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Background: The West Nile virus (WNV) antibodies were reported in Brazil in the serum samples taken from horses andbirds in the Midwest region and Paraíba state in 2008 and 2013, respectively. In 2014, the first human case was confirmedin a rural worker in the state of Piauí and, in 2018, the virus was isolated from the central nervous system of a horse withnervous symptoms in the state of Espírito Santo. The virus is a member of the Flaviviridae family of the genus Flavivirus(neurotropic), infecting several mammalian species, with humans and horses being the most susceptible. Approximately35% of horses develop clinical signs, thus they are considered the best sentinels for this disease. The aim of this case reportis to describe the first confirmed cases of West Nile Fever (WNF) in two horses in the state of São Paulo.Cases: Two horses with neurological symptoms were treated at the Veterinary Hospital of Cruzeiro do Sul University (SãoPaulo, SP), in 2019. Both horses came from neighboring regions that have a large Atlantic Forest preservation area and arealso routes for migratory birds, known to be competent hosts for transmitting the West Nile Fever virus, such as the swallow,the falcon and the hawk. The first one had symptoms, such as weakness and sporadic seizures; however, after recovering,it was hospitalized a few days later due to kidney failure and laminitis. The second one showed incoordination, pelviclimb weakness, and was walking in circles, evolving to seizures. Both animals were euthanized, and their central nervoussystem samples and total blood samples were tested for rabies, herpes virus, and WNV; the first 2 tests showed negativeresults. Ribonucleic acids (RNA) were extracted from erythrocytes using the polymerase...

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Background: An omphalocele is a rare congenital malformation characterized by the protrusion of the abdominal contentsthrough the base of the umbilical cord. A defect in the midline of the abdomen results in the abdominal contents beingcovered by a membranous sac near the umbilical cord, which ultimately results in the failure of the abdominal organs toreturn to the abdominal cavity in the early gestational stages and the development of an omphalocele. This study aimed toaddress the diagnosis, medical-surgical management, and treatment for an omphalocele in a newborn calf.Case: A 2-day-old male Red Angus calf, weighing 35 kg, was referred to the HVU-UFSM. According to the owner, theanimal was born via normal delivery, had ingested milk, was alert, and had an enlarged pendulous abdomen at the umbilicus. Physical examination did not show any changes in vital functions; however, intestinal stasis was observed. Anin-depth examination revealed the presence of a round mass of tissue approximately 15 cm in diameter that was fillingthe remnant of the umbilical cord. This structure was covered by a thin, slightly dried membrane that isolated the contentsfrom the external environment. On palpation, the mass was firm and non-reducible, and an omphalocele was suspected.Given the severity of the condition, the animal immediately underwent an emergency surgical procedure to correct thecongenital defect. The surgery involved placing the intestinal loops that were present inside the sac in the abdominal cavity. At the end of the procedure, the animal was placed in a quadrupedal position to better assess omphalocele reduction.Postoperatively, the following medications were administered: a single dose of an analgesic along with a dipyrone andhyoscine-based antispasmodic (25 mg/kg, IM), an enrofloxacin-based antibiotic (2.5 mg/kg, IM) once a day for 7 days...

