RESUMO

This study investigated the morphology of Rhinella crucifer cutaneous glands, as well as the protein/peptide profiles and bioactivities of body gland secretions (BGS) and parotoid macrogland secretions (PS). The parotoid as well as dorsal and ventral skin fragments of male and female individuals were processed for histological analysis. The protein and peptide profiles of male and female gland secretions were evaluated. Male secretions were also assessed for proteolytic, trypsin inhibiting, hemagglutinating, hemolytic, antimicrobial, and anticoagulant activities. The R. crucifer skin structure presented protuberances that are clearly visible and formed by the integument, which has cutaneous glands throughout the body. An average of 438 and 333 glands were identified in males in females, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the distribution of glands across the body as well as for area and perimeter of glands. Differences were observed in protein composition between the PS and BGS from males and females, and secretions from animals collected from undisturbed and anthropogenically disturbed areas. Proteins with similarities to catalase and elongation factor 1-alpha were detected in the PS. Zymography revealed proteolytic activity in both male BGS and PS. Male BGS showed antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli and anticoagulant activity, being able to prolong prothrombin time by 6.34-fold and activated partial thromboplastin time by 2.17-fold. Finally, male PS and BGS caused a maximum hemolysis degree of 1.4%. The data showed that the cutaneous secretions of R. crucifer are potentially promising for biotechnological prospecting.

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RESUMO

An adult male puma (Puma concolor), hit by a car in an urban area, died three days later despite the therapeutic support provided. At necropsy, multiple firm nodules were identified in the gastric mucosa. The nodules were coated by an intact mucosa with a central opening from which reddish and cylindrical nematodes protruded into the lumen. Twenty-seven nematodes were retrieved for morphological and morphometric evaluations. During histopathological examination of the gastric tissue, the adult nematodes appear in longitudinal and transverse sections, surrounded by thick bands of collagen, interspersed with mixed inflammatory infiltrates. The nematodes had an eosinophilic cuticle with caudal serrated projections (bulbar type), coelomyarian musculature, pseudocoelom, and females with uterus containing numerous larvated eggs, characteristics consistent with the Cylicospirura genus. Morphologically, female nematodes had six large tricuspid teeth in the oral cavity and the vulva had an opening anterior to the esophagus-intestinal junction. Male nematodes had five pairs of small papillae near the tip of the tail. These findings were consistent with Cylicospirura felineus. This parasite should be included in the differential diagnosis of nodular gastric wall lesions in wild felids.

Assuntos

RESUMO

An adult male puma (Puma concolor), hit by a car in an urban area, died three days later despite the therapeutic support provided. At necropsy, multiple firm nodules were identified in the gastric mucosa. The nodules were coated by an intact mucosa with a central opening from which reddish and cylindrical nematodes protruded into the lumen. Twenty-seven nematodes were retrieved for morphological and morphometric evaluations. During histopathological examination of the gastric tissue, the adult nematodes appear in longitudinal and transverse sections, surrounded by thick bands of collagen, interspersed with mixed inflammatory infiltrates. The nematodes had an eosinophilic cuticle with caudal serrated projections (bulbar type), coelomyarian musculature, pseudocoelom, and females with uterus containing numerous larvated eggs, characteristics consistent with the Cylicospirura genus. Morphologically, female nematodes had six large tricuspid teeth in the oral cavity and the vulva had an opening anterior to the esophagus–intestinal junction. Male nematodes had five pairs of small papillae near the tip of the tail. These findings were consistent with Cylicospirura felineus. This parasite should be included in the differential diagnosis of nodular gastric wall lesions in wild felids.(AU)

