RESUMO
As enfermidades articulares são uma das principais causas de dor e consequente claudicação em equinos. No exame físico do aparelho locomotor é possível constatar a presença de determinados sinais que nos alertam para possíveis alterações na articulação fêmoro-tíbio-patelar. Entre os métodos auxiliares de diagnóstico mais utilizados destacam-se o Raio-X (Rx) e ultrassom (US), que são essenciais para chegar ao diagnóstico. Sendo assim, o objetivo desse relato é descrever os achados clínicos, radiográficos, ultrassonográficos e hemodinâmico do caso de umequino macho, 9 anos de idade, que apresentava aumento de volume há 3 anos no membro pélvico esquerdo na região da articulação fêmoro-tíbio-patelar. Com base exames físicos, no Raio-x e no exame ultrassonográfico ficou demostrado que o animal apresentava, abcesso periarticular e degeneração patelar, quando no ultrassom observou-se pontos sugestivos de fibrina e abcessos, além de presença de desmite no ligamento patelar intermédio e no raio x presença de reação periosteal, áreas de osteólise, remodelamento ósseo. Conclui-se que o exame ultrassonográfico e radiográfico são de grande valia no diagnóstico e prognóstico do paciente com abcessos periarticular.
Joint diseases are one of the main causes of pain and consequent claudication in horses. In the physical exam of the locomotor apparatus it is possible to verify the presence of certain signs that alert us to possible changes in the femoro-tibial-patellar joint. Among the most commonly used diagnostic tools, X-ray (Rx) and ultrasound (US) are essential for diagnosis. Therefore, the objective of this report is to describe the clinical, radiographic, sonographic and hemodynamic findings of a 9-year-old male equine that presented volume increase 3 years ago in the left pelvic limb in the region of the femoro-tibio-patellar On the basis of physical examinations, the X-ray and ultrasonographic examination showed that the animal had periarticular abscess and patellar degeneration, when fibrin and abscess points were observed on the ultrasound, in addition to presence of intermediate patellar ligament x-ray presence of periosteal reaction, areas of osteolysis, bone remodeling. It is concluded that the ultrasound and radiographic examination are of great value in the diagnosis and prognosis of the patient with periarticular abscesses.
Las enfermedades articulares son una de las principales causas de dolor y consecuente claudicación en equinos. En el examen físico del aparato locomotor es posible constatar la presencia de ciertas señales que nos advierten para posibles cambios en la articulación fémoro-tibio-patelar. Entre los métodos auxiliares de diagnóstico más utilizados se destacan el radio-X (Rx) y el ultrasonido (US), que son esenciales para llegar al diagnóstico. Siendo así, el objetivo de este relato es describir los hallazgos clínicos, radiográficos, ultrasonográficos y hemodinámicos del caso de un equino macho, de 9 anos de edad, que presentaba un aumento de volumen hace 3 anos en el miembro pélvico izquierdo en la región de articulación fémoro-tibio-patelar. Con base en exámenes físicos, en el radio-x y en el examen ultrasonográfico se ha demostradoque el animal presentaba, absceso periarticular y degeneración patelar, cuando en el ultrasonido se observaron puntos sugestivos de fibrina y abscesos, además de presencia de desmitimiento en elligamento patelar intermedio y en el radio x presencia de reacción periosteal, áreas de osteolisis, remodelación ósea. Se concluye que el examen ultrasonográfico y radiográfico son de gran valor en el diagnóstico y pronóstico del paciente con abscesos periarticular.
Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Abscesso/veterinária , Articulação do Joelho/fisiopatologia , Cavalos/lesões , Claudicação Intermitente/veterinária , Diagnóstico por Imagem/veterinária , Patela/lesõesRESUMO
As enfermidades articulares são uma das principais causas de dor e consequente claudicação em equinos. No exame físico do aparelho locomotor é possível constatar a presença de determinados sinais que nos alertam para possíveis alterações na articulação fêmoro-tíbio-patelar. Entre os métodos auxiliares de diagnóstico mais utilizados destacam-se o Raio-X (Rx) e ultrassom (US), que são essenciais para chegar ao diagnóstico. Sendo assim, o objetivo desse relato é descrever os achados clínicos, radiográficos, ultrassonográficos e hemodinâmico do caso de umequino macho, 9 anos de idade, que apresentava aumento de volume há 3 anos no membro pélvico esquerdo na região da articulação fêmoro-tíbio-patelar. Com base exames físicos, no Raio-x e no exame ultrassonográfico ficou demostrado que o animal apresentava, abcesso periarticular e degeneração patelar, quando no ultrassom observou-se pontos sugestivos de fibrina e abcessos, além de presença de desmite no ligamento patelar intermédio e no raio x presença de reação periosteal, áreas de osteólise, remodelamento ósseo. Conclui-se que o exame ultrassonográfico e radiográfico são de grande valia no diagnóstico e prognóstico do paciente com abcessos periarticular.(AU)
Joint diseases are one of the main causes of pain and consequent claudication in horses. In the physical exam of the locomotor apparatus it is possible to verify the presence of certain signs that alert us to possible changes in the femoro-tibial-patellar joint. Among the most commonly used diagnostic tools, X-ray (Rx) and ultrasound (US) are essential for diagnosis. Therefore, the objective of this report is to describe the clinical, radiographic, sonographic and hemodynamic findings of a 9-year-old male equine that presented volume increase 3 years ago in the left pelvic limb in the region of the femoro-tibio-patellar On the basis of physical examinations, the X-ray and ultrasonographic examination showed that the animal had periarticular abscess and patellar degeneration, when fibrin and abscess points were observed on the ultrasound, in addition to presence of intermediate patellar ligament x-ray presence of periosteal reaction, areas of osteolysis, bone remodeling. It is concluded that the ultrasound and radiographic examination are of great value in the diagnosis and prognosis of the patient with periarticular abscesses.(AU)
Las enfermedades articulares son una de las principales causas de dolor y consecuente claudicación en equinos. En el examen físico del aparato locomotor es posible constatar la presencia de ciertas señales que nos advierten para posibles cambios en la articulación fémoro-tibio-patelar. Entre los métodos auxiliares de diagnóstico más utilizados se destacan el radio-X (Rx) y el ultrasonido (US), que son esenciales para llegar al diagnóstico. Siendo así, el objetivo de este relato es describir los hallazgos clínicos, radiográficos, ultrasonográficos y hemodinámicos del caso de un equino macho, de 9 anos de edad, que presentaba un aumento de volumen hace 3 anos en el miembro pélvico izquierdo en la región de articulación fémoro-tibio-patelar. Con base en exámenes físicos, en el radio-x y en el examen ultrasonográfico se ha demostradoque el animal presentaba, absceso periarticular y degeneración patelar, cuando en el ultrasonido se observaron puntos sugestivos de fibrina y abscesos, además de presencia de desmitimiento en elligamento patelar intermedio y en el radio x presencia de reacción periosteal, áreas de osteolisis, remodelación ósea. Se concluye que el examen ultrasonográfico y radiográfico son de gran valor en el diagnóstico y pronóstico del paciente con abscesos periarticular.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Articulação do Joelho/fisiopatologia , Cavalos/lesões , Abscesso/veterinária , Patela/lesões , Claudicação Intermitente/veterinária , Diagnóstico por Imagem/veterináriaRESUMO
The photocatalytic degradation of textile effluent was investigated using TiO2, ZnO, and Nb2O5 catalysts under solar irradiation. The procedures were carried out at ambient conditions in April 2014, with pH 3.0 and catalyst concentration of 0.250 g L-1. The photocatalytic activity of the oxides was evaluated by means of kinetic efficiency (rate constant and half-life time), chemical oxygen demand reduction, and absorbance reduction at 228, 254, 284, 310, 350, 500, and 660 nm (λmáx). Mineralization in terms of the formation of inorganic ions and toxicity reduction using bioassays with Artemia salina were performed. TiO2 reduced the absorbance at 660 nm (λmax) after 300 min of solar irradiation around 94 and 93%; and 68 and 60% of COD, respectively. ZnO showed lower photocatalytic activity giving 64 and 42% of absorbance and COD reduction, respectively. The photocatalytic activity of Nb2O5 was very close to TiO2-P25. In this sense, Nb2O5 becomes a promising alternative to replace the commercial TiO2-P25. Bioassays confirmed the efficacy of treatment, increasing the lethal concentration of 27.59 (in natura) to 131.95% in the presence of Nb2O5.
