RESUMO
Four yeast isolates were obtained from rotting wood and galleries of passalid beetles collected in different sites of the Brazilian Amazonian Rainforest in Brazil. This yeast produces unconjugated allantoid asci each with a single elongated ascospore with curved ends. Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer-5.8 S region and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene showed that the isolates represent a novel species of the genus Spathaspora. The novel species is phylogenetically related to a subclade containing Spathaspora arborariae and Spathaspora suhii. Phylogenomic analysis based on 1884 single-copy orthologs for a set of Spathaspora species whose whole genome sequences are available confirmed that the novel species represented by strain UFMG-CM-Y285 is phylogenetically close to Sp. arborariae. The name Spathaspora marinasilvae sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate the novel species. The holotype of Sp. marinasilvae is CBS 13467 T (MycoBank 852799). The novel species was able to accumulate xylitol and produce ethanol from d-xylose, a trait of biotechnological interest common to several species of the genus Spathaspora.
Assuntos
Besouros , Filogenia , Floresta Úmida , Saccharomycetales , Madeira , Xilose , Animais , Madeira/microbiologia , Besouros/microbiologia , Brasil , Saccharomycetales/genética , Saccharomycetales/classificação , Saccharomycetales/isolamento & purificação , Saccharomycetales/metabolismo , Xilose/metabolismo , Fermentação , DNA Fúngico/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Three yeast isolate candidates for a novel species were obtained from rotting wood samples collected in Brazil and Colombia. The Brazilian isolate differs from the Colombian isolates by one nucleotide substitution in each of the D1/D2 and small subunit (SSU) sequences. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and translation elongation factor 1-α gene sequences of the three isolates were identical. A phylogenetic analysis showed that this novel species belongs to the genus Ogataea. This novel species is phylogenetically related to Candida nanaspora and Candida nitratophila. The novel species differs from C. nanaspora by seven nucleotides and two indels, and by 17 nucleotides and four indels from C. nitratophila in the D1/D2 sequences. The ITS sequences of these three species differ by more than 30 nucleotides. Analyses of the sequences of the SSU and translation elongation factor 1-α gene also showed that these isolates represent a novel species of the genus Ogataea. Different from most Ogataea species, these isolates did not assimilate methanol as the sole carbon source. The name Ogataea nonmethanolica sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate these isolates. The holotype of Ogataea nonmethanolica is CBS 13485T. The MycoBank number is MB 851195.
Assuntos
Fator 1 de Elongação de Peptídeos , Saccharomycetales , Fator 1 de Elongação de Peptídeos/genética , Brasil , Filogenia , Colômbia , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Madeira , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , DNA Fúngico/genética , Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica , Análise de Sequência de DNA , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Composição de Bases , Ácidos Graxos/química , Saccharomycetales/genética , NucleotídeosRESUMO
Three yeast isolates were obtained from soil and rotting wood samples collected in an Amazonian rainforest biome in Brazil. Comparison of the intergenic spacer 5.8S region and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene showed that the isolates represent a novel species of the genus Saccharomycopsis. A tree inferred from the D1/D2 sequences placed the novel species near a subclade containing Saccharomycopsis lassenensis, Saccharomycopsis fermentans, Saccharomycopsis javanensis, Saccharomycopsis babjevae, Saccharomycopsis schoenii and Saccharomycopsis oosterbeekiorum, but with low bootstrap support. In terms of sequence divergence, the novel species had the highest identity in the D1/D2 domains with Saccharomycopsis capsularis, from which it differed by 36 substitutions. In contrast, a phylogenomic analysis based on 1061 single-copy orthologs for a smaller set of Saccharomycopsis species whose whole genome sequences are available indicated that the novel species represented by strain UFMG-CM-Y6991 is phylogenetically closer to Saccharomycopsis fodiens and Saccharomycopsis sp. TF2021a (=Saccharomycopsis phalluae). The novel yeast is homothallic and produces asci with one spheroidal ascospore with an equatorial or subequatorial ledge. The name Saccharomycopsis praedatoria sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate the novel species. The holotype of Saccharomycopsis praedatoria is CBS 16589T. The MycoBank number is MB849369. S. praedatoria was able to kill cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by means of penetration with infection pegs, a trait common to most species of Saccharomycopsis.
