RESUMO
Parasitism caused by protozoa and helminths is a serious public health problem, affecting millions of individuals worldwide, especially in underdeveloped and developing countries. From this perspective, a parasitological survey was conducted in 37 cities in the interior of the state of São Paulo. This study focused mainly on old places such as schools and rural and urban health units in the interior of the State of São Paulo between 1957 and 1986. The objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive survey on the data found to diagnose the occurrence of parasitic diseases in the city. Population at that time, according to their rural and urban origin, age and gender. Thus, the proposal is to make the generated data available to all interested parties in an organized and systematized manner and to discuss the reality faced by the population regarding the current public policies in Brazil relating the sanitary conditions with the occurrence of endoparasites. According to the survey conducted in the municipalities studied, 274,487 occurrences of individuals positive for endoparasites were obtained from 391,633 samples collected. The highest frequency was found in children aged 1 to 10 years with 146,090 cases, accounting for 37,302% of the infected population. The percentage of parasitized individuals decreases with increasing age.
Os quadros de parasitismos causados por protozoários e helmintos constituem sérios problemas de saúde pública, por afetarem milhões de indivíduos em todo o mundo, sobretudo, nos países subdesenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. Sob esta perspectiva foi realizado um levantamento parasitológico em 37 cidades do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Este estudo contemplou principalmente antigos locais como as escolas e unidades de saúde rurais e urbanas do interior do Estado de São Paulo entre os anos de 1957 e 1986. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento abrangente nos dados encontrados para diagnosticar a ocorrência de parasitoses na população da época, segundo sua origem rural e urbana, a faixa etária e o gênero. Dessa forma, a proposta é tornar os dados gerados disponíveis a todos os interessados de forma organizada e sistematizada e discutir a realidade enfrentada pela população frente às políticas públicas vigentes no Brasil relacionando as condições sanitárias com a ocorrência de endoparasitoses. Segundo o levantamento realizado nos municípios estudados, obteve-se 274.487 ocorrências de indivíduos positivos para endoparasitas a partir de 391.633 amostras coletadas. A maior frequência foi encontrada em crianças de 1 a 10 anos com 146.090 casos, sendo estes responsáveis por 37.302% da população infectada. A porcentagem de indivíduos parasitados diminui de acordo com o aumento da idade.
RESUMO
Amblyomin-X is a Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor (Kunitz-type SPI) designed from the cDNA library of the Amblyomma cajennense tick, which displays in vivo anti-tumor activities. Here, the mechanisms of actions of Amblyomin-X in vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A)-induced angiogenesis were characterized. Topical application of Amblyomin-X (10 or 100 ng/10 µl; each 48 h) inhibited VEGF-A-induced (10 ng/10 µl; each 48 h) angiogenesis in the dorsal subcutaneous tissue in male Swiss mice. Moreover, similar effect was observed in the VEGF-A-induced angiogenesis in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Additional in vitro assays in t-End cells showed that Amblyomin-X treatment delayed the cell cycle, by maintaining them in G0/G1 phase, and inhibited cell proliferation and adhesion, tube formation and membrane expression of the adhesion molecule platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), regardless of mRNA synthesis. Together, results herein reveal the role of Kunitz-type SPI on in vivo VEGF-A-induced angiogenesis, by exerting modulatory actions on endothelial cell proliferation and adhesion, especially on membrane expression of PECAM-1. These data provide further mechanisms of actions of Kunitz-type SPI, corroborating their relevance as scientific tools in the design of therapeutic molecules.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Angiogênese/farmacologia , Células Endoteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Neovascularização Patológica/tratamento farmacológico , Neovascularização Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas e Peptídeos Salivares/farmacologia , Inibidores de Serina Proteinase/farmacologia , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Inibidores da Angiogênese/genética , Inibidores da Angiogênese/metabolismo , Animais , Proteínas de Artrópodes/genética , Proteínas de Artrópodes/metabolismo , Proteínas de Artrópodes/farmacologia , Adesão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Transformada , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Embrião de Galinha , Membrana Corioalantoide/efeitos dos fármacos , Membrana Corioalantoide/metabolismo , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Inibidores do Fator Xa , Ixodidae/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Molécula-1 de Adesão Celular Endotelial a Plaquetas/genética , Molécula-1 de Adesão Celular Endotelial a Plaquetas/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacologia , Fase de Repouso do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas e Peptídeos Salivares/genética , Proteínas e Peptídeos Salivares/metabolismo , Tela Subcutânea/efeitos dos fármacos , Tela Subcutânea/metabolismoRESUMO
Oviposition and eclosion periods for Ixodes didelphidis were observed under two temperatures (25 degrees C and 27 degrees C) and 90-95% humidity. Although there was a significant increase in the eclosion period (p<0.05) and a tendency to increase the oviposition period at 25 degrees C, there was neither significant differences in the interval (days), until maximum peak of eclosion nor in the number of emerging larvae during the peak nor the total number of emerged larvae. These temperature values are not critical for embryological development of the species. Because at 27 degrees C and under high humidity the oviposition and eclosion periods are shorter, and the percentage of emerged larvae is higher, we consider this to be the ideal temperature for laboratory studies.
Assuntos
Ixodes/fisiologia , Oviposição/fisiologia , Animais , Feminino , Umidade , Ixodes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Temperatura , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children 10 years of age or younger was observed to have a more favorable prognosis than in older children. Corticosteroid therapy in children judged to be at increased risk of serious hemorrhage resulted in a significantly greater number of patients with an early increase in platelets than was noted in a control group. All patients with chronic disease who responded to administration of a corticosteroid initially and then relapsed had some response to a subsequent course of therapy, although none had a sustained remission. In such patients, splenectomy was a more effective therapeutic measure than treatment with either a corticosteroid or a cytotoxic agent.