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: The West Nile virus (WNV) antibodies were reported in Brazil in the serum samples taken from horses andbirds in the Midwest region and Paraíba state in 2008 and 2013, respectively. In 2014, the first human case was confirmedin a rural worker in the state of Piauí and, in 2018, the virus was isolated from the central nervous system of a horse withnervous symptoms in the state of Espírito Santo. The virus is a member of the Flaviviridae family of the genus Flavivirus(neurotropic), infecting several mammalian species, with humans and horses being the most susceptible. Approximately35% of horses develop clinical signs, thus they are considered the best sentinels for this disease. The aim of this case reportis to describe the first confirmed cases of West Nile Fever (WNF) in two horses in the state of São Paulo.Cases: Two horses with neurological symptoms were treated at the Veterinary Hospital of Cruzeiro do Sul University (SãoPaulo, SP), in 2019. Both horses came from neighboring regions that have a large Atlantic Forest preservation area and arealso routes for migratory birds, known to be competent hosts for transmitting the West Nile Fever virus, such as the swallow,the falcon and the hawk. The first one had symptoms, such as weakness and sporadic seizures; however, after recovering,it was hospitalized a few days later due to kidney failure and laminitis. The second one showed incoordination, pelviclimb weakness, and was walking in circles, evolving to seizures. Both animals were euthanized, and their central nervoussystem samples and total blood samples were tested for rabies, herpes virus, and WNV; the first 2 tests showed negativeresults. Ribonucleic acids (RNA) were extracted from erythrocytes using the polymerase...(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: An omphalocele is a rare congenital malformation characterized by the protrusion of the abdominal contentsthrough the base of the umbilical cord. A defect in the midline of the abdomen results in the abdominal contents beingcovered by a membranous sac near the umbilical cord, which ultimately results in the failure of the abdominal organs toreturn to the abdominal cavity in the early gestational stages and the development of an omphalocele. This study aimed toaddress the diagnosis, medical-surgical management, and treatment for an omphalocele in a newborn calf.Case: A 2-day-old male Red Angus calf, weighing 35 kg, was referred to the HVU-UFSM. According to the owner, theanimal was born via normal delivery, had ingested milk, was alert, and had an enlarged pendulous abdomen at the umbilicus. Physical examination did not show any changes in vital functions; however, intestinal stasis was observed. Anin-depth examination revealed the presence of a round mass of tissue approximately 15 cm in diameter that was fillingthe remnant of the umbilical cord. This structure was covered by a thin, slightly dried membrane that isolated the contentsfrom the external environment. On palpation, the mass was firm and non-reducible, and an omphalocele was suspected.Given the severity of the condition, the animal immediately underwent an emergency surgical procedure to correct thecongenital defect. The surgery involved placing the intestinal loops that were present inside the sac in the abdominal cavity. At the end of the procedure, the animal was placed in a quadrupedal position to better assess omphalocele reduction.Postoperatively, the following medications were administered: a single dose of an analgesic along with a dipyrone andhyoscine-based antispasmodic (25 mg/kg, IM), an enrofloxacin-based antibiotic (2.5 mg/kg, IM) once a day for 7 days...(AU)

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This study set out to determine the impacts of a commercial equine enteral nutrition product on fecal pH, buffering capacity (BC) and physical examination variables. Eight healthy horses were randomly allocated to one of two simultaneous experimental groups in a 4×4 Latin square design. Horses were submitted to 12 hours of solid fasting, then fed increasing doses of the test product via nasogastric tube, as follows: 0% (pure water), 50%, 75% and 100% of the daily recommended dose. Test product doses were diluted in water (1:3) and delivered by bolus feeding. Fecal samples were taken directly from the rectal ampulla prior to (T0) and within 3, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours of product administration (T3, T6, T12, T24, T36 and T48 respectively). Within 24 to 36 hours of product administration, fecal pH was near 6 (p = 0.01). However, dose variation had no effect on pH. Product dose and sample collection time had a significant impact (p = 0.00) on buffering capacity at pH 6. The more dramatic drop in pH occurred within 24 to 36 hours of product administration, except in horses receiving the 0% dose (water). At pH 5, buffering capacity was affected by dose but not by sample collection time. Soft fecal consistency, increased intestinal motility and fat droplets in fecal samples were noted in most horses. Fecal pH and buffering capacity assessment are indirect tests. Still, results obtained from these tests were deemed useful for detection of intestinal changes, particularly when combined with physical examination. The product had an impact on faecal pH, buffering capacity and intestinal motility, therefore, it is recommended that the formulation be revised.(AU)