Assuntos
Saccharomycetales , Saccharomycopsis , Madeira , Floresta Úmida , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Solo , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Composição de Bases , Ácidos Graxos/química , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , DNA Fúngico/genética , Técnicas de Tipagem MicológicaRESUMO
Sixteen yeast isolates representing two novel species of the genus Sugiyamaella were obtained from passalid beetles, their galleries and rotting wood collected in three sites of Amazonian Forest in Brazil. Sequence analyses of the ITS-5.8S region and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene showed that the first species, described here as Sugiyamaella amazoniana f. a., sp. nov. (holotype CBS 18112, MycoBank 847461) is phylogenetically related to S. bonitensis with these species differing by 37 nucleotide substitutions and six gaps in D1/D2 sequences. S. amazoniana is represented by nine isolates obtained from the guts of the passalid beetles Popilius marginatus, Veturius magdalenae, Veturius sinuosus and Spasalus aquinoi, a beetle gallery and rotting wood. The second species, Sugiyamaella bielyi f. a., sp. nov. (holotype CBS 18148, MycoBank 847463), is most phylogenetically related to several undescribed Sugiyamaella species. S. bielyi is described based on seven isolates obtained from the guts of V. magdalenae and V. sinuosus, a beetle gallery and rotting wood. Both species appear to be associated with passalid beetles and their ecological niches in Amazonian biome.
Assuntos
Besouros , Saccharomycetales , Animais , Madeira , Brasil , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , DNA Fúngico/genética , Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica , Composição de Bases , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Ácidos Graxos/química , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genéticaRESUMO
Four isolates of Spathaspora species were recovered from rotting wood collected in two Brazilian Amazonian biomes. The isolates produced unconjugated allantoid asci with a single elongated ascospore with curved ends. Sequence analysis of the ITS-5.8S region and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene showed that the isolates represent two different novel Spathaspora species, phylogenetically related to Sp. boniae. Two isolates were obtained from rotting wood collected in two different sites of the Amazonian forest in the state of Pará. The name Spathaspora brunopereirae sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate these isolates. The holotype of Spathaspora brunopereirae sp. nov. is CBS 16119T (MycoBank MB846672). The other two isolates were obtained from a region of transition between the Amazonian forest and the Cerrado ecosystem in the state of Tocantins. The name Spathaspora domphillipsii sp. nov. is proposed for this novel species. The holotype of Spathaspora domphillipsii sp. nov. is CBS 14229T (MycoBank MB846697). Both species are able to convert d-xylose into ethanol and xylitol, a trait with biotechnological applications.
Assuntos
Saccharomycetales , Xilose , Ecossistema , Análise de Sequência de DNA , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Filogenia , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Composição de Bases , Ácidos Graxos/química , Saccharomycetales/genética , Leveduras/genética , Florestas , Madeira , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genéticaRESUMO
This study investigated the diversity of yeast species associated with rotting wood in Brazilian Amazonian rainforests. A total of 569 yeast strains were isolated from rotting wood samples collected in three Amazonian areas (Universidade Federal do Amazonas-Universidade Federal do Amazonas [UFAM], Piquiá, and Carú) in the municipality of Itacoatiara, Amazon state. The samples were cultured in yeast nitrogen base (YNB)-d-xylose, YNB-xylan, and sugarcane bagasse and corncob hemicellulosic hydrolysates (undiluted and diluted 1:2 and 1:5). Sugiyamaella was the most prevalent genus identified in this work, followed by Kazachstania. The most frequently isolated yeast species were Schwanniomyces polymorphus, Scheffersomyces amazonensis, and Wickerhamomyces sp., respectively. The alpha diversity analyses showed that the dryland forest of UFAM was the most diverse area, while the floodplain forest of Carú was the least. Additionally, the difference in diversity between UFAM and Carú was the highest among the comparisons. Thirty candidates for new yeast species were obtained, representing 36% of the species identified and totaling 101 isolates. Among them were species belonging to the clades Spathaspora, Scheffersomyces, and Sugiyamaella, which are recognized as genera with natural xylose-fermenting yeasts that are often studied for biotechnological and ecological purposes. The results of this work showed that rotting wood collected from the Amazonian rainforest is a tremendous source of diverse yeasts, including candidates for new species.
