RESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is multistage with heterogeneous outcomes. We studied the influence of insulin resistance (IR) on the hepatic transcriptome of early NAFLD stages, to understand disease development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, possible clinicopathological risk factors were compared between mild-NAFL (Nâ¯=â¯72) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH; Nâ¯=â¯51) patients. Liver tissue-transcriptome difference was studied between a subset of 25 mild-NAFL and 20 NASH biopsies and validated on another subset of 12 mild-NAFL and 13 NASH biopsies, using RT-PCR. The relationship between IR driven gene expression changes with fibrosis in NASH was investigated. RESULTS: Significantly higher weight (pâ¯=â¯0.005) and elevated levels of HbA1c (pâ¯=â¯0.009), FBG (pâ¯=â¯0.03) and HOMA-IR (pâ¯=â¯0.009) were found in NASH patients. Five differentially expressed genes (DEGs, fold changeâ¯>â¯1.5) were identified in NASH-FABP4, FABP5L2, CD24, PRAP1, and SPP1. The DEGs were positively associated with disease severity and HOMA-IR, and were found to be efficient classifiers of mild-NAFL and NASH. Additional 1218 genes identified related to IR (IrCGs), which can classify NASH-with-fibrosis patients separately from mild-NAFL and NASH patients. IrCGs can promote intra-hepatic fat accumulation, dysregulation of the lipid metabolism, lipotoxicity, and activation of cell survival pathways including activation of cell proliferation and differentiation pathways. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic expression of genes associated with insulin resistance may drive NAFLD development and progression.
Assuntos
Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Resistência à Insulina/genética , Cirrose Hepática/genética , Fígado/metabolismo , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/genética , Transcriptoma , Adulto , Glicemia/metabolismo , Antígeno CD24/genética , Antígeno CD24/metabolismo , Estudos Transversais , Progressão da Doença , Proteínas de Ligação a Ácido Graxo/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a Ácido Graxo/metabolismo , Feminino , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Humanos , Insulina/sangue , Fígado/patologia , Cirrose Hepática/metabolismo , Cirrose Hepática/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/metabolismo , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/patologia , Osteopontina/genética , Osteopontina/metabolismo , Proteínas da Gravidez/genética , Proteínas da Gravidez/metabolismo , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
A sensitive and selective biosensor for dengue serotyping was successfully developed. The biosensor uses a novel gold nanoparticles-polyaniline hybrid composite (AuNpPANI) for the immobilization of Bauhinia monandra lectin (BmoLL). The nanocomposite was applied to a bare gold electrode surface by chemical adsorption, and BmoLL was subsequently electrostatically adsorbed to the nanocomposite-modified surface. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance (EI) techniques were applied to evaluate the immobilization of BmoLL on AuNpPANI. The AFM images for AuNpPANI-BmoLL-DEN systems indicate a homogenous, compact and dense film of the conjugate. In the EI analyses, an obvious difference of the electron transfer resistance between the AuNpPANI-modified electrode and the bare gold electrode was observed. Among three dengue serotypes studied, dengue serotype 2 (DEN2) has higher values for R(CT), and lower values for both n and Q. These are indications of a larger blocking effect and smaller capacitive dispersion, resulting from the higher agglutination of glycoproteins from the DEN2 sera. The selective BmoLL recognition for various dengue serotypes may be attributed to different patterns of glycoproteins in the sera produced by the glycoprotein immunoresponse from patients infected by the dengue virus.
Assuntos
Vírus da Dengue/classificação , Dengue/diagnóstico , Técnicas Eletroquímicas/instrumentação , Lectinas , Nanocompostos , Bauhinia/química , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Eletrodos , Ouro , Humanos , Nanocompostos/química , SorotipagemRESUMO
We report the development of a new selective and specific electrochemical biosensor for bacterial lipolysaccharide (LPS). An electrode interface was constructed using a l-cysteine-gold nanoparticle (AuNpCys) composite to be immobilized by electrostatic interaction in the network of a poly(vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate maleic acid) (PVM) layer on a gold bare electrode. The impedimetric biosensor is fabricated by self-assembled CramoLL lectin on the PVM-AuNpCys-modified gold electrode through electrostatic interaction. CramoLL is used as the recognition interface. AFM images showed that LPS was specifically recognized on the PVM-AuNpCys-CramoLL system surface. The measurements of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed that the electrochemical response of a redox probe system (K(4)[Fe(CN)(6)](4-)/K(3)[Fe(CN)(6)](3-)) were blocked, due to the procedures of modified electrode with PVM-AuNpCys-CramoLL. In the majority of the experiments the lectin retained its activity as observed through its interaction with LPS from Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella enterica and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The results are expressed in terms of the charge transfer resistance and current peak anodic using the EIS and CV techniques for the development of a biosensor for contamination by endotoxins. A new type of sensor for selective discrimination of LPS types with a high sensitivity has been obtained.