RESUMO
There is no established treatment for patients with clozapine-resistant schizophrenia (CRS). Clozapine augmentation strategies with antipsychotics or others substances are effective in comparison with placebo while and Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) showed to be effective in comparison with treatment as usual (TAU) but not with placebo (sham-ECT). In the present double- blind randomized controlled trial, we compared 40 outpatients who received 20 sessions of ECT (n = 21) or sham-ECT (n = 19) (age = 37.40 ± 9.62, males = 77.5 %, illness duration = 14.95 ± 8.32 years, mean total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) = 101.10 ± 24.91) who fulfilled well-defined CRS criteria including baseline clozapine plasma levels ≥350 ng/mL. The primary outcome was the ≥50 % PANSS Total Score reduction; secondary outcomes were the scores of the PANSS subscales, PANSS five-factor dimensions, PANSS-6 and the Calgary Depression Rating Scale (CDRS). Treatment response was analyzed by percentage reduction, Linear Mixed Models and effect sizes. At baseline both groups showed no differences except for years of school education (included as a covariate). At endpoint, only 1/19 of the completers (5.26 %) in the ECT group and 0/17 in the sham-ECT group showed a ≥50 % total PANSS score reduction. Both groups showed no significant differences of the total PANSS score (F = 0.12; p = 0.73), Positive (F = 0.27, p = 0.61), Negative (F = 0.25, p = 0.62), and General Psychopathology scores (F = 0.01, p = 0.94) as well for all PANSS five factors, the PANSS-6 and CDRS. Thus, the present study found no evidence that ECT is better than Sham-ECT in patients with CRS. Future sham-ECT controlled studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to test the efficacy of ECT for patients with CRS.
Assuntos
Antipsicóticos , Clozapina , Eletroconvulsoterapia , Esquizofrenia Resistente ao Tratamento , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Eletroconvulsoterapia/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Clozapina/uso terapêutico , Clozapina/efeitos adversos , Método Duplo-Cego , Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esquizofrenia Resistente ao Tratamento/terapia , Esquizofrenia Resistente ao Tratamento/tratamento farmacológico , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Resultado do Tratamento , Esquizofrenia/terapia , Esquizofrenia/tratamento farmacológico , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de SaúdeRESUMO
A raça tropicalmente adaptada Curraleiro Pé Duro (CPD) possui grande rusticidade e capacidade de produção. A técnica de criopreservação de células somáticas permite estocar, por tempo indeterminado, o material genético. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a viabilidade de fibroblastos, pós-criopreservação, em protocolos diferentes. Foi utilizada uma biópsia auricular de um bovino CPD, que passou por antissepsia e anestesia local. Posteriormente o material foi processado e incubado para ser observado quanto à confluência e à morfologia. Em seguida, os fibroblastos foram criopreservados em três tratamentos (T1, T2 e T3). Após serem criopreservados, foram descongelados e analisados quanto à viabilidade celular, à capacidade de crescimento e à morfologia. Na análise de variância e das médias, foram comparados pelo teste de Tukey com significância de 5%. Não foram observadas, nos protocolos, diferenças estatísticas entre a viabilidade celular (T1 = 67,98%, T2 = 71,42% e T3 = 69,93%), a capacidade de confluência (T1 = 80%, T2 = 90%, T3 = 85%) ou a passagem de origem das células. A criopreservação de fibroblastos auriculares de bovinos CPD não mostrou diferença entre os três métodos, sugerindo até que o método que demanda equipamentos menos especializados (T1) é tão eficiente quanto os demais.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Criopreservação , FibroblastosRESUMO
