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This experiment compared narasin and monensin as anticoccidials for calves naturally infected with Eimeria spp. Twenty-four weaned, non-castrated male calves (Bos indicusâ ×â B. taurus cross) were assigned to this experiment (days -8 to 42). All calves were infected by Eimeria spp. according to oocyst count per gram (OPG) from fecal samples collected on days -8 and -7 (average 1,059â ±â 101 oocysts/g). Calves were housed in individual pens, received corn silage, mineral mix, and water for ad libitum consumption, in addition to a grain-based supplement at 200 g/head daily. Fecal samples were collected on days -2 and -1 for OPG, and results averaged as initial OPG value. Calves were blocked according to initial OPG into eight blocks of three calves each, ranked within each block according to body weight (BW) recorded on day -1, and assigned to receive narasin (NAR; 0.8 mg/kg of BW), monensin (MON; 1 mg/kg of BW), or no ionophore (CON; negative control). Ionophores were added to the grain-based supplement, and offered from days 0 to 42 of the experiment. Calf BW was recorded on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42. Fecal samples were collected on days 6 and 7, 13 and 14, 20 and 21, 26 and 27, 34 and 35, and 41 and 42 for OPG analysis, and results from samples collected on consecutive days were averaged. Aliquoted fecal samples were also pooled across calves from the same treatment and collection days, and used to determine the prevalence of individual species of Eimeria. No treatment effects were detected (Pâ ≥â 0.51) for calf BW or growth rate. A treatmentâ ×â day interaction was detected (Pâ <â 0.01) for OPG, as NAR and MON calves had less (Pâ <â 0.01) OPG compared with CON calves beginning on day 7. The OPG was also less (Pâ ≤â 0.03) in MON compared with NAR calves on days 7, 14, and 28, but did not differ (Pâ ≥â 0.48) on days 21, 35, and 42. The anticoccidial efficacy of NAR and MON did not differ (Pâ ≥â 0.16) when calculated across all Eimeria spp., or according to prevalence of E. bovis and E. alabamensins. A treatmentâ ×â day interaction was detected (Pâ =â 0.04) for anticoccidial efficacy to E. alabamensis, which was greater (Pâ <â 0.01) in MON calves on days 7 and 14 and did not differ (Pâ ≥â 0.40) afterward. Collectively, both ionophores were similarly effective in controlling coccidiosis upon completion of the 42-d study, although the anticoccidial effects of monensin were noted earlier in the experiment. Nonetheless, these results corroborate narasin as an efficient anticoccidial ionophore for naturally infected calves.
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Pesticides cause risks to the respiratory health of banana farming workers. To investigate the prevalence of ventilatory dysfunction in workers and characteristics of work in banana production in a region of the Ribeira Valley, Brazil. A questionnaire containing sociodemographic, work and health data was applied, as well as spirometry. The data were statistically analyzed with participants divided into two groups (presence or absence of ventilatory dysfunction). The majority were males, low schooling, mean age 39.6 years and 13.8 years of working time in banana farming. The prevalence of moderate obstructive disorder (10.0%), mild obstructive disorder (13.3%) and mild mixed disorder (3.3%) were observed. Obstructive disorders predominated, with decreased FEV1 and FEV1/FVC, in addition to being correlated with working time in banana farming. It was concluded that one-third of the workers had some type of ventilatory dysfunction and there was a relationship with work in banana farming.