Uma onça parda (Puma concolor) foi encontrada em uma área urbana após atropelamento e, apesar do suporte terapêutico fornecido, o animal morreu três dias depois. No exame post-mortem, múltiplos nódulos firmes foram identificados na mucosa gástrica. Os nódulos eram revestidos por mucosa intacta com um orifício central, do qual se insinuavam nematódeos cilíndricos e avermelhados. Vinte e sete nematódeos foram recuperados para avaliação morfológica e morfométrica. Na avaliação histopatológica do tecido gástrico, os nematódeos adultos apareceram em cortes longitudinais e transversais, circundados por bandas espessas de colágeno, intercaladas por infiltrado inflamatório misto. Os nematódeos eram constituídos por cutícula eosinofílica, com projeções serrilhadas voltadas caudalmente (do tipo bulbar), musculatura celomiariana, pseudoceloma e, nas fêmeas, útero com numerosos ovos larvados cujos achados foram sugestivos do gênero Cylicospirura. Morfologicamente, a cavidade bucal continha seis grandes dentes trífidos, na fêmea, a abertura da vulva era anterior à junção esôfago intestinal; e os machos tinham cinco pares de pequenas papilas próximas à ponta da cauda. Esses achados foram consistentes com Cylicospirura felineus. Este parasita deve ser incluído no diagnóstico diferencial de lesões nodulares da parede gástrica em felinos selvagens.(AU)

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ABSTRACT: Among the health disorders caused by obesity in dogs stand out hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Glycemic responses are directly related to the amount and type of starch. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different sources of starch on glycemic and lipid levels in obese dogs. These dogs were distributed in a completely randomized design in a factorial 3x2x2 (three sources starchy - corn (60%), sorghum (60%) and corn: sorghum (30:30%), two breeds - Beagle and Dachshund and males and females. After 28 days of experiment, dogs fed with corn had higher amounts of glucose (93.79A mg dL-1) (P<0.05) compared with diets containing sorghum (88.00Bmg dL-1) and corn: sorghum (88.75B mg dL-1) (P>0.05). Thus, dogs that consumed corn had a higher glycemic peak in a shorter time compared with dogs that ingested sorghum. Furthermore, the dogs fed with diet containing sorghum showed lower levels of fructosamine that dogs that ingested corn diet (P<0.05) demonstrating that the diet containing sorghum maintained blood glucose over a longer time period that reduces the fluctuation of glucose in dogs. At 56 and 112 days of the experiment, a positive correlation between glucose levels and body weight (P<0.05) was also observed. At 28, 56, 84 and 112 days, Beagle dogs showed higher serum concentrations of total cholesterol compared with Dachshund dogs (P<0.05). It was concluded that the starchy source and breed can interfere with metabolic rates of obese dogs.

RESUMO: Dentre os transtornos de saúde causados pela obesidade em cães, destacam-se a hiperglicemia e a hiperlipidemia. As respostas glicêmicas estão diretamente relacionadas com a quantidade e o tipo de amido consumido. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes fontes de amido sobre os índices glicêmico e lipídico de cães obesos. Os animais foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 3x2x2 (três fontes amiláceas - milho (60%), sorgo (60%) e milho:sorgo (30:30%), duas raças - Beagle e Dachshund - e dois sexos. Aos 28 dias de experimento, os cães alimentados com milho apresentaram maiores valores de glicose (93,79Amg dL-1) (P<0,05), comparados com as dietas contendo sorgo (88,00Bmg dL-1) e sorgo:milho (88,75Bmg dL-1), que não diferiram significativamente entre si (P>0,05). Assim, os animais que ingeriram milho apresentaram um maior pico glicêmico em um menor tempo, quando comparado com os cães que ingeriram apenas sorgo. Além disso, os animais que ingeriram as dietas com sorgo apresentaram menores níveis de frutosamina do que os cães que ingeriram dieta com milho (P<0,05), demonstrando que a dieta com sorgo proporcionou manutenção da glicemia por um período de tempo maior, reduzindo as flutuações de glicose nos cães. Aos 56 e 112 dias de experimento, foi observada correlação positiva entre os níveis glicêmicos e o peso corporal (P<0,05). Aos 28, 56, 84 e 112 dias, os cães da raça Beagle apresentaram maior concentração sérica de colesterol total e de triglicerídeos que cães Dachshund (P<0,05). Conclui-se que a fonte amilácea e a raça podem interferir nos índices metabólicos de cães obesos.