Two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskites are emerging materials offering great synthetic versatility and remarkable features due to the tunability of their crystal structure. We present a novel strategy to provide magnetism in a 2D RP perovskite using histidine molecules as a spacer, which could induce charge rebalancing at the interface of the inorganic layer. We observe that the amide and imidazole groups are close to Pb ions. The interaction with the imidazole indicates that this functional group, possibly assisted by the carboxyl close to the vicinity of the amine terminal, is inducing charge rearrangement from Pb2+ to paramagnetic Pb3+ ions, resulting in a positive magnetic moment. This magnetized 2D hybrid perovskites can be classified as a novel class of promising materials showing a magnetic moment at their interface, which may result in intriguing physical properties due to a delicate balance between magnetism and a quantum well confinement effect in the inorganic layer.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate markers of cardiac damage (total CK, CKMB and CRP), inflammatory markers (free iron, homocysteine and TNF-α) as well as lipidogram in breast cancer patients undergoing acute cycles of doxorubicin (DOX), paclitaxel (PTX) or trastuzumab (TZ) and to verify if there is an association between these markers and the toxicity of the chemotherapeutic treatment. Methods: Included in the study were 120 breast cancer patients and 50 healthy controls. All analyzes were performed on automated systems. For the statistical analysis, each group was compared with the controls according to their normality by Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney test. Results: Our results showed that DOX treatment led to increased hsCRP (4.80 ± 1.23 mg/dL, p = 0.0005), triglycerides (187.6 ± 25.06, p = 0.0231), TNF-α (42.31 ± 17.96 pg/mL, p = 0.01) and Fe levels (138.8 ± 18.6 µg/dL, p = 0.0193). In the meantime, PTX induced changes in CK-MB (8.78 ± 4.2 U/L, p = 0.0361), hsCRP (7.12 ± 1.87 mg/dL, p = 0.0006), cholesterol (201.7 ± 19.54, p = 0.05), triglycerides (201.7 ± 19.54, p = 0.0277), TNF-α (38.27 ± 9.12 pg/mL, p = 0.023), homocysteine (10.95 ± 0, 86 µmol/L, p = 0.005), and free iron (113 ± 18 6 µg/dL, p = 0.045) while TZ augmented CK-MB (6.9 ± 1.97 U/L, p < 0.00), hsPCR (3.12 ± 0.68 mg/dL, p = 0.095), cholesterol (218.3 ± 16.79, p = 0.0317), triglycerides (218.3 ± 16.79, p = 0.0127), TNF-α (89.6 ± 12.11, p = 0.032), homocysteine (9.95 ± 1.15 µmol/L, p = 0.0396), free iron (120.5 ± 4.64 µg/dl, p = 0.0058) as well. Conclusions: Our data demonstrated the existence of a proinflammatory net triggered by breast cancer chemotherapy that could increase cardiomyocytes permeability and allow the leakage of circulating proteins as CK-MB and induce the production of hsCRP.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Cardiopatias/induzido quimicamente , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores , Doxorrubicina/efeitos adversos , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paclitaxel/efeitos adversos , Paclitaxel/farmacologia , Paclitaxel/uso terapêutico , Trastuzumab/efeitos adversos , Trastuzumab/farmacologiaRESUMO
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a recuperação de espermatozoides epididimários de cães castrados, utilizando as técnicas de fluxo retrógrado (FR) e flutuação (FL) em diluidor Tris-gema, antes e após a criopreservação. Foram coletados 30 complexos testículo-epididímos (CTE), sendo 15 para FR e 15 para FL, e, logo após a recuperação dos espermatozoides, foram analisadas as alterações morfológicas nessas células espermáticas. Após a adição do diluidor, foram avaliados os parâmetros de motilidade total (MOT) e vigor (V) espermáticos. O sêmen pós-criopreservado foi submetido ao teste de termorresistência nos tempos T0, T30, T60 e T90 minutos, além da avaliação das membranas plasmática e acrossomal por sondas fluorescentes. Não houve diferença estatística entre as técnicas quanto à MOT e ao vigor no sêmen diluído (FR-MOT: 82,3% e V: 3,4; FL-MOT: 79,6% e V: 3,2) e pós-criopreservado (FR-MOT: 34% e V: 2,8; FL-MOT: 30% e V: 2,7). A partir do T30, houve diferença significativa quanto à MOT e ao vigor nas técnicas utilizadas, e o tempo também prejudicou o acrossoma espermático a partir do T30. Conclui-se que as técnicas de recuperação de espermatozoides epididimários de cães castrados, testadas neste trabalho, podem ser utilizadas para refrigeração e criopreservação de sêmen.(AU)
