RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to verify whether a single oral dose of gabapentin (100 mg) or melatonin (3 mg) given 60 mins before a cardiac evaluation would reduce anxiety without interfering with heart rate (HR), systemic blood pressure (SBP), electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiographic indexes. METHODS: Seventy-five client-owned healthy cats underwent two sets of cardiac assessments 60 mins apart, randomly divided into gabapentin, melatonin and placebo groups. The interval between treatment and the second ECG and SBP measurement was 60 mins, and 70 mins for echocardiography. A compliance score (CS) classified the behavior, focusing on the ease of handling. RESULTS: Most variables did not change between the examinations. The placebo group showed more significant changes (SBP, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, HR during echocardiography, aortic flow velocity, S' wave from lateral mitral annulus), but they were not considered to be hemodynamically relevant. Gabapentin and melatonin significantly increased the cats' compliance without interfering with cardiac assessment. Eight cats presented with mild sedation, seven after gabapentin and one after melatonin. No major side effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Gabapentin tranquilized the cats when it was given 60 mins prior to ECG and SBP measurement, and 70 mins prior to echocardiography, without interfering with systolic echocardiographic indexes. Melatonin also decreased the CS, but without sedation in most cases. The waiting period may have relaxed the cats in the placebo group, resulting in lower SBP measurements. However, this tranquility did not last as some echocardiographic changes signaled a sympathetic predominance.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Volume replacement is considered an essential component in the treatment of critically ill patients, but excess f luid administration can be as harmful as the lack of fluid therapy. Therefore, the volume replacement is only beneficial in patients deemed to be fluid responsive, that is, when the individual has an increase in their stroke volume after administration of a volume challenge. This study aim to assess whether conventional and advanced echocardiographic parameters for assessing left ventricular systolic function are able to predict fluid responsiveness in healthy spontaneously breathing dogs. The hypothesis was that some of these parameters would differ between responsive and non-responsive animals and could be used as a complementary measure for assessment of fluid responsiveness. Materials, Methods & Results: A prospective study was carried out in which 22 client-owned healthy dogs over 1 year of age that presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital for elective neutering procedure were included. All dogs underwent conventional and advanced echocardiographic examination to obtain the left ventricular internal diameter in diastole normalized (LVIDDn), left ventricular internal diameter in systole normalized (LVIDSn), ejection fraction (EF) and shortening fraction (SF) according to the Teischholz methodology, global longitudinal strain (GLS) and tissue motion annular displacement (TMAD). There parameters were evaluated before and after administration of a volume challenge with 10 mL/kg lactate ringer intravenously for 20 min. Based on the variation in aortic velocity integral time, 31.82% of dogs were considered responsive and 68.18% were non-responsive to the volume challenge. For advanced echocardiography, TMAD indexed by body weight (mm/kg) > 0.89 (P = 0.004) and body surface area (mm/m2) >18.9 (P = 0.004) after volume challenge had the best area...

Assuntos

RESUMO

Cardiopatias felinas apresentam importante relevância na rotina veterinária, todavia os seus aspectos epidemiológicos em gatos não são conhecidos regionalmente. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a frequência das cardiopatias na região Norte e Vale do Itajaí no estado de Santa Catarina e determinar a sobrevida de pacientes cardiopatas e não cardiopatas. O estudo contou com a análise retrospectiva de 74 laudos ecocardiográficos e prontuários médicos de gatos oriundos de estabelecimentos veterinários da região, de janeiro de 2017 a dezembro de 2019. Tutores ou veterinários responsáveis foram contatados para averiguar a sobrevida dos animais. Os animais do estudo em sua maioria eram machos (n=40/74) e sem raça definida (n=47/74). Cardiomiopatia foi o diagnóstico mais comum (n=21/74), com destaque para o fenótipo hipertrófica (n=13/21). As cardiomiopatias foram diagnosticadas mais comumente em gatos acima de oito anos de idade. Os principais sinais clínicos nos gatos sintomáticos (n=41/74) foram sopro (n=15/41) e dispneia (n=6/41). Os principais achados ecocardiográficos foram hipertrofia concêntrica da parede livre do ventrículo esquerdo (n=18/41) e dilatação do átrio esquerdo (n=12/41). A mediana de sobrevida dos 74 gatos foi de 303±209.8 dias, estando altamente relacionado com a classe do estadiamento clínico (P=0,006). Gatos com fenótipo dilatada tiveram menor média de sobrevida (180.5 dias). As doenças concomitantes mais observadas foram doença renal crônica (n=7/15), hipertensão (n=5/15) e/ou hipertireoidismo (n=3/15). Gatos com cardiomiopatias, sintomáticos e com estágios mais avançados de remodelamento cardíaco, demostraram viver menos se comparados com aqueles em estágio inicial da cardiopatia. Bem como pacientes com doenças de base associada apresentaram menor expectativa de vida.