RESUMO

Among the health disorders caused by obesity in dogs stand out hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Glycemic responses are directly related to the amount and type of starch. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different sources of starch on glycemic and lipid levels in obese dogs. These dogs were distributed in a completely randomized design in a factorial 3x2x2 (three sources starchy - corn (60%), sorghum (60%) and corn: sorghum (30:30%), two breeds - Beagle and Dachshund and males and females. After 28 days of experiment, dogs fed with corn had higher amounts of glucose (93.79A mg dL-¹) (P<0.05) compared with diets containing sorghum (88.00Bmg dL-¹) and corn: sorghum (88.75B mg dL-¹) (P>0.05). Thus, dogs that consumed corn had a higher glycemic peak in a shorter time compared with dogs that ingested sorghum. Furthermore, the dogs fed with diet containing sorghum showed lower levels of fructosamine that dogs that ingested corn diet (P<0.05) demonstrating that the diet containing sorghum maintained blood glucose over a longer time period that reduces the fluctuation of glucose in dogs. At 56 and 112 days of the experiment, a positive correlation between glucose levels and body weight (P<0.05) was also observed. At 28, 56, 84 and 112 days, Beagle dogs showed higher serum concentrations of total cholesterol compared with Dachshund dogs (P<0.05). It was concluded that the starchy source and breed can interfere with metabolic rates of obese dogs.(AU)

Dentre os transtornos de saúde causados pela obesidade em cães, destacam-se a hiperglicemia e a hiperlipidemia. As respostas glicêmicas estão diretamente relacionadas com a quantidade e o tipo de amido consumido. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes fontes de amido sobre os índices glicêmico e lipídico de cães obesos. Os animais foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 3x2x2 (três fontes amiláceas - milho (60%), sorgo (60%) e milho:sorgo (30:30%), duas raças - Beagle e Dachshund - e dois sexos. Aos 28 dias de experimento, os cães alimentados com milho apresentaram maiores valores de glicose (93,79Amg dL-¹) (P<0,05), comparados com as dietas contendo sorgo (88,00Bmg dL-¹) e sorgo:milho (88,75Bmg dL-¹), que não diferiram significativamente entre si (P>0,05). Assim, os animais que ingeriram milho apresentaram um maior pico glicêmico em um menor tempo, quando comparado com os cães que ingeriram apenas sorgo. Além disso, os animais que ingeriram as dietas com sorgo apresentaram menores níveis de frutosamina do que os cães que ingeriram dieta com milho (P<0,05), demonstrando que a dieta com sorgo proporcionou manutenção da glicemia por um período de tempo maior, reduzindo as flutuações de glicose nos cães. Aos 56 e 112 dias de experimento, foi observada correlação positiva entre os níveis glicêmicos e o peso corporal (P<0,05). Aos 28, 56, 84 e 112 dias, os cães da raça Beagle apresentaram maior concentração sérica de colesterol total e de triglicerídeos que cães Dachshund (P<0,05). Conclui-se que a fonte amilácea e a raça podem interferir nos índices metabólicos de cães obesos.(AU)