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o desempenho de uma formulação comercial para nutrição enteral em equinos quanto aos aspectos de pH fecal, capacidade tamponante (CT) nas fezes e exame físico. Para tal, utilizaram-se 8 equinos hígidos, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois Quadrados Latinos 4 X 4 simultâneos, que permaneceram em jejum alimentar 12 horas antes de receberem via sonda nasogástrica doses crescentes de 0% (somente água), 50%, 75% e 100% da quantidade total diária recomendada do produto, com a diluição estabelecida de três partes de água para cada parte de produto. Foram colhidas amostras de fezes diretamente da ampola retal antes da administração do produto (T0), 3 (T3), 6 (T6), 12 (T12), 24 (T24), 36 (36) e 48 (T48) horas após. Entre 24 a 36 horas após a administração do produto, o pH fecal estava próximo a 6 (p = 0,01). No entanto, a variação da dose não teve efeito sobre o pH. A dose do produto e o tempo de coleta da amostra tiveram um impacto significativo (p = 0,00) na capacidade tamponante das fezes em pH 6. A queda mais dramática no pH ocorreu dentro de 24 a 36 horas da administração do produto, exceto em cavalos que receberam a dose de 0% (água). Em pH 5, a capacidade tamponante das fezes foi afetada pela dose, mas não pelo tempo de coleta da amostra. Consistência fecal mole, aumento da motilidade intestinal e gotículas de gordura nas amostras fecais foram observados na maioria dos cavalos. A avaliação do pH fecal e da capacidade de tamponante são testes indiretos. Ainda assim, os resultados obtidos com essas análises foram considerados úteis para a detecção de alterações intestinais, principalmente quando combinados com o exame físico. O produto teve impacto no pH fecal, capacidade tamponante das fezes e motilidade intestinal, portanto, recomenda-se que a formulação seja revisada.(AU)

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Dorsopathies are common causes of decreased performance in athletic horses of various modalities, and inadequate or poorly adjusted saddles can lead to the onset of injuries and low back pain. The present study, searching to find the most appropriate saddle, evaluated the pressure determined from the panels of two saddle models most commonly used in endurance Arab horse on the thoracolumbar region. For the study, six Arabian geldings were used, weighing 390 ± 4.2 and 2.1 ± age 8 years, conditioned to endurance races, and two saddle models, English and Western. The horses were submitted to the work riding on a sandy lane by the same experienced rider who weighed 76 kg. Thermography was performed before and after each exercise session. The obtained data were analyzed through Student's paired t-test at 5% of significance. After exercise, there was a mean temperature difference between the contact areas of the right and left of the sweepers of two saddles compared, with the English saddle showing higher temperatures. Therefore, the Western saddle model, which has wider panels, despite not being a preferred model of endure riders, has proved to be more suitable for Arabian horse work.(AU)

As dorsopatias são causas comuns de diminuição de desempenho em cavalos atletas de várias modalidades e a sela inadequada ou mal ajustada pode levar ao aparecimento de lesões e dor lombar. O presente trabalho avaliou a pressão que os suadores dos dois modelos de sela mais comumente utilizados em cavalos Árabes de enduro exercem sobre a região toracolombar desses animais de modo a sugerir o uso do que fosse mais adequado. Foram utilizados seis cavalos da raça Árabe, machos castrados, com peso de 390 ± 4,2 e idade 8 ± 2,1 anos, condicionados para as provas enduro de velocidade livre e dois modelos de sela, a Inglesa e a Western. Os cavalos foram submetidos ao trabalho montado em pista de areia pelo mesmo cavaleiro, experiente, que pesou 76 kg. Foi realizada a termografia antes e depois das sessões de exercício. Os dados obtidos foram analisados através de teste T pareado de Student a 5% de significância. Houve diferença de temperatura média, após o exercício, entre as áreas de contato dos suadores direito e esquerdo da sela Inglesa e da sela Western, quando comparados, sendo que a sela Inglesa apresentou maiores temperaturas. Portanto, o modelo de sela Western, que possui suadores largos, embora não seja o modelo de preferência dos cavaleiros de enduro, mostrou-se mais adequado para o trabalho de cavalos Árabes.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Dorsopathies are common causes of decreased performance in athletic horses of various modalities, and inadequate or poorly adjusted saddles can lead to the onset of injuries and low back pain. The present study, searching to find the most appropriate saddle, evaluated the pressure determined from the panels of two saddle models most commonly used in endurance Arab horse on the thoracolumbar region. For the study, six Arabian geldings were used, weighing 390 ± 4.2 and 2.1 ± age 8 years, conditioned to endurance races, and two saddle models, English and Western. The horses were submitted to the work riding on a sandy lane by the same experienced rider who weighed 76 kg. Thermography was performed before and after each exercise session. The obtained data were analyzed through Students paired t-test at 5% of significance. After exercise, there was a mean temperature difference between the contact areas of the right and left of the sweepers of two saddles compared, with the English saddle showing higher temperatures. Therefore, the Western saddle model, which has wider panels, despite not being a preferred model of endure riders, has proved to be more suitable for Arabian horse work.

