RESUMO
Compound databases of natural products play a crucial role in drug discovery and development projects and have implications in other areas, such as food chemical research, ecology and metabolomics. Recently, we put together the first version of the Latin American Natural Product database (LANaPDB) as a collective effort of researchers from six countries to ensemble a public and representative library of natural products in a geographical region with a large biodiversity. The present work aims to conduct a comparative and extensive profiling of the natural product-likeness of an updated version of LANaPDB and the individual ten compound databases that form part of LANaPDB. The natural product-likeness profile of the Latin American compound databases is contrasted with the profile of other major natural product databases in the public domain and a set of small-molecule drugs approved for clinical use. As part of the extensive characterization, we employed several chemoinformatics metrics of natural product likeness. The results of this study will capture the attention of the global community engaged in natural product databases, not only in Latin America but across the world.
Assuntos
Produtos Biológicos , Produtos Biológicos/química , Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , América Latina , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/farmacologia , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/química , Descoberta de Drogas , Quimioinformática , Bases de Dados de Compostos QuímicosRESUMO
The number of databases of natural products (NPs) has increased substantially. Latin America is extraordinarily rich in biodiversity, enabling the identification of novel NPs, which has encouraged both the development of databases and the implementation of those that are being created or are under development. In a collective effort from several Latin American countries, herein we introduce the first version of the Latin American Natural Products Database (LANaPDB), a public compound collection that gathers the chemical information of NPs contained in diverse databases from this geographical region. The current version of LANaPDB unifies the information from six countries and contains 12,959 chemical structures. The structural classification showed that the most abundant compounds are the terpenoids (63.2%), phenylpropanoids (18%) and alkaloids (11.8%). From the analysis of the distribution of properties of pharmaceutical interest, it was observed that many LANaPDB compounds satisfy some drug-like rules of thumb for physicochemical properties. The concept of the chemical multiverse was employed to generate multiple chemical spaces from two different fingerprints and two dimensionality reduction techniques. Comparing LANaPDB with FDA-approved drugs and the major open-access repository of NPs, COCONUT, it was concluded that the chemical space covered by LANaPDB completely overlaps with COCONUT and, in some regions, with FDA-approved drugs. LANaPDB will be updated, adding more compounds from each database, plus the addition of databases from other Latin American countries.
RESUMO
While Health authorities in Panama strive to increase generic drug use to contain the rising costs of medicines, there is still hesitation to embrace generic drugs. Thus, regulators and drug companies need to ensure the quality, safety and efficacy of generic drugs. One prevailing concern is the absence of control over lot-to-lot changes, which may impact consistent therapeutic performance. The objective of this work was to determine whether near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) could detect product changes. Calibration models were built using reference (standard) tablets of two products: Virax® (200 mg acyclovir) and Amlopin® (5 mg amlodipine). Then, to assess the sensitivity of NIR to product changes we compared reference versus deliberately-modified formulations of these products. Comparisons were made using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of NIR spectra. Several modified lots were different from reference lots, and 3D score plots showed greater discrimination by PLS-DA than PCA. The Kth nearest neighbor scores (KNN) of the modified batches were used to classify formulations as identical or not identical versus the reference. In addition, the differences detected by NIR were correlated with different in vitro dissolution and/or permeation in the in vitro dissolution absorption system 2 (IDAS2): NIR and IDAS2 yielded the same rank-order of difference for the modified lots tested. This study suggests that NIR and IDAS2 can help detect lots of generic drugs that differ from the reference lots. This strategy may help regulatory agencies in developing countries to safeguard patients against lot-to-lot changes in generic products.
