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BACKGROUND: Women with COVID-19 experienced numerous concerns and doubts about the safety of breastfeeding their babies, and lack of support may have impacted breastfeeding practices. This study aims to compare breastfeeding beliefs, practices, and contact with healthcare professionals regarding the level of postnatal feeding support provided during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and the United Kingdom. METHODS: A multi-country cross-sectional study was conducted with postnatal women in five countries. Women up to six months postpartum were invited to complete an online survey concerning the transmission of preventative measures, beliefs toward breastfeeding, infant feeding practices in the last 24 hours and experiences of postnatal infant feeding support between July to November 2021. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the association. RESULTS: Of the 3,253 eligible responses received, 39.5% of children were aged between one and two months, but in Taiwan (36%) and South Korea (42.8%) they were between three and four months. The mean of the belief score was significantly different among countries (p < 0.0001). Women in Brazil and the UK had a higher rate of breastfeeding at the breast (90.7% and 85.4%, respectively) compared to the three Asian countries (p < 0.0001) while feeding with expressed breastmilk in Thailand (59.9%), Taiwan (52.6%), and South Korea (50.4%) was higher than the others (p < 0.0001). Brazil and UK mothers (mean = 16.0 and 14.5 respectively) had a higher mean score for belief toward breastfeeding during the COVID-19 than the others. These results are inversely associated with breastfeeding but positively related to formula feeding practice. Postnatal feeding support during the COVID-19 pandemic was mainly provided by healthcare professionals (67.1%) and peers / family through face-to-face personal contact (51.6%) in all countries. CONCLUSION: Some differences were found in breastfeeding beliefs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Asian countries. A positive breastfeeding belief was associated with the practice of breastfeeding at the breast. Women from all countries received postpartum infant feeding support from health professionals and peers / family through personal contacts. Governments need to emphasize and disseminate the importance of breastfeeding safety, especially in Asian countries.

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The study is aimed at investigating if PUFA supplementation could prevent the effects of a short-term HFD on α7nAChR expression and on the severity of sepsis. Swiss mice were used for the in vivo experiments. For the in vitro experiments, we used a microglia cell line (BV-2) and a hepatoma cell line (Hepa-1c1c7) derived from mice. The animals were either fed standard chow, fed a short-term HFD (60%), or given supplementation with omega-3 fatty acid (2 g/kg or 4 g/kg bw) for 17 days, followed by a short-term HFD. Endotoxemia was induced with an intraperitoneal (i.p.) lipopolysaccharide injection (LPS, 5 or 12 mg/kg), and sepsis was induced by subjecting the animals to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). BV-2 and Hepa-1c1c7 cells were treated with LPS (100 and 500 ng/mL, respectively) for 3 hours. RT-PCR or Western blotting was used to evaluate α7nAChR expression, inflammatory markers, DNMT1, and overall ubiquitination. LPS and HFD reduced the expression of α7nAChR and increased the expression of inflammatory markers. Omega-3 partially prevented the damage caused by the HFD to the expression of α7nAChR in the bone marrow and hypothalamus, decreased the inflammatory markers, and reduced susceptibility to sepsis-induced death. Exposing the BV-2 cells to LPS increased the protein content of DNMT1 and the overall ubiquitination and reduced the expression of α7nAChR. The inflammation induced by LPS in the BV-2 cell decreased α7nAChR expression and concomitantly increased DNMT1 expression and the ubiquitinated protein levels, indicating the participation of pre- and posttranscriptional mechanisms.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da ω-conotoxina MVIIC e das células-tronco mesenquimais (CTM) de forma isolada e sua associação nos ratos submetidos ao trauma medular agudo (TMA). Trinta Rattus novergicus, linhagem Wistar, três meses de idade, foram distribuídos igualmente em cinco grupos experimentais: controle negativo (CN), controle positivo (CP), ω-conotoxina MVIIC (MVIIC), células-tronco mesenquimais da medula óssea (CTM-MO) e associação (MVIIC + CTM-MO). O grupo CN foi submetido à laminectomia sem trauma medular, e os grupos CP, MVIIC, CTM-MO e MVIIC + CTM-MO foram submetidos ao trauma medular contusivo. O grupo CP recebeu, uma hora após o TMA, 10µL de PBS estéril, e os grupos MVIIC e MVIIC + CTM-MO receberam 10µL de PBS contendo 20pmol da ω-conotoxina MVIIC, todos por via intratecal. Os grupos CTM-MO e MVIIC + CTM-MO receberam, 24 horas após, 1x106 de CTM via intravenosa. Avaliou-se a recuperação da função locomotora até o sétimo dia pós-trauma. Os animais tratados com MVIIC + CTM-MO obtiveram recuperação motora após o trauma medular agudo (P<0,05). Conclui-se que essa associação apresentou efeito neuroprotetor com melhora na função locomotora em ratos Wistar.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of isolated ω-conotoxin MVIIC and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and its association in rats submitted to acute spinal cord injury (SCI). Thirty Rattus norvegicus, Wistar strain, three-month-old rats were randomly distributed in five experimental groups with six animals: negative control (CN), positive control (CP), ω-conotoxin MVIIC (MVIIC), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (CTM-MO) and the association (MVIIC + CTM-MO). The CN group underwent laminectomy without spinal cord trauma, and groups CP, MVIIC, CTM-MO and MVIIC + CTM-MO were submitted to contusive spinal cord trauma. The CP group received 10µl of PBS one hour after SCI, and groups MVIIC and MVIIC + CTM-MO received 10µl of PBS containing 20pmol of ω-conotoxin MVIIC, both intrathecally. Groups CTM-MO and MVIIC + CTM-MO received 1x106 of MSCs intravenously 24 hours later. The recovery of locomotor function was evaluated up to seven days post-injury. The animals treated with MVIIC + CTM-MO obtained motor recovery after SCI (P<0.05). It is concluded that this association showed neuroprotective effect with improvements in locomotor function in Wistar rats.(AU)