Feline cardiopathies are relevant on veterinary practice although lack of regional epidemiogical description. The purpose of this study is to determine cardiopathy prevalence and survival of cardiac and non-cardiac patients on Santa Catarina's northern and Itajai valley regions. The retrospective study included 74 echocardiographic exams and medical records from January 2017 to December 2019. Veterinarians and owners were contacted to check survival on cardiac and non-cardiac patients. The animals were most male (n=40/74) and mongrel (n=47/74). Cardiomyopathies were the most common diagnosis (n=21/74), specially the hypertrophic phenotype (n=13/21). The cardiomyopathy diagnosis was evidenced in cats above eight years old. The most usual clinical findings on symptomatic patients (n=41/74) were cardiac murmur (n=15/41) and dyspnea (n=6/41). Left ventricular free wall concentric hypertrophy (n=18/41) and left atrium dilation (n=12/41) were the main echocardiographic findings. Median survival from 74 cats was 303±209,8 days and related to clinical staging (p=0,006). Cats with dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype presented lower mean survival (180,5 days). Concomitant diseases included chronic renal disease (n=7/15), systemic arterial hypertension (n=5/15) and/or hyperthyroidism (n=3/15). In conclusion, cats with cardiomyopathies, symptomatic and with more advanced stages of cardiac remodeling, have shown to live less than those in early stage of heart disease. As well as patients with associated concomitant diseases, they had a lower life expectancy.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: hypertrophic osteopathy is a periosteum disturb characterized by diffuse new bone formation which leads tosignificant thickening and deformity of members. Secondary in nature, it usually follows large pulmonary lesions such asabscesses and neoplasms. Extraskeletal osteosarcomas are rare and extremely malignant mesenchymal neoplasms. Theycomprise approximately 1% of all domestic animals osteosarcomas and develop in the absence of a primary bone lesion.The aim of this paper was to describe a case of hypertrophic osteopathy, involving joints and upper limbs bones includingilium, secondary to a mediastinal chondroblastic osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastasis.Case: A 10-year-old spayed female mixed breed dog, weighing 9 kg, was presented with painful limbs, lameness, hind limbsswelling and a four-month history of weight loss. Radiographic examination revealed bilateral and asymmetric periostealreactions on diaphyseal and/or epiphyseal areas of all proximal phalanges; metacarpal, metatarsal, carpal and tarsal bones;radius; ulna; tibia; fibula; humerus; femur and right ilium. An increased soft tissue radiopacity was noted on the lateral sideof the right knee joint. Thoracic radiographies and ultrasonography suggested the presence of a 5-cm neoplasm or abscessin the left caudal lung lobe. At necropsy, the lobe showed a firm and solid, oval white mass measuring 5.2 x 2.9 cm. Anothermass was found in the caudal mediastinum, near the diaphragm, with same color and more irregular aspect, measuring 3.3cm of diameter. Intense periosteal new-bone formation was seen in the entire length of the four limbs bones, characterizedby thickening of the bone surface and formation of irregular trabeculae perpendicular to the cortex. Significant swelling andthickening of the joint capsule was noted in the right knee. There was no microbial growth on aerobic or anaerobic culturesfrom the masses samples sent to culture. [...](AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: hypertrophic osteopathy is a periosteum disturb characterized by diffuse new bone formation which leads tosignificant thickening and deformity of members. Secondary in nature, it usually follows large pulmonary lesions such asabscesses and neoplasms. Extraskeletal osteosarcomas are rare and extremely malignant mesenchymal neoplasms. Theycomprise approximately 1% of all domestic animals’ osteosarcomas and develop in the absence of a primary bone lesion.The aim of this paper was to describe a case of hypertrophic osteopathy, involving joints and upper limbs bones includingilium, secondary to a mediastinal chondroblastic osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastasis.Case: A 10-year-old spayed female mixed breed dog, weighing 9 kg, was presented with painful limbs, lameness, hind limbsswelling and a four-month history of weight loss. Radiographic examination revealed bilateral and asymmetric periostealreactions on diaphyseal and/or epiphyseal areas of all proximal phalanges; metacarpal, metatarsal, carpal and tarsal bones;radius; ulna; tibia; fibula; humerus; femur and right ilium. An increased soft tissue radiopacity was noted on the lateral sideof the right knee joint. Thoracic radiographies and ultrasonography suggested the presence of a 5-cm neoplasm or abscessin the left caudal lung lobe. At necropsy, the lobe showed a firm and solid, oval white mass measuring 5.2 x 2.9 cm. Anothermass was found in the caudal mediastinum, near the diaphragm, with same color and more irregular aspect, measuring 3.3cm of diameter. Intense periosteal new-bone formation was seen in the entire length of the four limbs bones, characterizedby thickening of the bone surface and formation of irregular trabeculae perpendicular to the cortex. Significant swelling andthickening of the joint capsule was noted in the right knee. There was no microbial growth on aerobic or anaerobic culturesfrom the masses samples sent to culture. [...]