Assuntos
Medicamentos Genéricos , Espectroscopia de Luz Próxima ao Infravermelho/métodos , Química Farmacêutica/métodos , Análise de Componente PrincipalRESUMO
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the chloroform and ethanol extracts of Tovomita longifolia leaves using cytotoxic and antimicrobial assays resulted in the isolation of four new benzophenones, (E)-3-(2-hydroxy-7-methyl-3-methyleneoct-6-enyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxybenzophenone (1), (E)-3-(6-hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,7-dienyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxybenzophenone (2), 8-benzoyl-2-(4-methylpenten-3-yl)chromane-3,5,7-triol (3), and 5-benzoyl-1,1,4a-trimethyl-2,3,4,4a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-xanthene-6,8-diol (4), and two known benzophenones, 4-geranyloxy-2,6-dihydroxybenzophenone (5) and 3-geranyl-2,4,6-trihydroxybenzophenone (6). The structures of 1-4 were established by spectroscopic means and by molecular modeling calculations. Compounds 1 and 3-5 demonstrated cytotoxic activities against breast (MCF-7), central nervous system (SF-268), and lung (H-460) human cancer cell lines, while compounds 3-6 showed antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella gallinarum, and Staphylococcus aureus.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos , Benzofenonas , Clusiaceae/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Benzofenonas/química , Benzofenonas/isolamento & purificação , Benzofenonas/farmacologia , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Mycobacterium smegmatis/efeitos dos fármacos , Panamá , Folhas de Planta/química , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the CH(2)Cl(2) extract of the leaves of Marila pluricostata led to the isolation of 17 naturally occurring 4-phenylcoumarins, three of them, 5-hydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-4-phenyl-9,10-dihydro-8H-pyrano-[2,3-f]chromen-2-one (1), 5-hydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-4-phenyl-6-propionyl-9,10-dihydro-8H-pyrano-[2,3-f]chromen-2-one (2), and 5,7-dihydroxy-8-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-4-phenylchromen-2-one (3), are new natural compounds; the remaining (4-17) are known mammea-type coumarins. Their structures were established by spectroscopic means. All compounds were tested in cytotoxicity assays against the MCF-7, H-460, and SF-268 human cancer cell lines.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Clusiaceae/química , Cumarínicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Cumarínicos/química , Cumarínicos/farmacologia , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Panamá , Folhas de Planta/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
Three new compounds, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl-4,6-bis-O-beta-D-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)glucopyranoside (1), 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl-5-O-alpha-L-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)arabinofuranoside (2), and 2-hydroxy-4-O-alpha-L-(3,5,7-trihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-2-yl)phenylarabinofuranoside (3), were isolated from the young leaves of Triplaris cumingiana, together with two known compounds, quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-(5"-O-galloyl)arabinofuranoside (4) and quercetin 3-O-beta-D-(6"-O-galloyl)glucopyranoside (5). The structures of 1-3 were established by spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1-5 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against the MCF-7, H-460, and SF-268 human cancer cell lines.
Assuntos
Flavonóis/isolamento & purificação , Glicosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Medicinais/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Flavonóis/química , Flavonóis/farmacologia , Glicosídeos/química , Glicosídeos/farmacologia , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , PanamáRESUMO
Bioassay-guided fractionation of an EtOAc/MeOH extract of Adenaria floribunda young leaves using MCF-7, H-460, and SF-268 cancer cell lines yielded four new active compounds named adenaflorins A-D (1-4). Their chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic means. Adenaflorin A (1) was the most cytotoxic.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Lythraceae/química , Naftoquinonas/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Medicinais/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Estrutura Molecular , Naftoquinonas/química , Naftoquinonas/farmacologia , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Panamá , Folhas de Planta/química , Células Tumorais CultivadasAssuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antiprotozoários/farmacologia , Leishmania donovani/efeitos dos fármacos , Fitoterapia , Plantas Medicinais , Trypanosoma/efeitos dos fármacos , Alcaloides/farmacologia , Animais , América Central , Cumarínicos/farmacologia , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Células KB/efeitos dos fármacos , Medicina Tradicional , Testes de Sensibilidade Parasitária , Plasmodium falciparum/efeitos dos fármacos , Quinonas/farmacologiaRESUMO
A new cucurbitacin D analogue, 2-deoxycucurbitacin D (1), as well as cucurbitacin D (2) and 25-acetylcucurbitacin F (3) were isolated from Sloanea zuliaensis. Compound 1 was found only in the young leaves of the plant and not in the mature leaves, and its structure was established using spectroscopic means. Compounds 1-3 demonstrated potent cytotoxic activity against breast (MCF-7), lung (H-460), and central nervous system (SF-268) human cancer cell lines.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Elaeocarpaceae/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Triterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Neoplasias da Mama , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Estrutura Molecular , Panamá , Folhas de Planta/química , Triterpenos/química , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Células Tumorais Cultivadas/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanolic extracts of Vismia baccifera, V. jefensis, and V. macrophylla against human breast, CNS, and lung cancer cell lines resulted in the isolation of a new compound, ferruginin C (1), and seven known compounds, ferruginins A (2) and B (3), vismin (4), harunganin (5), vismione B (6), deacetylvismione H (7), and deacetylvismione A (8), as active constituents. In addition, bivismiaquinone (9) and vismiaquinone (10) were obtained as inactive constituents. The structure of ferruginin C was elucidated by spectroscopic means. Compounds 6-8 were the most active, and the cytotoxic activity of compounds 2-5 and 7 is reported for the first time.