educação , Enfermagem Psiquiátrica/legislação & jurisprudência , Escolas de Enfermagem/históriaRESUMO
Através do estudo das aminotransferases, este trabalho investiga os efeitos da irradiação laser como agente lesivo ao fígado cirrótico de ratos hepatectomizados. A cirrose hepática foi induzida por ligadura do ducto biliar comum. Os resultados revelaram ausência de lesão hepática adicional nos grupos cirróticos após irradiação.
RESUMO
O objetivo deste experimento foi o desenvolvimento de um modelo de obstrução do ducto biliar comum através da interposição de uma prótese de silicone extrínseca ao ducto com única ligadura sem secção. Desenvolveu-se um modelo experimental alternativo, em ratos Wistar, que provoca a interrupção do fluxo bílio-duodenal com resultado satisfatório, pois houve distorção da arquitetura hepática, caracterizada por fibrose e proliferação ductal além de indicadores bioquímicos da colestase.
RESUMO
Através da determinação do potencial de membrana mitocondrial, o presente estudo relata os efeitos da irradiação laser sobre o estado energético do fígado cirrótico de ratos hepatectomizados. A cirrose hepática foi induzida por ligadura do ducto biliar comum. Os resultados revelaram melhora do status energético do fígado após irradiação.
RESUMO
O presente estudo tem por objetivo verificar o comportamento da fosfatase alcalina sobre o fígado cirrótico, submetido à hepatectomia ou não, após a aplicação de laser. A cirrose hepática foi induzida em ratos Wistar por ligadura do ducto biliar comum durante 4 semanas. Os resultados revelaram que em todos os grupos cirróticos os valores da FA foram maiores que o controle, mas entre os grupos cirróticos não houve diferença.
RESUMO
O presente estudo tem por objetivo verificar o comportamento da fosfatase alcalina sobre o fígado cirrótico, submetido à hepatectomia ou não, após a aplicação de laser. A cirrose hepática foi induzida em ratos Wistar por ligadura do ducto biliar comum durante 4 semanas. Os resultados revelaram que em todos os grupos cirróticos os valores da FA foram maiores que o controle, mas entre os grupos cirróticos não houve diferença.