Assuntos

RESUMO

A doença valvar crônica (DVC) é uma cardiopatia comum ocasionada por estímulos intrínsecos e extrínsecosnos folhetos atrioventriculares esquerdos. Os cães acometidos apresentam irregularidade na coaptação, gerando refluxo da câmara ventricular esquerda para o átrio homolateral e, por conseguinte, sobrecarga de volume. Mecanismos de gatilho, perpetuação da lesão e métodos diagnósticos vêm sendo estudados exaustivamente para compreender o desenrolar da DVC. Todavia, a dinâmica de funcionamento da valva mitral tem sido subestimada nas descrições da literatura veterinária, sobretudo os aspectos físicos e morfológicos da mesma. Nessa revisão objetiva-se o aprofundamento de tais características correlacionando-as com a DVC para facilitar a compreensão e a devida importância dessas informações em estudos futuros na cardiologia veterinária.AU

Chronic valvar disease (CVD) is a common cardiopathy induced by intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli on left atrioventricular leaflets. Dogs with this disease presents coaptation irregularities resulting on left ventricular regurgitating reflux onto the homolateral atrium causing volume overload. Trigger and lesion perpetuation mechanisms as diagnostic methods have been studied exhaustively for proper comprehension on CVD development. However, mitral valve function mechanisms are underestimated in veterinary literature descriptions, mainly physical and morphological aspects. The main purpose of this review is to analyze mitral valve foundations to correlate within CVD for proper comprehension on this disease as for future studies on veterinary cardiology.AU

Assuntos

RESUMO

A doença valvar crônica (DVC) é uma cardiopatia comum ocasionada por estímulos intrínsecos e extrínsecosnos folhetos atrioventriculares esquerdos. Os cães acometidos apresentam irregularidade na coaptação, gerando refluxo da câmara ventricular esquerda para o átrio homolateral e, por conseguinte, sobrecarga de volume. Mecanismos de gatilho, perpetuação da lesão e métodos diagnósticos vêm sendo estudados exaustivamente para compreender o desenrolar da DVC. Todavia, a dinâmica de funcionamento da valva mitral tem sido subestimada nas descrições da literatura veterinária, sobretudo os aspectos físicos e morfológicos da mesma. Nessa revisão objetiva-se o aprofundamento de tais características correlacionando-as com a DVC para facilitar a compreensão e a devida importância dessas informações em estudos futuros na cardiologia veterinária.

