RESUMO
The kinetics of in vitro-produced (IVP) bovine embryos is related to embryo viability, metabolism, and epigenetic patterns. Therefore, we believe that embryos with different speeds of development also respond differently to stress. In the present study, we performed global metabolic analysis (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry [MALDI-TOF]) of culture media, characterized apoptotic events (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling [TUNEL] and caspase quantitation), and quantified transcript abundance of stress-related gene (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction [qRT-PCR]) in IVP bovine embryos with different developmental kinetics to investigate possible markers of stress response. For this purpose, embryos were considered "fast" if they presented four or more cells at 40 hours post insemination (hpi). Embryos presenting two cells at this time were classified as "slow". Evaluations were performed at 40 hpi, 112 hpi, and 186 hpi. Metabolome analysis revealed several metabolites differentially represented between groups at all time points related with energy, lipid and amino acids metabolism, and stress response. There was no difference in TUNEL positive cells between groups in any of the time points analyzed. Nevertheless, at 112 hpi, classified as a critical phase because of the genome activation, the amount of caspase 3 and 7 and total caspase were higher in slow when compared to fast group. Transcript abundance analysis of candidate genes (GRP78, HSP60, SOD1, and MORF4L2) was also different among groups. In conclusion, IVP bovine embryos of different development speeds respond differentially to the environmental stress leading to different metabolome patterns and apoptosis activation throughout the culture.
Assuntos
Bovinos/embriologia , Técnicas de Cultura Embrionária/veterinária , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento/fisiologia , Estresse Fisiológico/fisiologia , Animais , Apoptose , Embrião de Mamíferos/metabolismo , Chaperona BiP do Retículo EndoplasmáticoRESUMO
Chronic migraine (CM) has been associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension without papilloedema (IIHWOP), a significant percentage of these cases occurring in obese patients with intractable headache. A prospective study from February 2005 to June 2006 was made of 62 CM patients who fulfilled International Headache Society diagnostic criteria and had cerebral magnetic resonance venography (MRV) and lumbar puncture (LP) done. Two patients were excluded, six (10%) with elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) open pressure (OP), five with body mass index (BMI) > 25. None of the patients had papilloedema or abnormal MRV. BMI and CSF OP were significantly correlated (r = 0.476, P < 0.001, Pearson's correlation test). Obesity (defined as BMI > 30) was a predictor of increase in intracranial pressure (defined as OP > 200 mmH(2)O) (f = 17.26, 95% confidence interval 6.0, 8.6; P < 0.001). From our study we strongly recommend that not only intractable CM patients with high BMI, but also first diagnosed patients with BMI > 30 should be systematically evaluated by a LP to rule out IIHWOP.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Enxaqueca/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/etiologia , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Papiledema/complicações , Papiledema/diagnóstico , Pseudotumor Cerebral/complicações , Pseudotumor Cerebral/diagnóstico , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Medição de Risco/métodos , Fatores de Risco , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Psychiatric comorbidity is one of the key elements in chronic migraine (CM) management. Depression is particularly common in these patients, occurring in up to 85%. Preclinical studies have suggested that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels may be decreased in animal models of depression. Also, clinical studies have reported low level in mood disorder patients for both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) GABA. We hypothesized that low GABA levels in the brain might be related to the depression associated with CM. We studied 14 chronic migraine patients, with or without depression, compared to age-and sex-matched controls. CSF GABA levels were measured by HPLC. CSF GABA levels showed significant lower levels in depressed patients than those without depression. No difference was found when comparing patients versus controls. A GABA deficiency may be the underlying mechanism of depression in CM. Hence, preventive therapies modulating GABA neurotransmission could be used in CM associated with depression.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Transtorno Depressivo/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/deficiência , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Doença Crônica , Comorbidade , Transtorno Depressivo/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Agonistas GABAérgicos/farmacologia , Agonistas GABAérgicos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/fisiopatologia , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/psicologia , Transmissão Sináptica/efeitos dos fármacos , Transmissão Sináptica/fisiologia , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/análiseRESUMO