As dorsopatias são causas comuns de diminuição de desempenho em cavalos atletas de várias modalidades e a sela inadequada ou mal ajustada pode levar ao aparecimento de lesões e dor lombar. O presente trabalho avaliou a pressão que os suadores dos dois modelos de sela mais comumente utilizados em cavalos Árabes de enduro exercem sobre a região toracolombar desses animais de modo a sugerir o uso do que fosse mais adequado. Foram utilizados seis cavalos da raça Árabe, machos castrados, com peso de 390 ± 4,2 e idade 8 ± 2,1 anos, condicionados para as provas enduro de velocidade livre e dois modelos de sela, a Inglesa e a Western. Os cavalos foram submetidos ao trabalho montado em pista de areia pelo mesmo cavaleiro, experiente, que pesou 76 kg. Foi realizada a termografia antes e depois das sessões de exercício. Os dados obtidos foram analisados através de teste T pareado de Student a 5% de significância. Houve diferença de temperatura média, após o exercício, entre as áreas de contato dos suadores direito e esquerdo da sela Inglesa e da sela Western, quando comparados, sendo que a sela Inglesa apresentou maiores temperaturas. Portanto, o modelo de sela Western, que possui suadores largos, embora não seja o modelo de preferência dos cavaleiros de enduro, mostrou-se mais adequado para o trabalho de cavalos Árabes.

RESUMO

Dorsopathies are common causes of decreased performance in athletic horses of various modalities, and inadequate or poorly adjusted saddles can lead to the onset of injuries and low back pain. The present study, searching to find the most appropriate saddle, evaluated the pressure determined from the panels of two saddle models most commonly used in endurance Arab horse on the thoracolumbar region. For the study, six Arabian geldings were used, weighing 390 ± 4.2 and 2.1 ± age 8 years, conditioned to endurance races, and two saddle models, English and Western. The horses were submitted to the work riding on a sandy lane by the same experienced rider who weighed 76 kg. Thermography was performed before and after each exercise session. The obtained data were analyzed through Student's paired t-test at 5% of significance. After exercise, there was a mean temperature difference between the contact areas of the right and left of the sweepers of two saddles compared, with the English saddle showing higher temperatures. Therefore, the Western saddle model, which has wider panels, despite not being a preferred model of endure riders, has proved to be more suitable for Arabian horse work.(AU)

As dorsopatias são causas comuns de diminuição de desempenho em cavalos atletas de várias modalidades e a sela inadequada ou mal ajustada pode levar ao aparecimento de lesões e dor lombar. O presente trabalho avaliou a pressão que os suadores dos dois modelos de sela mais comumente utilizados em cavalos Árabes de enduro exercem sobre a região toracolombar desses animais de modo a sugerir o uso do que fosse mais adequado. Foram utilizados seis cavalos da raça Árabe, machos castrados, com peso de 390 ± 4,2 e idade 8 ± 2,1 anos, condicionados para as provas enduro de velocidade livre e dois modelos de sela, a Inglesa e a Western. Os cavalos foram submetidos ao trabalho montado em pista de areia pelo mesmo cavaleiro, experiente, que pesou 76 kg. Foi realizada a termografia antes e depois das sessões de exercício. Os dados obtidos foram analisados através de teste T pareado de Student a 5% de significância. Houve diferença de temperatura média, após o exercício, entre as áreas de contato dos suadores direito e esquerdo da sela Inglesa e da sela Western, quando comparados, sendo que a sela Inglesa apresentou maiores temperaturas. Portanto, o modelo de sela Western, que possui suadores largos, embora não seja o modelo de preferência dos cavaleiros de enduro, mostrou-se mais adequado para o trabalho de cavalos Árabes.(AU)

