RESUMO
This study aimed to identify and evaluate the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, antigenotoxicity and chemoprevention assessment of flavonoids myricetin-3-O-(2â³-O-galloyl)-α-rhamnopyranoside and myricetin-3-rhamnoside from Inga laurina leaves extract. The Quinone reductase induction as a biomarker for cancer chemoprevention was evaluated in murine hepatocellular carcinoma, the cytotoxicity was evaluated by sulforhonamide B assay and genotoxicity was evaluated by comet assay using HepG2 cell line. The results demonstrated that the flavonoids didn´t show cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. In the chemoprevention evaluations were not able to promote the induction of Quinone Reductase and also no genotoxic effect was observed by evaluation of the comet assay in none of the concentrations tested. In the antigenotoxicity test, all compounds had a protective effect against damage induced by hydrogen peroxide and were repaired against damage. Although none of the flavonoids were capable of inducing the enzyme Quinone Reductase at the concentrations tested, the antigenotoxicity results showed a powerful chemoprotective action.
Assuntos
Quimioprevenção , Fabaceae , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Animais , Ensaio Cometa , Dano ao DNA , Fabaceae/química , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Camundongos , Compostos Fitoquímicos/isolamento & purificação , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/químicaRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity from Inga laurina leaves extracts and fractions and obtain their chemical profile. The chemical profile of the crude extract from I. laurina leaves and its fractions was investigated through 1H NMR, RP-HPLC-PDA by co-injection with authentic standards and HPLC-MS. The quinone reductase induction as a biomarker for cancer chemoprevention was evaluated in murine hepatocellular carcinoma line, whereas the cytotoxicity was evaluated by sulforhodamine B assay (SRB) using HepG2 cell line and genotoxicity was evaluated by comet assay. The phytochemical analysis of the leaves crude extract and its fractions showed the presence of 2-hydroxyethyl-dodecanoate and the phenolic compounds: gallic acid, methyl gallate, p-coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, myricetin-3-O-(2â³-O-galoyl)-α-rhamnopyranoside, proanthocyanidin A-2 and myricetrin. All the fractions tested were not considered cytotoxic against the selected human cancer cell lines, they did not cause genotoxic in some concentrations damage and induced the enzyme quinone reductase.
Assuntos
Fabaceae/química , Mutagênicos/toxicidade , Animais , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Ensaio Cometa , Dano ao DNA , Indução Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Camundongos , NAD(P)H Desidrogenase (Quinona)/biossíntese , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/químicaRESUMO
The subversion mechanisms employed by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) to escape from immune surveillance and to establish persistent infection are poorly understood. Growing evidence indicates that expression of HLA-G, a non-classical major histocompatibility complex molecule, negatively regulates immune responses in pathological conditions, including infectious diseases. In this context, we aimed to evaluate HLA-G expression in the gastric microenvironment of individuals harbouring H. pylori and to correlate it with histological variables. Fifty-four gastric specimens from patients harbouring H. pylori infection were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using anti-HLA-G monoclonal antibody. As a result, HLA-G expression was detected in 43 of 54 specimens harbouring H. pylori. The presence of HLA-G was significantly associated with milder colonization by H. pylori (P < 0.02), milder inflammatory activity (P < 0.02) and bacterium histological location in the gastric antrum. This study is the first to explore HLA-G expression in the context of bacterial infection. Whether the biological role of HLA-G during H. pylori infection is beneficial or hazardous for patients remains to be defined.