Both preclinical and clinical data link glutamate to the migraine pathophisiology. Altered plasma, platelets and cerebrospinal (CSF) glutamate levels have been reported in migraine patients. Chronic migraine is comorbid with several conditions. It has been recently shown chronic migraine comorbidity with fibromyalgia. The objective of this study was to study cerebrospinal fluid glutamate levels in chronic migraine patients with and without fibromyalgia. We studied 20 chronic migraine patients, with and without fibromyalgia, compared to age-sex matched controls. CSF glutamate levels were measured by HPLC. CSF glutamate demonstrated significantly higher levels in patients with fibromyalgia compared to those without fibromyalgia. Patients overall had higher CSF glutamate levels than controls. Mean pain score correlated with glutamate levels in chronic migraine patients. Tender points, the hallmark of fibromyalgia, can be considered as pressure allodynia, and is probably mediated by central sensitization, with increase in CSF glutamate levels. We postulate chronic migraine patients with fibromyalgia, in addition to have more disabling headaches, suffer from a more severe central sensitization process. This subtype of patients may respond to medications modulating glutamate receptors. Headache intensity correlate with glutamate levels in chronic migraine patients.
Assuntos
Fibromialgia/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Ácido Glutâmico/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Adulto , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Fibromialgia/complicações , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/complicaçõesRESUMO
This study is a contribution to the ex situ and in situ conservation and preservation of Sloths. The behavioral records of the social interaction between mothers and offspring allow the detection of important learning interactions and psychomotor development. The results provide valuable information that may assist in improving management conditions of captive orphan progeny. They also favor a more effective monitoring of released or transferred specimens. Age is of fundamental importance in deciding what is important during the release, transfer, or reintroduction of the species.
Assuntos
Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Comportamento Materno/fisiologia , Bichos-Preguiça/fisiologia , Transferência de Experiência/fisiologia , Animais , Feminino , Comportamento Materno/psicologia , Bichos-Preguiça/psicologia , Comportamento SocialRESUMO
This study is a contribution to the ex situ and in situ conservation and preservation of Sloths. The behavioral records of the social interaction between mothers and offspring allow the detection of important learning interactions and psychomotor development. The results provide valuable information that may assist in improving management conditions of captive orphan progeny. They also favor a more effective monitoring of released or transferred specimens. Age is of fundamental importance in deciding what is important during the release, transfer, or reintroduction of the species
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Comportamento Animal , Comportamento Materno , Bichos-Preguiça , Transferência de Experiência , Comportamento Materno , Bichos-Preguiça , Comportamento SocialRESUMO
Fecal samples of two species of armadillos Euphractus sexcinctus (Xenarthra, Dasypodidae), kept in captivity were analysed by direct and sedimentation methods. Entamoeba histolytica Schaudinn, 1903 and E. coli Grassi, 1879 (Amoebida, Endamoebidae) cysts were observed, the former for the first time in armadillos. This parasitism is worthy of registration in the literature because of the possibility of transmission to the human being when these animals are kept in captivity
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Tatus , Entamoeba histolytica , InfecçõesRESUMO
Skin scrapings of three sloths Bradypus variegatus from the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, were analysed after lactophenol clarification. The mites Sarcoptes scabiei De Geer, 1778 and Lobalges trouessarti Fonseca, 1954 were identified. For the first time, S. scabiei and L. trouessarti are recorded as mange agents in B. variegatus
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Sarcoptes scabiei , Dermatopatias , Bichos-PreguiçaRESUMO
Skin scrapings of three sloths Bradypus variegatus from the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, were analysed after lactophenol clarification. The mites Sarcoptes scabiei De Geer, 1778 and Lobalges trouessarti Fonseca, 1954 were identified. For the first time, S. scabiei and L. trouessarti are recorded as mange agents in B. variegatus.