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RESUMO

O sorgo é uma fonte de carboidratos complexos que possui digestão lenta, podendo contribuir na redução de peso corporal pela manutenção de saciedade por tempo prolongado. Objetivou-se avaliar o uso de dietas formuladas a base de milho, sorgo e milho:sorgo na redução de peso corporal de cães, de ambos os sexos e de duas raças, previamente induzidos ao sobrepeso. Trinta e seis cães adultos inteiros foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 3x2x2: três combinações de carboidratos - milho (60% - DM), sorgo (60% - DS) e milho:sorgo (30:30% - DMS); duas raças - Beagle (RBE) e Daschund (RDA); dois sexos. Os cães RBE e RDA tiveram, em média, uma redução de peso de aproximadamente 1,52±0,76kg e 0,97±0,62kg, respectivamente (P<0,05). Os machos (9,98±4,34), de ambas as raças, foram mais pesados que as fêmeas (8,87±3,67) (P<0,05). Todavia, a média do escore da condição corporal (ECC) não diferiu entre machos e fêmeas (P>0,05). Houve efeito significativo da raça e da dieta sobre o índice de massa corporal (IMCC) (P<0,05). Os cães RBE e RDA tiveram redução de IMCC de 11 e 18%, respectivamente (P<0,05). Verificou-se que os cães alimentados com DM apresentaram maior IMCC, comparado com as demais dietas (P<0,05) que não diferiram entre si (P>0,05). A redução de IMCC variou de 1,48, 3,29 e 2,75 para as dietas DM, DS e DMS (P<0,05), que representou cerca de 9,25%, 19,26 e 16,65%, respectivamente, da IMCC inicial (P<0,05). Conclui-se que a dieta influencia significativamente o IMCC, mas não interfere sobre o peso corporal. As dietas com sorgo tiveram os menores IMCC. A raça é determinante no IMCC. Em ambos os sexos não há diferença significativa no peso corporal entre os tratados com DM, DS ou DMS.

Sorghum is a source of complex carbohydrates that have slow digestion and can contribute to the reduction of body weight by maintaining prolonged satiety. This study aimed to evaluate the use of diets based on corn, sorghum and maize: sorghum in reducing body weight in dogs previously induced to overweight. Thirty-six dogs were distributed in a completely randomized design in a factorial 3x2x2: three combinations of carbohydrates - corn (60% - DM), sorghum (60% - DS) and corn: sorghum (30:30% - DMS); two breeds - Beagle (RBE) and Daschund (RDA) and two sex. Dogs RBE and RDA had an average weight reduction of approximately 1.52±0.76kg and 0.97±0.62kg, respectively (P<0.05). Males (10.46±4.46kg) were heavier than females (9.24±3.76kg) (P<0.05). However, the average body condition score (BCS) did not differ between males and females (P>0.05). Significant effect of race and diet on body mass index (IMCC) (P<0.05). Dogs RBE and RDA showed reduction on IMCC by 11 and 18%, respectively (P<0.05). It was observed that the dogs fed with DM showed higher IMCC compared to the other (P<0.05). The IMCC reduction ranged from 1.48, 3.29 and 2.75 for diets DM, DS and DMS (P<0.05), which represented approximately 9.25%, 19.26 and 16.65%, respectively, from initial IMCC (P<0.05). In conclusion, the diet influences the IMCC but not affect body weight. The race is a determining factor on the IMCC. In both sexes, there are no significant difference in body weight between treated DM, DS or DMS.

RESUMO

O sorgo é uma fonte de carboidratos complexos que possui digestão lenta, podendo contribuir na redução de peso corporal pela manutenção de saciedade por tempo prolongado. Objetivou-se avaliar o uso de dietas formuladas a base de milho, sorgo e milho:sorgo na redução de peso corporal de cães, de ambos os sexos e de duas raças, previamente induzidos ao sobrepeso. Trinta e seis cães adultos inteiros foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 3x2x2: três combinações de carboidratos - milho (60% - DM), sorgo (60% - DS) e milho:sorgo (30:30% - DMS); duas raças - Beagle (RBE) e Daschund (RDA); dois sexos. Os cães RBE e RDA tiveram, em média, uma redução de peso de aproximadamente 1,52±0,76kg e 0,97±0,62kg, respectivamente (P<0,05). Os machos (9,98±4,34), de ambas as raças, foram mais pesados que as fêmeas (8,87±3,67) (P<0,05). Todavia, a média do escore da condição corporal (ECC) não diferiu entre machos e fêmeas (P>0,05). Houve efeito significativo da raça e da dieta sobre o índice de massa corporal (IMCC) (P<0,05). Os cães RBE e RDA tiveram redução de IMCC de 11 e 18%, respectivamente (P<0,05). Verificou-se que os cães alimentados com DM apresentaram maior IMCC, comparado com as demais dietas (P<0,05) que não diferiram entre si (P>0,05). A redução de IMCC variou de 1,48, 3,29 e 2,75 para as dietas DM, DS e DMS (P<0,05), que representou cerca de 9,25%, 19,26 e 16,65%, respectivamente, da IMCC inicial (P<0,05). Conclui-se que a dieta influencia significativamente o IMCC, mas não interfere sobre o peso corporal. As dietas com sorgo tiveram os menores IMCC. A raça é determinante no IMCC. Em ambos os sexos não há diferença significativa no peso corporal entre os tratados com DM, DS ou DMS.(AU)

