RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The Latin American region represents a hotspot for oral cancer incidence and mortality. To reduce oral cancer mortality rates, screening for early detection of subjects with suspicious or innocuous oral lesions has been promoted. A systematic review was performed to assess the outcomes of oral cancer screening in the Latin American region. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An electronic search was conducted in eight databases and grey literature. The eligibility criteria included screening where adult participants underwent any screening test during an organized screening program. Screening programs were assessed to understand trends in oral cancer diagnosis. Rates of oral cancers diagnosed in screening programs were classified as increase, decrease, or stable based on each year assessed. RESULTS: Following our searches, twelve studies conducted in Brazil and Cuba were included. The screening tests reported were visual oral examination (VOE) and in one study in addition light-based fluorescence testing. 13,277,608 individuals were screened and a total of 1,516 oral cancers were detected (0.01%). Only two studies aimed to screen high-risk individuals (smokers and drinkers). Oral cancer cases diagnosed during screening programs were proportionately stable over the years 1997 to 2009 but increased from 2010 to 2021. The fluorescence-associated VOE test demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 90%. Similarly, the VOE test alone exhibited a sensitivity of 100%, with specificity ranging from 75% to 90%. CONCLUSIONS: Screening studies conducted in Latin American countries had serious limitations both in methodology (lack of examiner training) and in reporting data (lack of description of clinical categories of screen positives). Capacitation of health workers to perform VOE in well-designed screening programs should be implemented.
Assuntos
Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Neoplasias Bucais , Humanos , Neoplasias Bucais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Bucais/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cuba/epidemiologia , América Latina/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The human papillomavirus (HPV) has been historically associated with head and neck cancers, although its role in oral carcinogenesis remains poorly defined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HPV in mouth floor squamous cell carcinoma and correlate it with clinicopathologic variables, risk factors and survival. HPV presence was evaluated by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) in 29 paraffin-embedded specimens of mouth floor squamous cell carcinoma. HPV DNA was detected in 17.2% (5 of 29) of the specimens; the highest prevalence was observed in non-smoking patients over the age of 60 years. All HPV DNA positive specimens were detected in men with clinical stage III and IV lesions, being most of which were moderately differentiated. Despite this correlation there were no statistically significant differences observed among the analyzed variables, including patients' survival. The relatively low incidence of HPV DNA present in these tumors suggests that this virus does not, by itself, have a significant role in the development of mouth floor squamous cell carcinoma.
Assuntos
Alphapapillomavirus/isolamento & purificação , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virologia , Soalho Bucal/virologia , Neoplasias Bucais/virologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/mortalidade , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , DNA Viral/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Bucais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
AIM: In this study, the authors evaluate the use of a 10% metronidazole and 2% lidocaine ointment, using a lanolin base and mint as flavoring, to treat alveolitis in humans. METHODS: Twenty-five patients, with a diagnosis of alveolitis, were treated in the following way: locoregional anesthesia; surgical cleaning of the socket with alveolar curettes; saline solution irrigation with a 20 ml disposable syringe; and complete filling of the socket with the ointment. RESULTS: The analysis of the results showed that the painful symptoms were severe before and on the day of the treatment in 17 (68%) of the 25 patients treated. Post-treatment analysis presented 2 patients (18%) with severe painful symptoms after 24 h of the treatment and complete remission of painful symptoms after 48 h of the treatment with the ointment. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results, it is possible to conclude that the 10% metronidazole and 2% lidocaine ointment, with mint flavoring and lanolin as a base, can be used to treat alveolitis.
Assuntos
Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagem , Anti-Infecciosos/administração & dosagem , Alvéolo Seco/tratamento farmacológico , Lidocaína/administração & dosagem , Metronidazol/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Combinação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , PomadasAssuntos
Brassicaceae/química , Dieta , Glutationa Transferase/genética , Isotiocianatos/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Intervalos de Confiança , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Isotiocianatos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/enzimologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/etiologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Fatores de Risco , Fumar , América do SulRESUMO
Glutathione S-transferase (GST) polymorphism may contribute to the individual variability in detoxifying lung carcinogens. This effect might be particularly relevant at low-level exposure to environmental carcinogens, such as in nonsmokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). We conducted a case-control study among 122 nonsmoking lung cancer cases and 121 nonsmoking controls from eight countries. Information on environmental exposures was obtained through a personal interview. The presence of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes was determined using multiplex PCR. GSTM1-positive samples were then analyzed for *1A and *1B polymorphism using an allele-specific amplification-PCR method. GSTM1*2 (null) individuals had an odds ratio (OR) of lung cancer of 1.5 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.9-2.7]; the risk associated with this genotype was higher for cases with squamous and small cell carcinomas (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 0.9-6.1) than for cases with adenocarcinomas. It was also elevated in individuals with long-term exposure to indoor wood combustion (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 0.9-9.9), in subjects who mainly lived in a rural setting (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.0-13), and in cases exposed to occupational carcinogens (OR, 10.7; 96% CI, 0.4-260) but not in subjects exposed to ETS. GSTT1*2 subjects did not show a risk of lung cancer. Our study suggests that the effect of GSTM1 polymorphism in nonsmokers is similar to that found in smokers. It does not seem to interact with ETS exposure, although we cannot exclude that it does in association with exposure to other specific environmental carcinogens.