RESUMO
To analyze the respondents' attitudes to oral hygiene and to assess the need for professional oral hygiene in different regions of the Russian Federation based on the data of questionnaire analysis. OBJECTIVE: To obtain comparative data on the issues of individual and professional oral hygiene of patients of medical dental organizations in a number of Russian cities. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted an anonymous questionnaire survey of 624 patients (18 to 70 years old) who applied to medical dental organizations of different forms of ownership in five regions of the Russian Federation (Moscow, Omsk, Ryazan, Samara, Tambov). Patients were interviewed using a specially designed questionnaire. RESULTS: The study involved patients of medical dental organizations from 5 regions of the Russian Federation, 57.2% of them were women and 42.8% men. In all cities more than 50% of the surveyed patients received care under the MHI program. More than 50% of the surveyed patients said that they tried to brush their teeth twice a day, the rest of the respondents said that they brushed their teeth only twice a day. Up to 27% of patients are not willing to comply with individualized dental care recommendations for various reasons. CONCLUSIONS: Highly motivated patients to high-quality dental hygiene behavior are in minority; according to the results of the study, it can be stated that there is a high need for professional oral hygiene among the surveyed respondents. It is necessary to work with patients to improve hygienic knowledge, skills and motivation for quality oral hygiene.
Assuntos
Higiene Bucal, Masculino, Humanos, Feminino, Adolescente, Adulto Jovem, Adulto, Pessoa de Meia-Idade, Idoso, Inquéritos e Questionários, Federação Russa, MoscouRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of adherence to treatment in patients applying to dental organizations of different forms of ownership. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 1.067 patients of both sexes and various ages who applied to public and private dental organizations of Moscow, Omsk, and Tyumen have been surveyed using the Questionnaire for Quantitative Assessment of Adherence to Treatment (KOP-25), which allows to obtain a quantitative evaluation of the level of adherence to drug treatment, medical support, lifestyle modification, and characterize the level of integral adherence to treatment in patients. Basing on a point rating system of assessment of the responses of the interviewed patients, integrative and structural indicators have been calculated using special formulas. The level of up to 50% has been interpreted as «low¼, from 51 to 75% as «medium¼, over 75% as «high¼. RESULTS: Patients applying to state and privately owned dental organizations have an insufficient level of adherence to treatment (50% medium and 37.4% low), 12.6% of the respondents show high adherence to treatment; adherence to treatment is higher in women, with the highest shown in the group of over 60 years old, independently of the form of ownership of the medical organizations; the interviewed men of all age groups are more inclined to apply for treatment to private medical organizations; all interviewed patients are the least ready for lifestyle modification, women are the most prone to using medication, and the least inclined to treatment are young patients interviewed when applying to public medical organizations. CONCLUSION: Individual treatment adherence assessment allows creating optimal treatment plans with treatment volume most acceptable for patients.
Assuntos
Inquéritos e Questionários, Feminino, Humanos, Masculino, Pessoa de Meia-Idade, MoscouRESUMO
Purpose of work is to determine the objective possibility of achieving the goal of the CHI program-the protection of the constitutional rights of citizens to receive free quality and affordable dental care based on the analysis of the potential of doctors in the field of dentistry. The study used the materials of the state statistical annual reports of the Ministry of health of the Russian Federation, forms No. 30 and No. 14-MED (CHI). The system of balanced indicators adapted by us served as a tool for effective process analysis of the personnel potential of doctors in the field of dentistry. Incorporating factor for achieving a strategic goal for the system CHI the results of analysis of practice-oriented factors of the potential of specialist doctors dentistry meets up 3.88 points, and the objective possibility of implementation of the CHI in the field of dentistry is 77.6 per cent. This indicator allows to measure the degree of success of the CHI system in the present and future and is intended for management as a decision-making tool in the process of personnel management.
Assuntos
Odontologia, Objetivos, Federação Russa, Recursos HumanosRESUMO
The study convincingly showed the presence of negative trends in the provision of medical dental organizations with material supplies. Thus, in 2014-2018 the basic growth rate of financial resources allocate for these purposes was only 15.96%. The corresponding value for the renewal of drugs and dressing materials equaled 12.28%, for reagents and chemicals, glass, chemical glassware - 6.62%, a decrease was revealed in the costs of medical instruments and food. The real amount of expenses for updating inventory in 1 working day for 1 doctor in the profile of dentistry and dental hygienist should correspond to 2067.16 rubles, which is 3.49 times higher than the allocated financial resources. Dentistry is still not included in the priority areas of healthcare in terms of financing. Under such circumstances, medical dental organizations cannot satisfy the growing need of the population for high-quality dental care. New technologies integration in the daily dental practice dictates the need for of new standards formation and a list of expenditure of inventories in the provision of medical and diagnostic assistance in the field of «dentistry¼.