Chronic valvar disease (CVD) is a common cardiopathy induced by intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli on left atrioventricular leaflets. Dogs with this disease presents coaptation irregularities resulting on left ventricular regurgitating reflux onto the homolateral atrium causing volume overload. Trigger and lesion perpetuation mechanisms as diagnostic methods have been studied exhaustively for proper comprehension on CVD development. However, mitral valve function mechanisms are underestimated in veterinary literature descriptions, mainly physical and morphological aspects. The main purpose of this review is to analyze mitral valve foundations to correlate within CVD for proper comprehension on this disease as for future studies on veterinary cardiology.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A otite externa é considerada uma doença comum em cães com etiologia multifatorial, onde a levedura Malassezia. pachydermatis é um dos principais microrganismos associados a esta enfermidade. Para o diagnóstico, o exame citológico é uma ferramenta importante clinicamente, mas a falta de parâmetrosquanto à presença de leveduras gera dúvidas quanto ao tratamento. Nesta premissa, os objetivos destetrabalho foram avaliar a importância e a prevalência da determinação de Malassezia pachydermatis em cãessadios e otopatas através do exame citológico pela técnica de coloração panótico simples, auxiliando nodiagnóstico através da citologia e do esfregaço otológico do agente, analisando o número observado porcampo de microscopia óptica tendo como meta padronizar uma média dessa levedura estabelecendo número máximo de agentes sem induzir otopatias. Através dos dados epidemiológicos e do exame citológico pode-se obter um parâmetro de contagem e metodologia de análise e, conseguir um controle racionalda levedura através da graduação clínica proposta. Dentre 36 animais deste estudo, os mesmos foramclassificados clinicamente e distribuídos entre 18 cães sadios e 18 otopatas. Foi realizada a colheita de material auricular por meio de swab estéril e encaminhado para análise citopatológica. Os cães otopatasapresentaram média de contagem de leveduras elevada (4,09) comparando-se com os cães clinicamentesadios (0,14), sendo que apresentaram média de escore elevada. Na interação dos sinais clínicos, observaram-se correlação com eritema e edema (r2=0,77; p<0,01), odor e secreção (r2=0,77; p<0,01), prurido e odor(r2=0,72; p<0,01) e eritema e prurido (r2=0,67; p<0,01). Identificou-se que cães sadios possuem menor relaçãoleveduras por campo, mesmo apresentando baixa contagem e reduzido escore clínico, ressaltando a importância do diagnóstico diferencial. Com isso deve-se ressaltar a necessidade e aplicabilidade do examecitológico para o diagnóstico...(AU)

Otitis externa is considered a common disease in dogs with multifactorial etiology, where the yeastMalassezia pachydermatis is the main microorganisms associated with the disease. For diagnosis, cytological examination is a clinically important tool, but the lack of parameters for the presence of yeastraises doubts for the treatment. On this premise the main objectives were to evaluate the importance andprevalence Malassezia pachydematis determination in healthy and diseased dogs by examining cytologicalstaining technique samples, helping to diagnose by smear cytology and otological agent analyzingthe observed number of agents by optical microscopy aiming to standardize this yeast establishing themaximum number of agents without inducing ear diseases. Through epidemiological and cytologicalexamination can obtain a count parameter and methodology of analysis and achieve a rational control ofthe yeast through the proposed clinical graduate. Among 36 animals in this study, they were clinicallyclassified and divided between as 18 healthy dogs and 18 ear diseased dogs. Cytological ear samplingwas performed using a sterile swab and sent for cytological analysis. Ear diseased dogs had a high averageyeast count (4.09) compared with the healthy dogs (0.14) and achieve high medium values. In the interactionof clinical signs was observed correlation with erytema and edema (r2 = 0.77, p <0.01) odor anddischarge (r2 = 0.77, p <0.01), pruritus and odor (r2 = 0.72, p <0.01) and erythema and pruritus (r2 = 0.67,p <0.01). It was found that healthy dogs have smaller related yeasts per field, even with low counts andreduced clinical score emphasizing the importance of the differential diagnosis. This should highlight theneed and applicability of cytology for the diagnosis and treatment of ear diseases, where M. pachydermatisis a part of cutaneous flora, but not necessarily is the underlying cause of many ear diseases.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

A otite externa é considerada uma doença comum em cães com etiologia multifatorial, onde a levedura Malassezia. pachydermatis é um dos principais microrganismos associados a esta enfermidade. Para o diagnóstico, o exame citológico é uma ferramenta importante clinicamente, mas a falta de parâmetrosquanto à presença de leveduras gera dúvidas quanto ao tratamento. Nesta premissa, os objetivos destetrabalho foram avaliar a importância e a prevalência da determinação de Malassezia pachydermatis em cãessadios e otopatas através do exame citológico pela técnica de coloração panótico simples, auxiliando nodiagnóstico através da citologia e do esfregaço otológico do agente, analisando o número observado porcampo de microscopia óptica tendo como meta padronizar uma média dessa levedura estabelecendo número máximo de agentes sem induzir otopatias. Através dos dados epidemiológicos e do exame citológico pode-se obter um parâmetro de contagem e metodologia de análise e, conseguir um controle racionalda levedura através da graduação clínica proposta. Dentre 36 animais deste estudo, os mesmos foramclassificados clinicamente e distribuídos entre 18 cães sadios e 18 otopatas. Foi realizada a colheita de material auricular por meio de swab estéril e encaminhado para análise citopatológica. Os cães otopatasapresentaram média de contagem de leveduras elevada (4,09) comparando-se com os cães clinicamentesadios (0,14), sendo que apresentaram média de escore elevada. Na interação dos sinais clínicos, observaram-se correlação com eritema e edema (r2=0,77; p<0,01), odor e secreção (r2=0,77; p<0,01), prurido e odor(r2=0,72; p<0,01) e eritema e prurido (r2=0,67; p<0,01). Identificou-se que cães sadios possuem menor relaçãoleveduras por campo, mesmo apresentando baixa contagem e reduzido escore clínico, ressaltando a importância do diagnóstico diferencial. Com isso deve-se ressaltar a necessidade e aplicabilidade do examecitológico para o diagnóstico...