Assuntos
Agricultura/estatística & dados numéricos , Musa , Saúde Ocupacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Doenças dos Trabalhadores Agrícolas/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Trabalhadores Agrícolas/etiologia , Doenças dos Trabalhadores Agrícolas/fisiopatologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Fazendeiros/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Praguicidas/efeitos adversos , Prevalência , Testes de Função Respiratória , Insuficiência Respiratória/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Respiratória/etiologia , Insuficiência Respiratória/fisiopatologia , Fatores de Risco , Saúde da População Rural , EspirometriaRESUMO
As transformações no mundo do trabalho têm propiciado o acúmulo de tarefas, exigências de polivalência e aumento do ritmo de trabalho, ocasionando um aumento de lombalgias. OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil de trabalhadores com lombalgia, atendidos em uma unidade especializada em Saúde do Trabalhador da Baixada Santista. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal e exploratório. Ocorreu análise documental de prontuários abertos de trabalhadores atendidos no Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador (CEREST) de Santos-SP, no período de julho de 2014 a julho de 2015, com queixa de lombalgia e diagnósticos nosológicos estabelecidos para "outras dorsopatias" (M51 a M54) segundo a CID-10. Foram obtidos os dados: demográficos, variáveis clínicas, categorias profissionais, entre outras. RESULTADOS: De 502 prontuários, 21,9% (n=110) apresentaram queixa de lombalgia e diagnóstico clínico pela CID-10. Houve predomínio do sexo feminino (58,2%), na faixa etária de 35 a 45 anos (50,9%) e baixa escolaridade, com ensino fundamental incompleto (35,4%). Ainda, 23,7% dos sujeitos estavam em situação de afastamento do trabalho e 85,0% com registro em carteira de trabalho (CLT). As categorias profissionais mais prevalentes foram de serviços domésticos, 28,3% (n=31) e atividades de limpeza, 19,1% (n=21). Dos sujeitos, 68,2% tiveram assistência de Fisioterapeutas. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência foi maior no sexo feminino, de trabalhadores formais e afastados do trabalho, do setor de serviços domésticos e atividades de limpeza, de baixa escolaridade, e com a faixa etária considerada produtiva para o trabalho.
The changes in the world of work haved a significant impact on tasks, capturing versatility and increasing the pace of work, causing an increase in low back pain. OBJECTIVE: To describe the profile of workers with low back pain treated at a unit specialized in Occupational Health in Baixada Santista. METHODS: This is an observational cross-sectional and exploratory study. A documentary analysis of the open records of workers attended at the Reference Center for Occupational Health (CEREST), in Santos-SP, from July 2014 to July 2015 was carried out, with a list of low back pain and diagnosis in the following clinical methods for "Other dorsopathies" (M51 to M54) according to ICD-10. The data were selected: demographic, clinical variables, professional categories, among others. RESULTS: Of the 502 medical records, 21.9% (n = 110) reported complaints of low back pain and clinical diagnosis by ICD-10. There was a predominance of females (58.2%), aged between 35 and 45 years (50.9%) and low education, with incomplete primary education (35.4%). Still, 23.7% of individuals were absent from work and 85.0% were registered on the work card (CLT). The most prevalent professional categories were domestic services, 28.3% (n = 31) and cleaning activities, 19.1% (n = 21). Of the subjects, 68.2% had assistance from physiotherapists. CONCLUSION: The prevalence was higher in women, in workers trained and away from work, in the sector of domestic services and cleaning activities, in low education and in the age group considered productive for work.