Sorghum is a source of complex carbohydrates that have slow digestion and can contribute to the reduction of body weight by maintaining prolonged satiety. This study aimed to evaluate the use of diets based on corn, sorghum and maize: sorghum in reducing body weight in dogs previously induced to overweight. Thirty-six dogs were distributed in a completely randomized design in a factorial 3x2x2: three combinations of carbohydrates - corn (60% - DM), sorghum (60% - DS) and corn: sorghum (30:30% - DMS); two breeds - Beagle (RBE) and Daschund (RDA) and two sex. Dogs RBE and RDA had an average weight reduction of approximately 1.52±0.76kg and 0.97±0.62kg, respectively (P<0.05). Males (10.46±4.46kg) were heavier than females (9.24±3.76kg) (P<0.05). However, the average body condition score (BCS) did not differ between males and females (P>0.05). Significant effect of race and diet on body mass index (IMCC) (P<0.05). Dogs RBE and RDA showed reduction on IMCC by 11 and 18%, respectively (P<0.05). It was observed that the dogs fed with DM showed higher IMCC compared to the other (P<0.05). The IMCC reduction ranged from 1.48, 3.29 and 2.75 for diets DM, DS and DMS (P<0.05), which represented approximately 9.25%, 19.26 and 16.65%, respectively, from initial IMCC (P<0.05). In conclusion, the diet influences the IMCC but not affect body weight. The race is a determining factor on the IMCC. In both sexes, there are no significant difference in body weight between treated DM, DS or DMS.(AU)

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Este relato descreve e discute os achados clínicos, anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos de um caso de adenocarcinoma gástrico com ossificação heterotópica em cão macho de doze anos com histórico de vômitos frequentes não responsivos a tratamento. Na necropsia, o estômago na região fúndica e no corpo próximo à curvatura menor apresentava parede intensamente espessada, elevada, irregular e firme. A microscopia demonstrou áreas multifocais de proliferação neoplásica maligna de células epiteliais, formando ácinos ou túbulos contendo quantidade variável de mucina e múltiplos focos de ossificação heterotópica. As células neoplásicas foram positivas para citoqueratina e negativas para vimentina e osteocalcina. Metástases da neoplasia foram observadas nos Iinfonodos gástricos e nos pulmões.

This report describes and discusses the clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical findings in a case of gastric adenocarcinoma with heterotopic ossification in a 12-year-old male dog with a history of non responsive and frequent vomiting. At necropsy, the stomach fundus and body near the lesser curvature had a markedly thick, raised, irregular and firm wall. Light microscopy showed multifocal areas of malignant neoplastic proliferation of epithelial cells, forming tubules containing acini with variable amount of mucin and multiple foci of heterotopic ossification. The neoplastic cells were positive for cytokeratin and negative for vimentin and osteocalcin. Metastases of gastric cancer were observed in lymph nodes and lungs.