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INTRODUÇÃO: Troca transcateter de valva aórtica (TAVR) é cada vez mais utilizada no tratamento da estenose aórtica (EA) senil. EA é comumente associada a hipertensão pulmonar (HP) e insuficiência tricúspide (IT). Nosso OBJETIVO foi avaliar o impacto tardio no curso da HP e IT. MÉTODOS: Pacientes submetidos a TAVR foram acompanhados quanto aos dados ecocardiográficos da HP e da IT por 24 meses. Todos os ecocardiogramas foram realizados em centro único. Foram divididos em grupos de acordo com IT e HP após 24 meses (pressão sistólica da artéria pulmonar = or < 45 mmHg) com follow-up de até 96 meses. Resultados clínicos e mortalidade foram comparados. RESULTADOS: 156 e 151 pacientes foram selecionados para acompanhamento da HP e da IT respectivamente. Média de follow-up foi de 42,23±17,53 meses e 42,60±17,67 meses para grupos de HP e IT. HP se reduziu após o TAVR (32,7% pre-TAVR vs. 20,5% pos-TAVR, p<0,001), mas não foi encontrada mudança significativa na IT (11,9% pre-TAVR vs. 10,6% pos-TAVR). Aumento de átrio esquerdo (AE) foi associado a manutenção de HP (p=0,002). Além disso, o aumento do diâmetro do AE (p=0,015) e EuroSCORE II elevado (p=0,041) foram correlacionados ao surgimento de nova HP. Na análise multivariada, surgimento de nova HP (HR 6,17, 95% CI 1,71­22,29,p=0,005), disfunção diastólica tipo II ou III (HR 1,06, 95% CI 1,06-1,11, p=0,036) e diâmetro de AE (HR 1,11, 95% CI 1,02­1,21, p=0,02) foram preditores independentes de mortalidade. CONCLUSÃO: TAVR foi capaz de reduzir a gravidade da HP, mas não da IT. Além disso, a sobrevida a longo prazo foi afetada pela HP, disfunção diastólica e tamanho do AE.