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Saúde Ocupacional , Doenças da Coluna Vertebral , Dor LombarRESUMO
In Exp. 1, Brachiaria ruziziensis (11.1 % CP) was inoculated or not with two sources of monensin, resulting in three treatments: 1) no monensin inoculation (CONT), 2) 20 mg of monensin sodium-A/kg of DM (Elanco Animal Health; MON-A), and 3) 20 mg of monensin sodium-B/kg of DM (Shandong Qilu King-Phar Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; MON-B). Three rumen-fistulated Jersey steers were offered a cool-season forage-based diet and were used as the rumen inoculum donors. Volatile fatty acids concentrations were evaluated at 0, 6, 12, 24, 30, and 48 h after treatment inoculation. Overall, acetate and butyrate concentrations were reduced in MON-A vs. CONT (P ≤ 0.02), whereas both monensin products reduced Ac:Pr ratio vs. CONT (P ≤ 0.01); however, MON-A also (P = 0.05) reduced the Ac:Pr ratio vs. MON-B. A treatment × hour interaction was detected for rumen propionate concentration (P = 0.01), primarily because MON-A resulted in greater propionate than CONT and MON-B at 24 and 48 h (P ≤ 0.03), but no differences were observed between CONT vs. MON-B (P ≥ 0.27). In Exp. 2, 240 Nellore bulls (initial BW = 363.2 ± 40.9 kg) were ranked and blocked according to initial BW, and within blocks animals were allotted into pens (n = 10 pens/treatment). Pens were randomly assigned into one of three treatments: 1) corn-based diet with no monensin (CONT), 2) CONT plus 28 mg of MON-A/kg of DM, and 3) CONT plus 28 mg of MON-B/kg of DM. The CONT diet was composed of sugarcane bagasse, ground corn, DDGS, urea, and a mineral-vitamin mix. The experimental period lasted 106 d and was divided into a 21-d adaptation period and an 85-d finishing phase. During the adaptation phase, both monensin sources increased (P ≤ 0.01) BW change, ADG, and F:G, as well as reduced DMI variation (P = 0.02). When the entire experimental period was evaluated, no treatment effects were detected for final BW, DMI, and ADG (P ≥ 0.26). Nonetheless, DMI variation was reduced as monensin was included (P = 0.01) and only MON-A improved the efficiency by reducing F:G vs. CONT (P = 0.05) and biological efficiency vs. MON-B (P = 0.05). Additionally, carcass ADG tended (P = 0.10) to be greater for MON-A vs. MON-B, whereas no other differences in the carcass characteristics were observed (P ≥ 0.53). In summary, the source of monensin inoculated in vitro and offered to Nellore bulls during the feedlot phase significantly affected the energetic efficiency and the performance of the animals.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Work-related repetitive strain injury/musculoskeletal disorders affect numerous rural workers causing functional physical impairment. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in banana culture workers. METHODS: From a list of banana culture workers linked to the Family Strategy, a questionnaire was applied to obtain socio-demographic data, rural property, health and labor, and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Data were statistically analyzed using the statistical software R Development Core Team®. RESULTS: Thirty-six workers from ten rural properties participated in the study. The majority were male (94.4%), age group from 20 to 49 years (75.0%), most of them with incomplete primary education (50.0%). Regarding musculoskeletal disorders, the main regions affected were lumbar (63.9%), shoulders (47.2%) and knees (44.4%), with more than one region affected per worker. Regarding the work, tasks were described as painful and tiring including cutting, loading, fertilization, costal pulverization of pesticide, plowing and thinning. CONCLUSION: There are risks of musculoskeletal disorders among banana workers with risks of leave of absence due to illness, which may lead to losses in daily activities. There is a need to deepen the theme to promote health at work.
RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As lesões por esforços repetitivos/distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho têm afetado inúmeros trabalhadores rurais, ocasionando comprometimentos funcionais. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a prevalência de distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho na bananicultura. MÉTODOS: Foi obtida a listagem de trabalhadores vinculados à Estratégia da Família e foram aplicados um questionário para obter dados sociodemográficos, da propriedade rural, de saúde e trabalho; e o Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente por meio do programa estatístico R Development Core Team®. RESULTADOS: Participaram da pesquisa 36 trabalhadores de 10 propriedades rurais, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino (94,4%), com faixa etária entre 20 e 49 anos (75,0%), e ensino fundamental incompleto (50,0%). Em relação aos distúrbios osteomusculares, as principais regiões acometidas foram: lombar (63,9%); ombros (47,2%) e joelhos (44,4%), havendo mais uma região acometida por trabalhador. No trabalho, foram relacionadas tarefas penosas/cansativas junto ao corte, carregamento, adubação, pulverização costal de agrotóxico, roçado e desbaste. CONCLUSÃO: Há riscos de distúrbios osteomusculares entre os trabalhadores da bananicultura, com riscos de afastamento do trabalho e prejuízos em atividades cotidianas. Há necessidade de aprofundar o tema visando a promoção da saúde do trabalhador.