The objective of this work was to evaluate the recovery of epididymal spermatozoa from castrated dogs using retrograde flow (FL) and flotation (FL) techniques in Tris-egg yolk diluent, before and after cryopreservation. Thirty testicle-epididymal complexes (CTE) were collected, 15 for FR and 15 for FL and soon after spermatozoid recovery, morphological changes in these spermatic cells were analyzed. After addition of the diluent, the parameters of total motility (MOT) and vigor (V) were evaluated. The post-cryopreserved semen was submitted to thermoresistance (TTR) test at T0, T30, T60 and T90 minutes, as well as the plasma and acrosomal membrane evaluation by fluorescent probes. There was no statistically significant difference between techniques tested for MOT and vigor in the diluted semen (FR-MOT: 82.3% and V: 3.4, FL-MOT: 79.6% and V: 3.2) and post-cryopreserved (FR-MOT: 34% and V: 2.8, FL-MOT: 30% and V: 2.7). From the T30 there was a significant difference regarding MOT and vigor in the used techniques, and the time also damaged the spermatic acrosome from the T30. It is concluded that the epididymal spermatozoa recovering techniques from castrated dogs, tested in this study, can be used for semen refrigeration and cryopreservation.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Cães , Epididimo/fisiologia , Recuperação Espermática/veterinária , Análise do Sêmen/veterinária , Orquiectomia/veterinária , Criopreservação/veterináriaRESUMO
Our objective was to find a mean flow velocity (MFV) cut-off point to differentiate between normal and cognitive impaired patients using Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) as a comparison method. To evaluate MFV (in cm/s) and pulsatility index (PI) from the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) and basilar artery using transcranial Doppler in a pilot study from an outpatient cognition unit and compare with cognitively normal older adults (at the age of sixty or older) from the Geriatric Ambulatory of Fluminense Federal University. We hypothesized that there is a MFV and PI cut-off point to potentially distinguish between normal and impaired cognition. Sixty-one patients with cognitive decline, including 18 with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), 31 with probable Alzheimer disease (AD), 12 with vascular dementia (VD), and 10 cognitively normal older adults were included in the study. Patients with dementia (both AD and VD, p < 0.01) and aMCI (p < 0.05) had lower MFV than the control group in the MCA (32.2 cm/s, 31.9 cm/s, and 36.6 cm/s, respectively) and dementia patients had higher PI compared to control (AD and VD, both p < 0.05). Basilar MFV showed to be no difference between the patients and the control group. A cut off value of 39.1 cm/s was found in a ROC curve (area under de curve value 0.85, 95% CI 0.75-0.95) for mean MCA MFV to be predictive of cognitive impairment (CDR ≥ 0.5). In this study, the values of MCA MFV below 39.1 cm/s were predictive of cognitive impairment according to CDR. TCD is an inexpensive method that could be used in a clinical scenario to help differentiate normal cognition from cognitive decline. Multicentric and longitudinal studies should be done to validate that.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Ultrassonografia Doppler Transcraniana , Idoso , Biomarcadores , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo , Humanos , Projetos PilotoRESUMO
Técnicas de coleta de espermatozoides epididimários são utilizadas em diversas espécies animais, sendo ferramentas de biotecnologias importantes aplicadas em casos de animais que precisam ser castrados ou que vieram a óbito. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a cinética de espermatozoides criopreservados de cães obtidos por meio de técnicas de recuperação epididimária. Foram coletados 30 complexos testículo-epidídimos (CTE) de cães saudáveis, sendo que cada CTE de determinado animal foi destinado para cada técnica utilizada, 15 direcionados para a técnica de recuperação de espermatozoides epididimários por fluxo retrógrado (FR) e 15 por flutuação (FL). Os CTE foram acondicionados em sacos plásticos identificados, contendo solução salina e levados ao Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução Animal da Universidade Federal do Piauí (LBRA/UFPI) para a realização da diluição e criopreservação espermática após a recuperação epididimária. A congelação foi realizada por meio de uma rampa manual, com as amostras refrigeradas a 5 °C, mantidas em vapor de nitrogênio por 5 minutos e, posteriormente, colocadas no botijão. A análise computadorizada do sêmen (CASA) nas amostras descongeladas foi realizada na Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), sendo avaliados dez parâmetros seminais. Foi empregada a análise de variância, aplicando o teste de Tukey. Nessas amostras, houve diferença significativa quanto à motilidade progressiva entre as técnicas testadas e a motilidade total apresentou valores superiores a 30%, não havendo influência das técnicas nos demais parâmetros seminais. Concluise que a cinética de espermatozoides de cães obtidos por recuperação epididimária avaliados pelo CASA apresentou resultados satisfatórios após a criopreservação.