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INTRODUCTION: transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is increasingly utilized in treatment of aortic stenosis (AS). AS is commonly associated to pulmonary hypertension (PH) and tricuspid regurgitation (TR). We aimed to evaluate the long-term post-TAVR course of PH and TR. METHODS: Patients undergoing TAVR were screened for 24-month echocardiographic data on PH and TR. All echocardiograms were performed by a sing le team. Patients were divided in groups according to TR and PH (pulmonary systolic pressure ≥ or < 45 mmHg) grading at 24 months with follow-up of up to 96 months. Standardized clinical outcomes and survival were compared. RESULTS: 156 and 151 patients were se le cted for PH and TR follow-up, respectively. Mean follow-up was 42.23±17.53 months and 42.60±17.67 months for PH and TR groups. Maximum follow-up was 96 months. PH was reduced post-TAVR (32.7% pre-TAVR vs. 20.5% post-TAVR, p<0.001), but no significant difference in TR was found (11.9% pre-TAVR vs. 10.6% post-TAVR). Increased le ft atrial (LA) diameter (p = 0.002) was associated to maintenance PH. Moreover, increased LA diameter (p=0.015) and increased EuroSCORE II (p=0.041) were correlated to new onset PH. On a multivariab le Cox regression model, new onset PH (HR 6.17, 95% CI 1.71­22.29, p=0.005), diastolic dysfunction type II or III (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.06-1.11, p=0.036) and LA diameter (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.02­1.21, p=0.02) were independent predictors of long-term mortality. CONCLUSIONS: TAVR was ab le to reduce the severity of PH, but not TR, in this cohort. Additionally, long-term survival was affected by PH, diastolic dysfunction and LA sizing.

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BACKGROUND: It is known that exposure to either arsenic or hyperglycemia can induce male reproductive damages. However, their combined effects on male reproductive organs are still unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated morphological and functional parameters of the testis, epididymis, and spermatozoa in diabetic rats exposed to arsenate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diabetes was induced in male rats by intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection. While a set of healthy and diabetic animals received saline solution (negative control and diabetes control, respectively), the other set received 10 mg/L sodium arsenate (arsenic control and diabetes + arsenic groups, respectively) for 40 days in drinking water. Testosterone concentration, daily sperm production, sperm counts in the testis and epididymis, and sperm parameters were evaluated in the groups. Moreover, testis and epididymis were subjected to antioxidant enzymes analysis, micromineral determination, and histopathological evaluation. RESULTS: Arsenate exposure reduced serum testosterone concentration in healthy animals and worsened this reduction in diabetic rats. In addition, the number of spermatozoa in testis and epididymis tissues, as well as the daily sperm production, was decreased in these groups. Sperm parameters such as motility, morphology, and integrity of acrosomal and plasma membranes were impaired in health animals exposed to arsenate. The combination of diabetes and arsenate, in turn, increased only the percentage of spermatozoa with abnormal morphology. Moreover, the proportion of arsenic increased in the testis and epididymis of both groups receiving arsenate. Its bioaccumulation in these organs caused an imbalance in antioxidant enzymes activities and mineral content in healthy animals, enhancing these changes in diabetic rats. Testicular pathologies occurred mainly in animals co-exposed to diabetes and arsenate. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that arsenate exposure enhances several damages to male reproductive functions in diabetic rats, mainly by impairing testosterone levels and inducing nitrosative stress in testis and epididymis.

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Nas últimas décadas, foi possível observar grandes avanços tecnológicos no que se refere às novas técnicas de exames por meio de imagens, que se tornou um componente importante e imprescindível no processo de tomada de decisão frente ao diagnóstico de diversas alterações em pacientes veterinários. Tais exames, cada um com sua especificidade, requerem análise cuidadosa por parte do avaliador e, evidentemente, um bom período de treinamento com o propósito de se extrair o máximo de informação possível que o exame possa oferecer. Mesmo assim, costumam ocorrer situações que geram dúvidas e equívocos, resultando em erros de interpretação. São, na verdade, armadilhas resultantes das próprias limitações da técnica ou da produção dos chamados artefatos, capazes de gerar dúvidas e erros de interpretação, muitas vezes comprometendo a formulação do diagnóstico. Diante do exposto, procurou-se, com este estudo, chamar a atenção dos envolvidos com diagnóstico por imagem em veterinária quanto aos riscos de interpretação, em particular na radiologia e na ultrassonografia, duas técnicas distintas e amplamente usadas na medicina veterinária. Foram selecionadas imagens radiográficas e ultrassonográficas obtidas da rotina de atendimento a pequenos animais do Hospital Veterinário da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) que pudessem exemplificar as mais frequentes dúvidas no momento da interpretação e que poderiam induzir a erros.