Assuntos
Titânio/efeitos da radiação , Poluentes Químicos da Água/efeitos da radiação , Catálise , Nióbio , Óxidos , TêxteisRESUMO
This study reports on the investigation of the photodegradation of biodiesel (B100) in contact with water using TiO2/H2O2. The TiO2 was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), pH point of zero charge (pHpzc) and textural analysis. The results of the experiments were fitted to a quadratic polynomial model developed using response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the parameters. Using the three factors, three levels, and the Box-Behnken design of experiment technique, 15 sets of experiments were designed considering the effective ranges of the influential parameters. The responses of those parameters were optimized using computational techniques. After 24h of irradiation under an Hg vapor lamp, removal of 22.0% of the oils and greases (OG) and a 33.54% reduction in the total of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) concentration was observed in the aqueous phase, as determined using gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection (GC/FID). The estimate of FAMEs undergo base-catalyzed hydrolysis is at least 3years (1095days) and after photocatalytic treatment using TiO2/H2O2, it was reduced to 33.54% of FAMEs in only 1day.
RESUMO
Rabdomiólise é uma condição aguda com lesão muscular esquelética e liberação de toxinas produzidas pelos miócitos. A apresentação clínica é variada (desde elevações assintomáticas de marcadores de injúria muscular, com a creatina fosfoquinase (CPK), até distúrbios hidroeletrolíticos graves com ou sem insuficiência renal aguda. As etiologias envolvem desde medicamentos como atividades físicas extenuantes. O diagnóstico é clínico-laboratorial, chamando a atenção para níveis aumentados de enzimas musculares, especialmente a reatinofosfoquinase. A principal complicação clínica é a insuficiência renal aguda e o diagnóstico precoce é fundamental para a instituição de medidas terapêuticas eficazes. Relatamos o caso de um paciente jovem, com rabdomiólisepós exercício físico (musculação), com altos índices de reatinofosfoquinase (239.000U/L), sem evolução para insuficiência renal aguda (IRA), contrariamente ao esperado pelos valores isolados de reatinofosfoquinase.
Rhabdomyolysis is a acute condition with muscle injury and liberation of toxins produced by myocytes. The clinical presentation is wide (from asymptomatic elevations in laboratorial markers of muscle injury, like creatine kinase (CK), to severe electrolyte disturbances with or without acute renal failure). The etiologies involve from medications to strenuous physical activity. The diagnosis is clinical and laboratorial, which have attention to the increased levels of muscle enzymes, especially the CPK. The main clinical complication is acute renal failure and early diagnosis is critical for the establishment of effective therapeutic measures. We report the case of a young patient with rhabdomyolysis after exercise (weightlifting), with high levels of CPK (239.000U/L) without denvelopment to acute renal failure (ARF), contrary to the expected with isolated values of CPK only.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Injúria Renal Aguda/prevenção & controle , Rabdomiólise/diagnóstico , Rabdomiólise/terapia , Mialgia , Esforço FísicoRESUMO
The goal of this study was to investigate the activity of the coagulant extracted from the cactus Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) in the process of coagulation/flocculation of textile effluents. Preliminary tests of a kaolinite suspension achieved maximum turbidity removal of 95 % using an NaCl extraction solution. Optimization assays were conducted with actual effluents using the response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken experimental design. The responses of the variables FeCl3, dosage, cactus dosage, and pH in the removal of COD and turbidity from both effluents were investigated. The optimum conditions determined for jeans washing laundry effluent were the following: FeCl3 160 mg L(-1), cactus dosage 2.60 mg L(-1), and pH 5.0. For the fabric dyeing effluent, the optimum conditions were the following: FeCl3 640 mg L(-1), cactus dosage 160 mg L(-1), and pH 6.0. Investigation of the effects of the storage time and temperature of the cactus O. ficus-indica showed that coagulation efficiency was not significantly affected for storage at room temperature for up to 4 days.