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RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar o perfil sociodemográfico, de trabalho e saúde, de trabalhadores de uma região de Registro (SP), localizada no Vale do Ribeira, e identificar as barreiras e os facilitadores no processo de reabilitação profissional do Instituto Nacional de Seguridade Social (INSS), de segurados dessa região. Métodos: Duas etapas: (1) Foi obtida uma listagem de trabalhadores junto à Estratégia Saúde da Família de bairros rurais do município de Registro (SP), e aplicou-se, sob forma de entrevista, um questionário com dados sociodemográficos, de trabalho e saúde. (2) Posteriormente, foram identificados dois profissionais de referência do INSS, que atuavam na sede dessa região e, ainda, foram realizadas entrevistas individuais para análise de conteúdo temático. Resultados: Com relação ao perfil dos sujeitos, a maioria dos trabalhadores atuava em plantações de banana, morava nas fazendas, tinha baixa escolaridade; todos refeririam sintomas osteomusculares, entre outros. Nas entrevistas com os profissionais de referência do INSS, foi possível observar, entre as principais barreiras para a reabilitação profissional encontradas: o perfil dos segurados da região rural com baixa escolaridade, com dificuldades em transporte, poucos cursos ofertados, e a avaliação do médico perito com base no modelo biomédico, com sofrimento e injustiças. Entre os facilitadores: o acolhimento dos profissionais de referência assistentes sociais, o vínculo estabelecido e a empatia. Conclusão: Há necessidade de políticas públicas que possam garantir os direitos dos trabalhadores e promovam melhorias no modelo atual de reabilitação profissional.
ABSTRACT Aim: To investigate the sociodemographic profile, of work and health, of workers from a region of Registro (SP), locate in Ribeira Valley, and to identify the barriers and facilitators in the professional rehabilitation process of the National Institute of Social Security (INSS), of insured persons workers of this region. Methods: Two steps: (1) A list of workers was obtained from the Family Health Strategy of rural neighborhoods in the city of Registro (SP), and a questionnaire with sociodemographic data, of work and health, was applied, under the form of an interview. (2) Subsequently, two reference professionals of the INSS, who worked at the headquarters of this region were identified and, in addition, individual interviews were conducted to analyze thematic content. Results: Regarding the profile of the subjects, most workers worked on banana plantations, lived on farms, had low schooling; all reported musculoskeletal symptoms, among others. In interviews with reference professionals of the INSS, it was possible to observe, among the main barriers found to professional rehabilitation: the profile of insured rural people with low schooling, with difficulties in transportation, few courses offered, and the evaluation of the medical expert based on the biomedical model, with suffering and injustice. Among the facilitators: the welcome of the social workers reference professionals, the bond established and the empathy. Conclusion: There is a need for public policies that can guarantee the rights of workers and promote improvements in the current model of professional rehabilitation.
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BACKGROUND/AIM: Studies have demonstrated the biological consequences of environmental contamination caused by human pesticide exposure following banana production. The aim of this study was to evaluate genomic instability and cytotoxicity in buccal mucosal cells of workers in banana farming. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this purpose, a total of 21 male workers in banana farming in the Ribeira Valley were included in the experimental group. A total of 20 individuals, not occupationally exposed to pesticides, were included in the control group. RESULTS: The frequency of micronuclei was significantly increased (p<0.05) in buccal mucosa cells from workers of banana farming when compared to the control group. Furthermore, a high frequency of karyolysis was detected in buccal mucosaI cells in these individuals. No significant differences were found in pyknosis or karryorhexis when compared to controls. CONCLUSION: Taken together, our results indicate that workers in banana farming represent a group in high risk for carcinogenesis since chromosomal damage and cellular death are increased in these individuals.
