RESUMO
Background: Data is scarce in Colombia when dealing with the current circumstances of programs for detectinghearing loss in children younger than six months and, therefore, statistical data is limited on congenital or earlyacquireddeafness. Studies have been conducted in the country on detection and prevention of hearing problems inthe healthcare institutions in Antioquia, Quindío, Cauca, Valle, and Risaralda. All these studies were carried outbetween 1993 and 1995 and included children older than one year of age, which shows evidence of the lack ofknowledge about the importance of early detection in the hearing-communicative health of children.Objective: To identify the current procedures and protocols to detect hearing loss in children younger than sixmonths in Cali through a descriptive research in different healthcare institutions of the city. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out with a population of 722 private, public and/or mixed Health Service Providing Institutions from the city of Cali, registered in the database of the Department of Health of Valle del Cauca,Colombia in February 2007. A list was filled out to determine which of these institutions had services like delivery room and/or growth-development programs and/or audiology services and it was found that these aspects were met in 151 institutions that constituted the research sample. Thereafter, a survey was applied in these institutions to identify theprocedures utilized for hearing loss detection, the health professionals that carry this out, and the follow up and thespeech-language treatment performed to the children detected. Results: 95% of the healthcare institutions surveyed (144 institutions) do not perform procedures to detect hearing loss in children younger than six months. Only six of the private-sector institutions in Cali performed such procedures. The procedures used by these six institutions are all performed with equipment and protocols forobjective tests.
Assuntos
Recém-Nascido , Transtornos da Audição , Perda Auditiva Condutiva , AudiçãoRESUMO
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum. The diagnosis is based mainly in clinical presentation and non-specific assays. PCR-based diagnosis has been suggested as an attractive alternative method. The aim of this study was the validation of a PCR-based test for the diagnosis of early syphilis (ES) and neurosyphilis (NS). Clinical samples of mucocutaneous lesions and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from patients previously diagnosed for ES and NS respectively using an enlarged gold standard, were tested by PCR. The reaction was done using primers targeting the tpN47 gene. Twenty out of 21 mucocutaneous samples from patients diagnosed with ES were positive by PCR, with a clinical sensitivity of 95%. Four out of 8 CSF samples from patients previously diagnosed with NS were positive by PCR, with a clinical sensitivity of 50%. The clinical specificity for both ES and NS was 100%. The PCR sensitivity and specificity for mucocutaneous samples allowed us to implement this assay in our laboratory for routine diagnosis. Although the sensitivity of the PCR in CSF was low, it may be useful to support clinical diagnosis.
Assuntos
DNA Bacteriano/análise , Neurossífilis/diagnóstico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Sífilis Cutânea/diagnóstico , Treponema pallidum/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Neurossífilis/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Neurossífilis/patologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Sífilis Cutânea/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Sífilis Cutânea/patologiaAssuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Neoplasias Femorais/diagnóstico , Dor/etiologia , Joelho , Neoplasias Femorais/complicaçõesAssuntos
Neoplasias Femorais/diagnóstico , Adulto , Feminino , Neoplasias Femorais/complicações , Humanos , Joelho , Dor/etiologiaRESUMO
Aqueous or ethanol infusions of Azorella compacta (llareta) in common with many other plants have been used as antidiabetic in the popular medicine in the altiplanic region of Chile. In order to determine if the diterpenic compounds chemically elucidated and isolated from this plant are responsible for this effect, streptozotocin diabetic rats (507 +/- 67 mg/mL glucose) were injected with two injections of diterpenic compounds mulinolic acid, azorellanol, and mulin-11,13-dien-20-oic acid at 180 mg/mL. Glycemia of animals treated with mulinolic acid and azorellanol was decreased to 243 +/- 2 and 247 +/- 14 mg/mL respectively, values very close to those reached by chlorpropamide injection used in controls. After 3 h treatment with mulin-11,13-dien-20-oic acid no effect was detected. The blood serum insulin in diabetic rats (146 +/- 58 pg/mL) was lower than in control rats. After injection of azorellanol, insulin was elevated to 247 +/- 23 pg/mL but with mulinolic acid, insulin was not changed. The antihyperglycemic effect of these compounds may explain the effectiveness of llareta in popular medicine. Because of the similarity to the hypoglycemic medication chlorpropamide, azorellanol could be acting on the beta cells of pancreatic islets, while mulinolic acid may act upon glucose utilization or production in the liver.