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ABSTRACT: The acute phase reaction occurs in response to diseases, surgical trauma and can happen after strenuous exercise, like long distance events. This study aimed to evaluate the Serum Amyloid A (SAA), pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL-1β and TNFα) and creatine phosphokinase (CK) after free speed races like physical stress markers in endurance horses. Blood of 21 trained horses that competed in tests of 80, 120 and 160km, was taken before and after race. There was a significant increase in CK and SAA after the race in all horses, as well as the anti-inflammatory interleukin IL-10. But when results were compared between the groups, only the SAA was different, being higher in 160km horses. There was no change in pro-inflammatory interleukins IL-1β and TNFα before and after the event; however, the TNFα was higher in 160km horses after the race. Based on data obtained in this study it was concluded that stress is more dependent on the distance than speed imposed and that SAA is a good marker of physical effort, since it is accompanied by other markers well established as CK. Interleukins are not a good markers since they did not change significantly.

RESUMO: A reação de fase aguda da inflamação ocorre como resposta a doenças, traumas cirúrgicos e pode acontecer após exercício físico extenuante, como provas de longa distância. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o Amiloide A Sérico (SAA), interleucinas pró-inflamatórias e a enzima creatinafosfoquinase (CK) após provas de velocidade livre como marcadores de esforço físico em cavalos de enduro. Utilizou-se sangue de 21 cavalos devidamente treinados, que competiram em provas de 80, 120 e 160km, colhido antes e depois da prova. Houve aumento significativo em CK e SAA após a prova em todos os cavalos, assim como da interleucina anti-inflamatória IL-10. Porém, quando os resultados foram comparados entre os grupos, somente a SAA apresentou diferença, sendo maior nos cavalos de 160km. Não foi observada alteração nas interleucinas pró-inflamatórias IL-1β e TNFα antes e depois da prova, todavia, o TNFα foi maior nos cavalos de 160km após a prova. Baseado nos dados obtidos neste estudo, conclui-se que o esforço é dependente da distância percorrida e não da velocidade imposta e que a SAA é um bom marcador de esforço físico, desde que acompanhada de outros marcadores já consagrados, como a CK. As interleucinas não se apresentaram bons marcadores, já que não sofreram alterações significativas.

RESUMO

The acute phase reaction occurs in response to diseases, surgical trauma and can happen after strenuous exercise, like long distance events. This study aimed to evaluate the Serum Amyloid A (SAA), pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL-1β and TNFα) and creatine phosphokinase (CK) after free speed races like physical stress markers in endurance horses. Blood of 21 trained horses that competed in tests of 80, 120 and 160km, was taken before and after race. There was a significant increase in CK and SAA after the race in all horses, as well as the anti-inflammatory interleukin IL-10. But when results were compared between the groups, only the SAA was different, being higher in 160km horses. There was no change in pro-inflammatory interleukins IL-1β and TNFα before and after the event; however, the TNFα was higher in 160km horses after the race. Based on data obtained in this study it was concluded that stress is more dependent on the distance than speed imposed and that SAA is a good marker of physical effort, since it is accompanied by other markers well established as CK. Interleukins are not a good markers since they did not change significantly.(AU)

A reação de fase aguda da inflamação ocorre como resposta a doenças, traumas cirúrgicos e pode acontecer após exercício físico extenuante, como provas de longa distância. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o Amiloide A Sérico (SAA), interleucinas pró-inflamatórias e a enzima creatinafosfoquinase (CK) após provas de velocidade livre como marcadores de esforço físico em cavalos de enduro. Utilizou-se sangue de 21 cavalos devidamente treinados, que competiram em provas de 80, 120 e 160km, colhido antes e depois da prova. Houve aumento significativo em CK e SAA após a prova em todos os cavalos, assim como da interleucina anti-inflamatória IL-10. Porém, quando os resultados foram comparados entre os grupos, somente a SAA apresentou diferença, sendo maior nos cavalos de 160km. Não foi observada alteração nas interleucinas pró-inflamatórias IL-1β e TNFα antes e depois da prova, todavia, o TNFα foi maior nos cavalos de 160km após a prova. Baseado nos dados obtidos neste estudo, conclui-se que o esforço é dependente da distância percorrida e não da velocidade imposta e que a SAA é um bom marcador de esforço físico, desde que acompanhada de outros marcadores já consagrados, como a CK. As interleucinas não se apresentaram bons marcadores, já que não sofreram alterações significativas.(AU)

Assuntos