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Micronúcleos com Defeito Cromossômico/induzido quimicamente , Mucosa Bucal/citologia , Musa , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Praguicidas/toxicidade , Adulto , Brasil , Instabilidade Genômica , Humanos , Masculino , Testes para MicronúcleosRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplement type and narasin inclusion on the frequency and supplement intake of grazing Bos indicus beef bulls. Four hundred animals were ranked by initial BW (383 ± 35 kg) and allocated into one of four paddocks of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandú (100 animals/paddock). Paddocks were randomly assigned to receive either a mineral salt (MIN) or a protein-energetic supplement (PREN) containing or not narasin (N) for a 90-d period. An individual electronic data capture system with 11 feed bunks was used to individually measure supplement intake and meal frequency in each paddock. The evaluations and analysis of individual intake, frequency of visits to the feeder, and intake per visit (I/V) were performed every 15 d and classified as periods (PR1 through PR6). All data were analyzed as a 2 × 2 factorial design with the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS. A supplement type × N × PR interaction was observed (P < 0.0001) for daily supplement intake. No differences were observed between MIN, whereas PREN had a greater (P ≤ 0.03) supplement intake on PR1 and PR3, but a reduced supplement intake on PR6 compared with PREN + N (P = 0.02). Moreover, no supplement type × N interaction (P = 0.47) or N (P = 0.44) effects were observed for daily supplement intake in the present study. A supplement type × N × PR interaction was detected (P < 0.0001) for the frequency of visits in the feeders. Throughout the experimental period, animals from the MIN + N had a greater (P ≤ 0.02) frequency of visits compared with MIN cohorts. A supplement effect was detected for I/V (P = 0.02), whereas neither a narasin effect (P = 0.74) nor interactions (P ≥ 0.16) were observed. Animals offered PREN had a greater I/V when compared with MIN cohorts (145 vs. 846 g/d for MIN and PREN, respectively; SEM = 16.1). When these data are reported as percentage of days visiting the feeder within each PR, MIN and MIN + N animals visited the feeder for 25.8% and 35.9% of the days, respectively. Conversely, no differences were observed (P = 0.65) in the overall mean visits per PR between PREN and PREN + N (12.8 vs. 12.3 d for PREN and PREN + N, respectively; SEM = 0.195). As percentage of days visiting the feeder, PREN and PREN + N visited the feeder for 85.1% and 81.9% of the days, respectively. In summary, narasin inclusion did not reduce supplement intake, regardless of supplement type, but increased the frequency of visits to the feeder for the MIN treatment.
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ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the effects of physical exercise on cartilage histomorphometry in osteoporosis-induced rats subjected to immobilization. Methods We used 36 Wistar rats that were separated into six groups: G1, G2 and G3 submitted to pseudo-oophorectomy, and G4, G5 and G6 submitted to oophorectomy. After 60 days at rest, G2, G3, G5 and G6 had the right hind limbs immobilized for 15 days, followed by the same period in remobilization, being free in the box to G2 and G5, and climb ladder to G3 and G6. At the end of the experiment, the rats were euthanized, their tibias bilaterally removed and submitted to histological routine. Results There was significant increase in thickness of the articular cartilage (F(5;29)=13.88; p<0.0001) and epiphyseal plate (F(5;29)=14.72; p<0.0001) as the number of chondrocytes (F(5;29)=5.11; p=0.0021) in ovariectomized rats, immobilized and submitted to exercise. In the morphological analysis, degeneration of articular cartilage with subchondral bone exposure, loss of cellular organization, discontinuity of tidemark, presence of cracks and flocculation in ovariectomized, immobilized and free remobilization rats were found. In ovariectomized and immobilized remobilization ladder rats, signs of repair of the cartilaginous structures in the presence of clones, pannus, subcortical blood vessel invasion in the calcified zone, increasing the amount of isogenous groups and thickness of the calcified zone were observed. Conclusion Exercise climb ladder was effective in cartilaginous tissue recovery process damaged by immobilization, in model of osteoporosis by ovariectomy in rats.