In recent decades there have been many great technological advances. Im particular new imaging examination techiniques have becane, important and indispensable component the diagnostic decisiun making process for several alterations in veterinary patients. These examinations, require careful analysis by the examiner and, extensive. In order to extract as much information as possible fron the exam. Even so, situations that generate doubts and confusions occur often, resulting in errors of interpretation. These are, traps result from the limitations of the technique henselves or the production of artifacts, which are of creating doubts and errors of interpretation, this compromisi the diagnosis. In light of this, we sought to draw the attention of those involved in veterinary diagnostic imaging, regarding the risks of misinterpretation, with radiology and ultrasonography, two different techniques widely used in veterinary medicine. Radiographic and ultrasonographic images were obtained from routine small animal care at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais Veterinary School (UFMG). which demostrate the most frequent doubts during image interpretation and that could potentially induce erros were selected. Situations that could generateperceptual erros were observed. These errosrs could possibly be associated with cognitive erros.

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Nas últimas décadas, foi possível observar grandes avanços tecnológicos no que se refere às novas técnicas de exames por meio de imagens, que se tornou um componente importante e imprescindível no processo de tomada de decisão frente ao diagnóstico de diversas alterações em pacientes veterinários. Tais exames, cada um com sua especificidade, requerem análise cuidadosa por parte do avaliador e, evidentemente, um bom período de treinamento com o propósito de se extrair o máximo de informação possível que o exame possa oferecer. Mesmo assim, costumam ocorrer situações que geram dúvidas e equívocos, resultando em erros de interpretação. São, na verdade, armadilhas resultantes das próprias limitações da técnica ou da produção dos chamados artefatos, capazes de gerar dúvidas e erros de interpretação, muitas vezes comprometendo a formulação do diagnóstico. Diante do exposto, procurou-se, com este estudo, chamar a atenção dos envolvidos com diagnóstico por imagem em veterinária quanto aos riscos de interpretação, em particular na radiologia e na ultrassonografia, duas técnicas distintas e amplamente usadas na medicina veterinária. Foram selecionadas imagens radiográficas e ultrassonográficas obtidas da rotina de atendimento a pequenos animais do Hospital Veterinário da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) que pudessem exemplificar as mais frequentes dúvi

RESUMO

Nas últimas décadas, foi possível observar grandes avanços tecnológicos no que se refere às novas técnicas de exames por meio de imagens, que se tornou um componente importante e imprescindível no processo de tomada de decisão frente ao diagnóstico de diversas alterações em pacientes veterinários. Tais exames, cada um com sua especificidade, requerem análise cuidadosa por parte do avaliador e, evidentemente, um bom período de treinamento com o propósito de se extrair o máximo de informação possível que o exame possa oferecer. Mesmo assim, costumam ocorrer situações que geram dúvidas e equívocos, resultando em erros de interpretação. São, na verdade, armadilhas resultantes das próprias limitações da técnica ou da produção dos chamados artefatos, capazes de gerar dúvidas e erros de interpretação, muitas vezes comprometendo a formulação do diagnóstico. Diante do exposto, procurou-se, com este estudo, chamar a atenção dos envolvidos com diagnóstico por imagem em veterinária quanto aos riscos de interpretação, em particular na radiologia e na ultrassonografia, duas técnicas distintas e amplamente usadas na medicina veterinária. Foram selecionadas imagens radiográficas e ultrassonográficas obtidas da rotina de atendimento a pequenos animais do Hospital Veterinário da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) que pudessem exemplificar as mais frequentes dúvidas no momento da interpretação e que poderiam induzir a erros. (AU)

In recent decades there have been many great technological advances. Im particular new imaging examination techiniques have becane, important and indispensable component the diagnostic decisiun making process for several alterations in veterinary patients. These examinations, require careful analysis by the examiner and, extensive. In order to extract as much information as possible fron the exam. Even so, situations that generate doubts and confusions occur often, resulting in errors of interpretation. These are, traps result from the limitations of the technique henselves or the production of artifacts, which are of creating doubts and errors of interpretation, this compromisi the diagnosis. In light of this, we sought to draw the attention of those involved in veterinary diagnostic imaging, regarding the risks of misinterpretation, with radiology and ultrasonography, two different techniques widely used in veterinary medicine. Radiographic and ultrasonographic images were obtained from routine small animal care at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais Veterinary School (UFMG). which demostrate the most frequent doubts during image interpretation and that could potentially induce erros were selected. Situations that could generateperceptual erros were observed. These errosrs could possibly be associated with cognitive erros.(AU)

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