Assuntos
Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Antígenos HLA-G/biossíntese , Infecções por Helicobacter/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/imunologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/imunologia , Helicobacter pylori , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Isoformas de Proteínas/biossíntese , Estudos Retrospectivos , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
RESUMO Cyrtocymura scorpioides (sin. Vernonia scorpioides (Lam.) Pers.), Piracá é utilizada popularmente para tratamento de úlceras, traumatismos, candidíase, processos inflamatórios e dores musculares. Objetivou-se verificar nas plantas cultivadas na Vila Nair, Jardim São Dimas e Urbanova em São José dos Campos - SP, a influência da poluição veicular nos rendimentos da matéria seca (folhas), no óleo essencial, e no extrato bruto, bem como a ação citotóxica em células HEP-2 e L929, e identificar os componentes do óleo essencial e ação fungicida em Candida albicans. As estacas (54) foram cultivadas durante 6 meses em solo + adubo (2:1) na Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, e distribuídas nas estações Dutra (E1 - tráfego intenso), Teotônio (E2 - tráfego médio) e Urbanova (E3 - tráfego baixo), onde 18 mudas foram cultivadas durante 6 meses, sendo 3 repetições de 6 plantas. O óleo essencial foi extraído por hidrodestilação e seus componentes identificados por cromatografia gasosa acoplado a espectrômetro de massas (CG-MS), através de indice de similaridade com a base de espectros Wiley L. O extrato bruto foi concentrado por rotavapor. A ação fúngica foi avaliada pelo teste de difusão em disco e a citotoxicidade pelo teste MTT. Em Urbanova (E3) verificouse maior rendimento da matéria seca, do extrato bruto e do óleo essencial. Identificou-se no óleo essencial: ß-cariofileno, α-cariofileno, germacreno D, delta-cadineno e cariofileno. O Óleo Essencial possui possui baixa ação fungicida em C. albicans, enquanto o extrato hidroalcóolico se mostrou citotóxico para L929 e HEp-2.
ABSTRACT Cyrtocymura scorpioides (syn. Vernonia scorpioides (Lam.) Pers.), known as Piracá, is popularly used for the treatment of ulcers, trauma, candidiasis, inflammatory disorders, and muscle pain. This study aimed to assess the influence of vehicular pollution on the yield of dry matter (leaves), essential oil, and crude extract, and the cytotoxic action in HEP-2 and L929 cells. This study also aimed to identify the components of the essential oil, and verify its fungicidal action against Candida albicans in plants grown in Vila Nair, Jardim São Dimas, and Urbanova, São José dos Campos - SP, Brazil. The seedlings (54) were grown in soil + fertilizer (2:1) at the Universidade do Vale do Paraiba - UNIVAP, and distributed to different stations, Dutra (E1 - heavy traffic), Teotônio (E2 - medium traffic), and Urbanova (E3 - low traffic), where 18 seedlings were cultivated for 6 months, with 3 replicates of 6 plants. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and its components were identified by by Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS), with a similarity index computed using the Wiley L spectra. The crude extract was concentrated in a Buchi Rotary Evaporator R-114, the fungicidal action and cytoptoxicity were evaluated using the disk diffusion method and the MTT test, respectively. In Urbanova (E3), high yields of dry matter, crude extract, and essential oil were obtained. The following components were identified in the oil: ß-caryophyllene, α -caryophyllene, germacrene D, delta-cardinene, and caryophyllene oxide. The oil was found to have low fungicidal action against C. albicans, while the hydroalcoholic extract was cytotoxic to L929 and HEP-2.