Otitis externa is considered a common disease in dogs with multifactorial etiology, where the yeastMalassezia pachydermatis is the main microorganisms associated with the disease. For diagnosis, cytological examination is a clinically important tool, but the lack of parameters for the presence of yeastraises doubts for the treatment. On this premise the main objectives were to evaluate the importance andprevalence Malassezia pachydematis determination in healthy and diseased dogs by examining cytologicalstaining technique samples, helping to diagnose by smear cytology and otological agent analyzingthe observed number of agents by optical microscopy aiming to standardize this yeast establishing themaximum number of agents without inducing ear diseases. Through epidemiological and cytologicalexamination can obtain a count parameter and methodology of analysis and achieve a rational control ofthe yeast through the proposed clinical graduate. Among 36 animals in this study, they were clinicallyclassified and divided between as 18 healthy dogs and 18 ear diseased dogs. Cytological ear samplingwas performed using a sterile swab and sent for cytological analysis. Ear diseased dogs had a high averageyeast count (4.09) compared with the healthy dogs (0.14) and achieve high medium values. In the interactionof clinical signs was observed correlation with erytema and edema (r2 = 0.77, p <0.01) odor anddischarge (r2 = 0.77, p <0.01), pruritus and odor (r2 = 0.72, p <0.01) and erythema and pruritus (r2 = 0.67,p <0.01). It was found that healthy dogs have smaller related yeasts per field, even with low counts andreduced clinical score emphasizing the importance of the differential diagnosis. This should highlight theneed and applicability of cytology for the diagnosis and treatment of ear diseases, where M. pachydermatisis a part of cutaneous flora, but not necessarily is the underlying cause of many ear diseases.

Assuntos

RESUMO

As doenças hipersensíveis do tipo imediato podem ocorrer em um ou mais tecidos-alvo. Nessas enfermidades,em especial as hipersensibilidades do tipo I, os eosinófi los apresentam papel importante.A maioria dos eosinófi los migra para os tecidos, especialmente os de interface ambiental, como pulmões,trato digestório e pele. Todavia, em alguns casos, o processo infl amatório aliado a presençade um alérgeno inalado pode ocasionar uma resposta exacerbada imunológica no trato respiratório,induzindo o aumento do número de eosinófi los no parênquima pulmonar. A perpetuação resultaem alteração do padrão respiratório, como tosse, difi culdade respiratória, expectoração e descargamucopurulenta. No cão, as pneumopatias hipersensíveis eosinofílicas incluem a infi ltração pulmonarcom eosinófi los (IPE), eosinofi lia pulmonar (EP), pneumonia granulomatosa eosinofílica (PGE) ebroncopneumopatia eosinofílica (BPE). Nesse artigo apresenta-se uma revisão de literatura sobre aspneumopatias eosinofílicas, seguido de uma descrição de caso de BPE alergênica canina(AU)

Hypersensitivity diseases of the imediate type may occur in one or more target tissues. In these disorders,specially the type I hipersensitivities, eosinophils have important role. Most of the eosinophilsmigrate to tissues, specially the enviromental interface, like lungs, digestory tract and skin. However,in some cases, the infl ammatory process together with the presence of inhaled allergen may causean exacerbated immunological response in the respiratory tract, leading to increased numbers of eosinophilsin lung parenchyma. The perpetuation results in respiratory pattern alteration as cough,respiratory distress, expetoration and mucopurulent discharge. In the dog, the eosinophilic hipersensitivitypneumopathies include the eosinophil pulmonary infi ltration (EPI), pulmonary eosinophilia(PE), eosinophilic granulomatous pneumonia (EGP) and eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy (EBP).This article presents eosinophilic lung diseases literature review, followed by a case report of a canineallergenic EBP(AU)

Assuntos