Assuntos
Saccharum , Madeira , Celulose , Floresta Úmida , Brasil , Filogenia , LevedurasRESUMO
Hypertensive crisis (HC) stands out as a form of acute elevation of blood pressure (BP). It can manifest itself as hypertensive emergency (HE) or hypertensive urgency (HU), which is usually accompanied with levels of diastolic BP ≥120 mmHg. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism may influence manifestations of HC. Thus, this study evaluated the influence of ACE I/D polymorphism in individuals with HC. A total of 187 patients admitted with HC (HU [n=69] and HE [n=118]) and 75 normotensive individuals were included in the study. Peripheral blood was drawn for a biochemical and genetic analysis of the ACE I/D polymorphism by Polymerase Chain Reaction. HC group showed higher systolic BP, body mass index (BMI), glycemia, creatinine, and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol compared with normotensive individuals. The use of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers was more frequent in the HU group than in the HE group (p=0.020). The II genotype was more predominant in normotensive and HU individuals than among HE individuals (18.7%, 11.6%, and 2.5%, respectively; p=0.004). Higher BMI and glycemia were associated with HC in the logistic regression model. ACE II genotype (odds ratio [OR] 0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04-0.51) and HDL cholesterol were protective for the development of HE. ACE II genotype was present in the HU group, compared with the HE group (OR 0.18; 95% CI 0.04-0.88). This study shows an association between the low prevalence of ACE I/D polymorphism II genotype and a greater occurrence of HE in Brazilian individuals. The lower blockage of RAS, which was detected in the HE group, may interact with the low frequency of II genotype, conferring an increased risk for HE.
Assuntos
Hipertensão/genética , Mutação INDEL , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Idoso , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/farmacologia , Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacologia , Pressão Sanguínea/genética , Índice de Massa Corporal , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangue , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/metabolismo , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Introdução: A síndrome metabólica (SM) é associada com risco aumentado para eventos cardiovasculares. Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de SM em indivíduos brasileiros com acompanhamento cardiológico, considerando antecedentes pessoais e uso de medicamentos. Métodos: Foram estudados 163 adultos (85 pacientes e 78 controles). SM foi caracterizada de acordo com os critérios da International Diabetes Federation. Analisou-se história prévia de diabetes mellitus (DM), dislipidemia, doença arterial coronária (DAC), acidente vascular encefálico (AVE), tabagismo, etilismo, sedentarismo, além de medicamentos utilizados. Admitiu-se nível de significância P<0,05. Resultados: Maior frequência de SM (59%) e de pressão arterial elevada (71%) foi observada entre os pacientes se comparado aos controles (3% e 13%, respectivamente, P<0,0001 para ambos). No grupo dos pacientes detectou-se maior prevalência de níveis reduzidos de fração de colesterol de lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDLc: 41%) e de níveis aumentados de triglicérides (TG: 39%) quando comparados aos controles (17%, P=0,0010 e 19%, P=0,0095; respectivamente). A incidência de obesidade visceral foi semelhante em pacientes (77%) e controles (64%, P=0,0890). O uso contínuo de drogas anti-hipertensivas (67%), hipoglicemiantes (18%) e hipolipemiantes (42%) foi mais prevalente em pacientes comparado aos controles (P<0,0001). Uma maior proporção de pacientes com DM,DAC e dislipidemia foi observada (P<0,0010) e história pessoal de AVE foi detectada apenas nesses indivíduos(6%, P=0,0598). Entretanto, maior frequência de tabagismo (P=0,0015), alcoolismo (P=0,0070) e sedentarismo(P=0,0236) foi observada nos controles. Conclusão: Neste estudo SM, assim como particularmente pressão arterial elevada, nível baixo de HDLc e elevado de TG destacam-se em casuística brasileira com acompanhamento cardiológico, confirmando a necessidade de combate agressivo aos fatores de risco já consagrados...
Background: The metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with an increased risk of major cardiovascular events. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of MS in Brazilian individuals with cardiologic medical assistance, considering their personal history and use of drugs. Methods: One hundred sixty-three adults (85patients and 78 controls) were studied. MS was characterized using International Diabetes Federation definitions. History of diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, smoking,alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle, and habitual therapy were analyzed. Significance level was definedas P<0.05. Results: Higher frequency of MS (59%) and elevated blood pressure levels (71%) were observed among patients compared to controls (3% and 13%, respectively, P<0.0001 for both). In the group of patients were detected higher prevalence of reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol fractions (HDLc)(41%) and increased levels of triglycerides (TG: 39%) when compared to controls (17%, P=0.0010 and 19%,P=0.0095; respectively). The incidence of visceral obesity was similar in patients (77%) and controls (64%,P=0.0890). The habitual therapy with anti-hypertensive (67%), anti-hyperglycemic (18%) and lipid-lowering drugs (42%) was more prevalent in patients when compared to controls (P<0.0001). A higher rate of DM,CAD and dyslipidemia was observed in patients (P<0.0010) and personal history of stroke was detected only among these individuals (6%, p=0.0598). However, higher frequencies of smoking (P=0.0015), alcohol consumption (P=0.0070), and sedentary life style (P=0.0236) was observed among controls. Conclusions: In this study MS, particularly high blood pressure, low HDLc and high TG levels stand out in Brazilian subjects with cardiologic medical assistance, supporting the importance in order to combat the classic clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors. In addition, the expressive rate of visceral obesity...