Assuntos
Modelos Econômicos, Qualidade da Assistência à SaúdeRESUMO
AIM: Based on the comprehensive socio-economic study the analysis of the amount of dental and preventive care provided in terms of Compulsory Medical Insurance program has been made. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was based in six dental clinics of the Central Federal District of Russia, treating children and adults with the total amount of attached and insured patients equaled 170.000 in each. RESULTS: Visits for the purpose of prophylaxis make up 24.87±0.27% in the structure of all methods. Dental care specialists have conducted 25 413.0 prophylaxis admissions of their patients. 35 563.29 conventional units of labor input are elaborated on the total cost of 4 614 812.16 rubles. In the purpose of diseases prevention it is planned to spend the average of 0.21 conventional units of labor input on each insured citizen or 2.1 minute on the cost of 27.31 rubles. It was spent 0.51 conventional units of labor input or 5.1 minutes that costs 66,06 rubles for each patient. These data indicate the lack of funding and time to conduct quality preventive care. CONCLUSION: Dental diseases prophylaxis is at the low rate which is proved by the study results - only 0.19 visits with preventive purposes per one insured person. The total share of preventive services in the structure of all services, not including specialists, is 17.51±0.06%.
Assuntos
Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde, Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde, Adulto, Criança, Assistência Odontológica, Hospitalização, Humanos, Federação RussaRESUMO
The cost of providing dental services under the program of compulsory health insurance (CHI) in the 1 insured citizen in 2017 correspond 412.06 RUB. The proportion of patients sanitized of the number needing treatment is 57.05%, means of rehabilitation of mouth - 50.39%. Untimely treatment of the population for dental care, limiting its availability, insufficient funding of medical organizations contribute to the deterioration of the dental status of patients. Thus, the implementation of the CHI program in terms of sanitation of the mouth is very problematic. Consequently, the management of the situation requires social solutions and involves the collective responsibility of health authorities and society as a whole for the dental status of the population.
Assuntos
Seguro Saúde, Saneamento, Assistência Odontológica, Humanos, Boca, Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
On the basis of a survey of 732 patients of dental clinics as one of the most informative methods of assessing the quality of medical care, it was concluded that the satisfaction of the population in the conditions and quality of dental care is at a high level.
Assuntos
Assistência Odontológica, Clínicas Odontológicas, Assistência Odontológica/normas, Humanos, Satisfação do Paciente, Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde, Federação Russa, Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Influence of low concentration histamine on reactivity isolated trachea and bronchus preparations of rat induced field stimulation were studied. Application of 0.01-10 mkg histamine decreased responses preparation of trachea to 83% and bronchus to 79% at smooth muscle stimulation dose-depended manner. At postganglionic nerves stimulation histamine potentiated contraction of trachea without ganglions to 123%, trachea with ganglions to 110% and decreased contraction of bronchus to 87%. At stimulation ofpreganglionic nerves histamine evoked insignificant changes of contraction. With novocaine treatment of preparations histamine decreased responses of trachea by 19-30% at preganglionic stimulation, while responses of bronchus reduced by 8.2% only. Capsaicin treatment potentiated responses of trachea and bronchus on the effect of histamine induced preganglionic stimulation by 12-14%. We conclude that the action of histamine depends on the presence of ganglions and kind of stimulation. Different structures airways have various availability histamine-receptors and it determines the reaction of smooth muscle for histamine.