Este reporte describe y analiza los aspectos clínicos, patológicos e inmunohistoquímicos en un caso de adenocarcinoma gástrico con osificación heterotópica en un perro, macho, de 12 años, con un cuadro de vómitos frecuentes no responsivos al tratamiento. Durante la necropsia el paciente presentaba la pared de la región fúndica y de la curvatura menor muy engrosada, elevada, irregular y firme. La microscopia mostró áreas multifocales de una proliferación neoplásica maligna de células epiteliales, que formaban acinos o túbulos, y que contenían una cantidad variable de mucina y focos múltiples de osificación heterotópica. Las células neoplásicas fueron positivas para citoqueratina y negativas para vimentina y osteocalcina. Se observaron metástasis de la neoplasia en linfonódulos gastricos y en pulmones.

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RESUMO

Este relato descreve e discute os achados clínicos, anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos de um caso de adenocarcinoma gástrico com ossificação heterotópica em cão macho de doze anos com histórico de vômitos frequentes não responsivos a tratamento. Na necropsia, o estômago na região fúndica e no corpo próximo à curvatura menor apresentava parede intensamente espessada, elevada, irregular e firme. A microscopia demonstrou áreas multifocais de proliferação neoplásica maligna de células epiteliais, formando ácinos ou túbulos contendo quantidade variável de mucina e múltiplos focos de ossificação heterotópica. As células neoplásicas foram positivas para citoqueratina e negativas para vimentina e osteocalcina. Metástases da neoplasia foram observadas nos Iinfonodos gástricos e nos pulmões.(AU)

This report describes and discusses the clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical findings in a case of gastric adenocarcinoma with heterotopic ossification in a 12-year-old male dog with a history of non responsive and frequent vomiting. At necropsy, the stomach fundus and body near the lesser curvature had a markedly thick, raised, irregular and firm wall. Light microscopy showed multifocal areas of malignant neoplastic proliferation of epithelial cells, forming tubules containing acini with variable amount of mucin and multiple foci of heterotopic ossification. The neoplastic cells were positive for cytokeratin and negative for vimentin and osteocalcin. Metastases of gastric cancer were observed in lymph nodes and lungs.(AU)

Este reporte describe y analiza los aspectos clínicos, patológicos e inmunohistoquímicos en un caso de adenocarcinoma gástrico con osificación heterotópica en un perro, macho, de 12 años, con un cuadro de vómitos frecuentes no responsivos al tratamiento. Durante la necropsia el paciente presentaba la pared de la región fúndica y de la curvatura menor muy engrosada, elevada, irregular y firme. La microscopia mostró áreas multifocales de una proliferación neoplásica maligna de células epiteliales, que formaban acinos o túbulos, y que contenían una cantidad variable de mucina y focos múltiples de osificación heterotópica. Las células neoplásicas fueron positivas para citoqueratina y negativas para vimentina y osteocalcina. Se observaron metástasis de la neoplasia en linfonódulos gastricos y en pulmones.(AU)

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The goal of this study was to investigate the presence of bovine papillomavirus type 2 (BPV-2) genomic DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, in the urinary bladder of cattle with bovine enzootic hematuria (BEH), in the neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions in Espírito Santo, Brazil. Thus, 46 bladders with gross BEH lesions were collected from adult cattle at slaughterhouses. The samples were divided into two portions: one for use in histopathological analysis and the other one for PCR. Microscopic analysis showed that 56.52% of the bladders presented neoplastic lesions, of which 50% were benign, 23.08% were malignant and 26.92% presented both types of neoplasms. The remaining 43.48% of the bladders did not show any neoplasms. Presence of BPV-2 was confirmed in 43.48% of the bladders: 65% of these were found in neoplastic lesions and 35% in non-neoplastic lesions. Among the neoplastic lesions, detection of BPV-2 was more frequent in benign lesions (53.84%), followed by malignant lesions (23.08%) and by those presenting both benign and malignant lesions (23.08%). These results confirm the presence of BPV-2 in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions in urinary bladders of cattle with enzootic hematuria from the studied geographic area.

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