Assuntos
Vernonia/classificação , Poluição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Óleos Voláteis/classificação , Citotoxinas/análiseRESUMO
This study proposes a bioprospection methodology regarding the antimicrobial potential of plant extracts against bacteria with cariogenic relevance. Sixty extracts were obtained from ten plants--(1) Jatropha weddelliana, (2) Attalea phalerata, (3) Buchenavia tomentosa, (4) Croton doctoris, (5) Mouriri elliptica, (6) Mascagnia benthamiana, (7) Senna aculeata, (8) Unonopsis guatterioides, (9) Allagoptera leucocalyx and (10) Bactris glaucescens--using different extraction methods - (A) 70° ethanol 72 h/25°C, (B) water 5 min/100°C, (C) water 1 h/55°C, (D) water 72 h/25°C, (E) hexane 72 h/25°C and (F) 90° ethanol 72 h/25°C. The plants were screened for antibacterial activity at 50 mg/ml using the agar well diffusion test against Actinomyces naeslundii ATCC 19039, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, Streptococcus gordonii ATCC 10558, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 35688, Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10556, Streptococcus sobrinus ATCC 33478 and Streptococcus mitis ATCC 9811. The active extracts were tested to determine their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), cytotoxicity and chemical characterization. Forty-seven extracts (78%) were active against at least one microorganism. Extract 4A demonstrated the lowest MIC and MBC for all microorganisms except S. gordonii and the extract at MIC concentration was non-cytotoxic. The concentrated extracts were slightly cytotoxic. Electrospray ionization with tandem mass spectrometry analyses demonstrated that the extract constituents coincided with the mass of the terpenoids and phenolics. Overall, the best results were obtained for extraction methods A, B and C. The present work proved the antimicrobial activity of several plants. Particularly, extracts from C. doctoris were the most active against bacteria involved in dental caries disease.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Fitoterapia/métodos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Actinomyces/efeitos dos fármacos , Annonaceae/química , Arecaceae/química , Brasil , Combretaceae/química , Croton/química , Humanos , Jatropha/química , Lactobacillus acidophilus/efeitos dos fármacos , Malpighiaceae/química , Melastomataceae/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Fenóis/análise , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extrato de Senna/química , Solventes/química , Streptococcus gordonii/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus mitis/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus sanguis/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus sobrinus/efeitos dos fármacos , Temperatura , Terpenos/análiseRESUMO
The aim of this study was to explore a possible influence of the HLA-G coding polymorphisms on the susceptibility to breast cancer development in Brazilian subjects; however, none of the HLA-G variation sites evaluated was influencing breast cancer susceptibility indicating that the variation in the HLA-G coding region is not a risk factor for breast cancer.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Antígenos HLA-G/genética , Adulto , Alelos , Brasil , Neoplasias da Mama/imunologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
The effect of replacing corn with low-tannin sorghum on broiler performance, carcass yield, integrity of mucosa of small intestine segments, and activity of membrane enzymes of the jejunum is investigated. A total of 594 male Cobb-500 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments: 100% corn (control), 50% corn replacement with low-tannin sorghum (low sorghum), and 100% corn replacement with low-tannin sorghum (high sorghum). Body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, and carcass yield were determined at 7, 21, and 42 d, and segments of the small intestine were collected. Feed conversion and weight gain were impaired at d 42 in broilers fed the high-sorghum diet, but no differences were observed for carcass yield among the treatments (P > 0.05). Crypt cell mitotic index of the jejunum and ileum at d 21 and 42 was lower in broilers fed the control diet than in those fed low- and high-sorghum diets (P < 0.05). Aminopeptidase activity was higher in broilers fed the control diet than in those fed low- and high-sorghum diets irrespective of age (P < 0.05). Conversely, intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity in the small intestine did not differ among the dietary treatments (P > 0.05). Our results indicate that 50% corn replacement with low-tannin sorghum is suitable for broiler diets, whereas 100% corn replacement with low-tannin sorghum had negative effects on the intestinal mucosa and performance of broilers at 42 d.