Assuntos
Brônquios/fisiopatologia, Agonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/farmacologia, Histamina/farmacologia, Contração Muscular, Músculo Liso/fisiopatologia, Traqueia/fisiopatologia, Anestésicos Locais/farmacologia, Animais, Fibras Autônomas Pré-Ganglionares, Capsaicina/farmacologia, Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga, Masculino, Procaína/farmacologia, Ratos, Ratos Wistar, Fármacos do Sistema Sensorial/farmacologiaRESUMO
The aim of the research was to evaluate peculiarities of ulcerous and erosive lesions of gastroduodenal zone (UELGDZ) in patients with arterial hypertension (AH). The authors studied clinical and endoscopic parameters in 442 patients with UELGDZ and AH, and 160 patients without AH (control group). The feature of the AH group was more frequent HP-invasion, aggravation of ulcerous process, development of complicated and atypical forms of the disease. In the patients with AH the clinical manifestations of chronic erosive gastritis were more diverse and severe; unfavorable clinical course prevailed. Risk of cardiovascular complications varied from low to very high, correlating with the severety of AH and UELGDZ.
Assuntos
Duodenite/epidemiologia, Gastrite/epidemiologia, Hipertensão/epidemiologia, Úlcera Péptica/epidemiologia, Adulto, Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia, Doença Crônica, Comorbidade, Progressão da Doença, Duodenite/patologia, Duodenoscopia, Feminino, Gastrite/patologia, Gastroscopia, Humanos, Hipertensão/fisiopatologia, Masculino, Pessoa de Meia-Idade, Úlcera Péptica/patologia, Prognóstico, Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
Comorbidity remains an important scientific and practical medical problem especially in respect to such prevalent and socially significant diseases as arterial hypertension (AH) and ulcerative-erosive gastroduodenal lesions (UEGDL). In these diseases there are common etiological and pathogenetic factors reflecting syntropy of this combination. These factors include systemic vascular disorders, homeostatic alterations, immunological disturbances, mental diseases, metabolic syndrome, impairment of cellular membranes as a result of activation of lipid peroxidation, etc. Adequate therapy is essential in AH comorbidity with UEGDL. It should be directed not only to lowering of blood pressure and local pathogenetic factors (acidopeptic, infectious, vascular) but also predict pharmacological impact on both diseases and other risk factors to reduce probability of unfavourable outcomes, correct damaged mechanisms of adaptive regulation of the organism and improve quality of patients' life. Specificity of the comorbide course of AH and UEGDL should be considered to perform adequate treatment, goal-oriented prevention and prediction of complications.
Assuntos
Hipertensão/complicações, Úlcera Péptica/complicações, Úlcera Péptica/fisiopatologia, Comorbidade, Humanos, Hipertensão/fisiopatologia, Úlcera Péptica/etiologia, Úlcera Péptica/patologia, Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Mexidol, emoxypine, and dimephosphon decrease the acute toxicity of nibentan in mice. In the experiments on cats, these drugs reduced the negative dromotropic action of nibentan and prevented an increase in the effective refractory period of the atrioventricular node and ventricles, in the QT interval length, and in the ventricular excitation threshold.
Assuntos
Antiarrítmicos/farmacologia, Antioxidantes/farmacologia, Benzamidas/farmacologia, Compostos Organofosforados/farmacologia, Picolinas/farmacologia, Animais, Antiarrítmicos/toxicidade, Antioxidantes/toxicidade, Benzamidas/toxicidade, Interações Medicamentosas, Eletrocardiografia, Coração/efeitos dos fármacos, Coração/fisiologia, Dose Letal Mediana, Camundongos, Compostos Organofosforados/toxicidade, Picolinas/toxicidade, Testes de Toxicidade AgudaRESUMO
The influence of mexidol on the acute toxicity and electrophysiological effects of nibentan, propranolol, and verapamil was experimentally studied. It was found that mexidol potentiates the ability of propranolol and verapamil to inhibit automatism of the sinus node and suppresses the ability of all the three drugs to increase the refractory period of myocardium. It is suggested that these effects are related to the action of mexidol upon ion channels.
Assuntos
Antiarrítmicos/toxicidade, Antioxidantes/farmacologia, Picolinas/farmacologia, Animais, Antiarrítmicos/antagonistas & inibidores, Gatos, Eletrocardiografia/efeitos dos fármacos, Feminino, Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/efeitos dos fármacos, Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/fisiologia, Dose Letal Mediana, Masculino, Camundongos, Período Refratário Eletrofisiológico/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The examination of 76 patients recovering after acute respiratory viral disease for somatic and vegetative neurologic condition revealed postinfluenzal asthenia in nearly half of them. Three degrees of the asthenia severity have been recognized. A differential approach to patients with postinfluenzal asthenia helps in more accurate evaluation of the treatment required and temporary disability grade.