RESUMO Objetivo Analisar os efeitos do exercício físico sobre a histomorfometria da cartilagem de ratas induzidas à osteoporose e submetidas à imobilização. Métodos Foram utilizadas 36 ratas Wistar separadas em seis grupos: G1, G2 e G3 submetidas à pseudo-ooforectomia e G4, G5 e G6, à ooforectomia. Após 60 dias em repouso, G2, G3, G5 e G6 tiveram o membro posterior direito imobilizado por 15 dias, seguido pelo mesmo período em remobilização, sendo livres na caixa para G2 e G5, e de subida em escada para G3 e G6. Ao final do experimento, as ratas foram eutanasiadas, e suas tíbias foram retiradas bilateralmente e submetidas à rotina histológica. Resultados Houve aumento significativo de espessura da cartilagem articular (F(5;29)=13,88; p<0,0001) e da placa epifisária (F(5;29)=14,72; p<0,0001), bem como do número de condrócitos (F(5;29)=5,11; p<0,0021) em ratas ooforectomizadas, imobilizadas e submetidas ao exercício em escada. Nas análises morfológicas, verificaram-se degeneração da cartilagem articular com exposição de osso subcondral, perda da organização celular, descontinuidade da tidemark, presença de fissuras e floculações em ratas ooforectomizadas, imobilizadas e com remobilização livre. Nas ratas ooforectomizadas, imobilizadas e com remobilização em escada, observaram-se sinais de reparação das estruturas cartilaginosas com presença de clones, pannus, invasão de vasos sanguíneos subcorticais na zona calcificada, aumento da quantidade de grupos isógenos e espessura da zona calcificada. Conclusão O exercício físico de subida em escada mostrou-se efetivo no processo de recuperação do tecido cartilaginoso danificado pela imobilização, em modelo de osteoporose por ooforectomia em ratas.
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Animais , Feminino , Cartilagem Articular/patologia , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Imobilização/efeitos adversos , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Osteoporose/terapia , Tíbia/patologia , Contagem de Células , Cartilagem Articular/metabolismo , Condrócitos/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Lâmina de Crescimento/metabolismo , Ovariectomia , Osteoporose/etiologia , Osteoporose/patologia , Ratos WistarRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of physical exercise on cartilage histomorphometry in osteoporosis-induced rats subjected to immobilization. METHODS: We used 36 Wistar rats that were separated into six groups: G1, G2 and G3 submitted to pseudo-oophorectomy, and G4, G5 and G6 submitted to oophorectomy. After 60 days at rest, G2, G3, G5 and G6 had the right hind limbs immobilized for 15 days, followed by the same period in remobilization, being free in the box to G2 and G5, and climb ladder to G3 and G6. At the end of the experiment, the rats were euthanized, their tibias bilaterally removed and submitted to histological routine. RESULTS: There was significant increase in thickness of the articular cartilage (F(5;29)=13.88; p<0.0001) and epiphyseal plate (F(5;29)=14.72; p<0.0001) as the number of chondrocytes (F(5;29)=5.11; p=0.0021) in ovariectomized rats, immobilized and submitted to exercise. In the morphological analysis, degeneration of articular cartilage with subchondral bone exposure, loss of cellular organization, discontinuity of tidemark, presence of cracks and flocculation in ovariectomized, immobilized and free remobilization rats were found. In ovariectomized and immobilized remobilization ladder rats, signs of repair of the cartilaginous structures in the presence of clones, pannus, subcortical blood vessel invasion in the calcified zone, increasing the amount of isogenous groups and thickness of the calcified zone were observed. CONCLUSION: Exercise climb ladder was effective in cartilaginous tissue recovery process damaged by immobilization, in model of osteoporosis by ovariectomy in rats.