Epididymal sperm collection techniques are used in several animal species and are important biotechnology tools applied to animals that needed to be castrated or that died. The objective of this study was to evaluate the kinetics of cryopreserved dog sperm obtained by epididymal recovery techniques. Thirty testicular-epididymal complexes (CTE) were collected from healthy dogs, with each CTE of a given animal being assigned to each technique used, 15 of them directed to the retrograde flow epididymal sperm recovery technique and 15 by fluctuation technique. The CTE were placed in identified plastic bags, containing saline solution and taken to the Animal Reproduction Biotechnology Laboratory of the Federal University of Piauí (LBRA/UFPI) for sperm dilution and cryopreservation after epididymal recovery. The freezing was carried out using a manual ramp, with the samples refrigerated at 5 °C, maintained in nitrogen vapor exposition five minutes and, later, placed in the container. Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) was performed in the thawed samples at the State University of Ceará (UECE) and ten seminal parameters were evaluated. Analysis of variance was applied by the Tukey test. In thawed samples, there was a significant difference in progressive motility between the tested techniques and total motility presented values greater than 30%, with no influence of the recovery technique on remaining parameters. It was concluded that the sperm kinetics of dogs obtained by epididymal recovery evaluated by CASA presented satisfactory results after cryopreservation.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Biotecnologia , Criopreservação/veterinária , Cães , Epididimo , Motilidade dos EspermatozoidesRESUMO
Técnicas de coleta de espermatozoides epididimários são utilizadas em diversas espécies animais, sendo ferramentas de biotecnologias importantes aplicadas em casos de animais que precisam ser castrados ou que vieram a óbito. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a cinética de espermatozoides criopreservados de cães obtidos por meio de técnicas de recuperação epididimária. Foram coletados 30 complexos testículo-epidídimos (CTE) de cães saudáveis, sendo que cada CTE de determinado animal foi destinado para cada técnica utilizada, 15 direcionados para a técnica de recuperação de espermatozoides epididimários por fluxo retrógrado (FR) e 15 por flutuação (FL). Os CTE foram acondicionados em sacos plásticos identificados, contendo solução salina e levados ao Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução Animal da Universidade Federal do Piauí (LBRA/UFPI) para a realização da diluição e criopreservação espermática após a recuperação epididimária. A congelação foi realizada por meio de uma rampa manual, com as amostras refrigeradas a 5 °C, mantidas em vapor de nitrogênio por 5 minutos e, posteriormente, colocadas no botijão. A análise computadorizada do sêmen (CASA) nas amostras descongeladas foi realizada na Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), sendo avaliados dez parâmetros seminais. Foi empregada a análise de variância, aplicando o teste de Tukey. Nessas amostras, houve diferença significativa quanto à motilidade progressiva entre as técnicas testadas e a motilidade total apresentou valores superiores a 30%, não havendo influência das técnicas nos demais parâmetros seminais. Concluise que a cinética de espermatozoides de cães obtidos por recuperação epididimária avaliados pelo CASA apresentou resultados satisfatórios após a criopreservação.(AU)
Epididymal sperm collection techniques are used in several animal species and are important biotechnology tools applied to animals that needed to be castrated or that died. The objective of this study was to evaluate the kinetics of cryopreserved dog sperm obtained by epididymal recovery techniques. Thirty testicular-epididymal complexes (CTE) were collected from healthy dogs, with each CTE of a given animal being assigned to each technique used, 15 of them directed to the retrograde flow epididymal sperm recovery technique and 15 by fluctuation technique. The CTE were placed in identified plastic bags, containing saline solution and taken to the Animal Reproduction Biotechnology Laboratory of the Federal University of Piauí (LBRA/UFPI) for sperm dilution and cryopreservation after epididymal recovery. The freezing was carried out using a manual ramp, with the samples refrigerated at 5 °C, maintained in nitrogen vapor exposition five minutes and, later, placed in the container. Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) was performed in the thawed samples at the State University of Ceará (UECE) and ten seminal parameters were evaluated. Analysis of variance was applied by the Tukey test. In thawed samples, there was a significant difference in progressive motility between the tested techniques and total motility presented values greater than 30%, with no influence of the recovery technique on remaining parameters. It was concluded that the sperm kinetics of dogs obtained by epididymal recovery evaluated by CASA presented satisfactory results after cryopreservation.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Cães , Criopreservação/veterinária , Epididimo , Biotecnologia , Motilidade dos EspermatozoidesRESUMO
Vitamin E (vit. E) and vitamin C (vit. C) are antioxidants that inhibit nociception. The effect of these vitamins on oxidative-stress markers in the spinal cord of rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve is unknown. This study investigated the effect of intraperitoneal administration of vit. E (15 mg·kg-1·day-1) and vit. C (30 mg·kg-1·day-1), given alone or in combination, on spinal cord oxidative-stress markers in CCI rats. Adult male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were divided equally into the following groups: Naive (rats did not undergo surgical manipulation); Sham (rats in which all surgical procedures involved in CCI were used except the ligature), and CCI (rats in which four ligatures were tied loosely around the right common sciatic nerve), which received injections of vitamins or vehicle (saline containing 1% Tween 80) for 3 or 10 days (n=6/each group). The vitamins prevented the reduction in total thiol content and the increase in superoxide-anion generation that were found in vehicle-treated CCI rats. While nitric-oxide metabolites increased in vehicle-treated CCI rats 3 days after surgery, these metabolites did not show significant changes in vitamin-treated CCI rats. In all rats, total antioxidant capacity and hydrogen-peroxide levels did not change significantly. Lipid hydroperoxides increased 25% only in vehicle-treated CCI rats. These changes may contribute to vit. C- and vit. E-induced antinociception, because scavenging reactive oxygen species seems to help normalize the spinal cord oxidative status altered by pain.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapêutico , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Neuropatia Ciática/tratamento farmacológico , Medula Espinal/efeitos dos fármacos , alfa-Tocoferol/uso terapêutico , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Masculino , Medição da Dor , Limiar da Dor/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Neuropatia Ciática/metabolismo , Medula Espinal/metabolismoRESUMO
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibits nociceptive transmission. This effect has been associated partly with its antioxidant properties. However, the effect of NAC on the levels of lipid hydroperoxides (a pro-oxidant marker), content of ascorbic acid (a key antioxidant molecule of nervous tissue) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is unknown. Thus, our study assessed these parameters in the lumbosacral spinal cord of rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve, one of the most commonly employed animal models of neuropathic pain. Thirty-six male Wistar rats weighing 200-300 g were equally divided into the following groups: Naive (rats did not undergo surgical manipulation); Sham (rats in which all surgical procedures involved in CCI were used except the ligature), and CCI (rats in which four ligatures were tied loosely around the right common sciatic nerve). All rats received intraperitoneal injections of NAC (150 mg·kg-1·day-1) or saline for 1, 3, or 7 days. Rats were killed 1, 3, and 7 days after surgery. NAC treatment prevented the CCI-induced increase in lipid hydroperoxide levels only at day 1, although the amount was higher than that found in naive rats. NAC treatment also prevented the CCI-induced increase in ascorbic acid content, which occurred at days 1, 3, and 7. No significant change was found in TAC with NAC treatment. The changes observed here may be related to the antinociceptive effect of NAC because modulation of oxidative-stress parameters seemed to help normalize the spinal cord oxidative status altered by pain.