Assuntos
Ração Animal/análise , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dieta/veterinária , Mucosa Intestinal/fisiologia , Sorghum , Zea mays , Fosfatase Alcalina/genética , Fosfatase Alcalina/metabolismo , Aminopeptidases/genética , Aminopeptidases/metabolismo , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Proliferação de Células , Mucosa Intestinal/citologia , Masculino , Aumento de PesoRESUMO
Ethanolic extract of Casearia sylvestris is thought to be antimutagenic. In this study, we attempted to determine whether this extract and casearin X (a clerodane diterpene from C. sylvestris) are protective against the harmful effects of airborne pollutants from sugarcane burning. To that end, we used the Tradescantia micronucleus test in meiotic pollen cells of Tradescantia pallida, the micronucleus test in mouse bone marrow cells, and the comet assay in mouse blood cells. The mutagenic compound was total suspended particulate (TSP) from air. For the Tradescantia micronucleus test, T. pallida cuttings were treated with the extract at 0.13, 0.25, or 0.50 mg/ml. Subsequently, TSP was added at 0.3mg/ml, and tetrads from the inflorescences were examined for micronuclei. For the micronucleus test in mouse bone marrow cells and the comet assay in mouse blood cells, Balb/c mice were treated for 15 days with the extract-3.9, 7.5, or 15.0 mg/kg body weight (BW)-or with casearin X-0.3, 0.25, or 1.2 mg/kg BW-after which they received TSP (3.75 mg/kg BW). In T. pallida and mouse bone marrow cells, the extract was antimutagenic at all concentrations tested. In mouse blood cells, the extract was antigenotoxic at all concentrations, whereas casearin X was not antimutagenic but was antigenotoxic at all concentrations. We conclude that C. sylvestris ethanolic extract and casearin X protect DNA from damage induced by airborne pollutants from sugarcane burning.
Assuntos
Anticarcinógenos/farmacologia , Casearia/química , Dano ao DNA , Diterpenos Clerodânicos/farmacologia , Material Particulado/toxicidade , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Saccharum/química , Poluentes Atmosféricos/toxicidade , Animais , Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Medula Óssea/metabolismo , Brasil , Ensaio Cometa , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Testes para Micronúcleos , Folhas de Planta/química , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
As the mechanisms leading to the persistence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are poorly understood and as the histocompatibility leucocyte antigen (HLA)-G is well described as a tolerogenic molecule, we evaluated HLA-G expression in 74 specimens of HBV liver biopsies and in 10 specimens obtained from previously healthy cadaver liver donors. HBV specimens were reviewed and classified by the METAVIR score, and HLA-G expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. No HLA-G expression was observed in control hepatocytes. In contrast, 57 (77%) of 74 HBV specimens showed soluble and membrane-bound HLA-G expression in hepatocytes, biliary epithelial cells or both. No associations between the intensity of HLA-G expression and patient age or gender, HBeAg status, severity of liver fibrosis, and grade of histological findings were observed. Although significance was not reached (P = 0.180), patients exhibiting HLA-G expression presented a higher median HBV DNA viral load (105 copies/mL) than those who did not express HLA-G (10(3.7) copies/mL). These results indicate that HLA-G is expressed in most cases of chronic HBV infection in all stages and may play a role in the persistency of HBV infection.
Assuntos
Antígenos HLA/biossíntese , Antígenos HLA/imunologia , Vírus da Hepatite B/imunologia , Hepatite B Crônica/imunologia , Hepatite B Crônica/patologia , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/biossíntese , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/imunologia , Fígado/imunologia , Fígado/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Biópsia , Células Epiteliais/química , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Antígenos HLA-G , Hepatócitos/química , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Microscopia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by protozoans of the genus Leishmania, which is transmitted through the bite of hematophagous insects of the genus Lutzomyia. This study aimed at testing in vitro the phototoxic effect of aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (AlPcS4) on the viability of Leishmania major and Leishmania braziliensis. Stationary phase promastigote forms were treated with AlPcS4 at 1.0 µM and 10.0 µM and incubated for one hour. Then 659 nm laser was applied at 5 and 10 J/cm². Parasite viability was determined by differential count using the trypan blue dye exclusion method and by monitoring growth curves for nine days. Trypan blue exclusion assay showed a significant reduction of viable parasites compared to controls, L. major seemed more sensitive to the toxic effects of AlPcS4 in the dark. The most effective photodynamic therapy (PDT) was obtained with AlPcS4 at 10.0 µM and 10 J/cm² whereas L. braziliensis showed the highest mortality rate after treatment.