Assuntos
Resíduos Industriais/análise , Opuntia/química , Têxteis , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Coagulantes/química , Monitoramento Ambiental , Floculação , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Purificação da Água/métodosRESUMO
Leaf area index (LAI) is a key driver of forest productivity and evapotranspiration; however, it is a difficult and labor-intensive variable to measure, making its measurement impractical for large-scale and long-term studies of tropical forest structure and function. In contrast, satellite estimates of LAI have shown promise for large-scale and long-term studies, but their performance has been equivocal and the biases are not well known. We measured total, overstory, and understory LAI of an Amazon-savanna transitional forest (ASTF) over 3 years and a seasonal flooded forest (SFF) during 4 years using a light extinction method and two remote sensing methods (LAI MODIS product and the Landsat-METRIC method), with the objectives of (1) evaluating the performance of the remote sensing methods, and (2) understanding how total, overstory and understory LAI interact with micrometeorological variables. Total, overstory and understory LAI differed between both sites, with ASTF having higher LAI values than SFF, but neither site exhibited year-to-year variation in LAI despite large differences in meteorological variables. LAI values at the two sites have different patterns of correlation with micrometeorological variables. ASTF exhibited smaller seasonal variations in LAI than SFF. In contrast, SFF exhibited small changes in total LAI; however, dry season declines in overstory LAI were counteracted by understory increases in LAI. MODIS LAI correlated weakly to total LAI for SFF but not for ASTF, while METRIC LAI had no correlation to total LAI. However, MODIS LAI correlated strongly with overstory LAI for both sites, but had no correlation with understory LAI. Furthermore, LAI estimates based on canopy light extinction were correlated positively with seasonal variations in rainfall and soil water content and negatively with vapor pressure deficit and solar radiation; however, in some cases satellite-derived estimates of LAI exhibited no correlation with climate variables (METRIC LAI or MODIS LAI for ASTF). These data indicate that the satellite-derived estimates of LAI are insensitive to the understory variations in LAI that occur in many seasonal tropical forests and the micrometeorological variables that control seasonal variations in leaf phenology. While more ground-based measurements are needed to adequately quantify the performance of these satellite-based LAI products, our data indicate that their output must be interpreted with caution in seasonal tropical forests.
Assuntos
Florestas , Folhas de Planta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Tecnologia de Sensoriamento Remoto/métodos , Brasil , Inundações , Modelos Teóricos , Estações do Ano , Tempo (Meteorologia)RESUMO
Textile industry wastes raise a great concern due to their strong coloration and toxicity. The objective of the present work was to characterize the degradation and mineralization of textile effluents by advanced oxidative processes using either TiO(2) or TiO(2)/H(2)O(2) and to monitor the toxicity of the products formed during 6-h irradiation in relation to that of the in natura effluent. The results demonstrated that the TiO(2)/H(2)O(2) association was more efficient in the mineralization of textile effluents than TiO(2), with high mineralized ion concentrations (NH (4) (+) , NO (3) (-) , and SO (4) (2-) ) and significantly decreased organic matter ratios (represented by the chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon). The toxicity of the degradation products after 4-h irradiation to Artemia salina L. was not significant (below 10 %). However, the TiO(2)/H(2)O(2) association produced more toxicity under irradiation than the TiO(2) system, which was attributed to the increased presence of oxidants in the first group. Comparatively, the photogenerated products of both TiO(2) and the TiO(2)/H(2)O(2) association were less toxic than the in natura effluent.
Assuntos
Resíduos Industriais , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Purificação da Água/métodos , Animais , Artemia , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/química , Oxidantes Fotoquímicos/química , Processos Fotoquímicos , Indústria Têxtil , Titânio/química , Testes de Toxicidade , Raios Ultravioleta , Poluentes Químicos da Água/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Clotrimazole is an azole derivative with promising anti-cancer effects. This drug interferes with the activity of glycolytic enzymes altering their cellular distribution and inhibiting their activities. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of clotrimazole on the growth pattern of breast cancer cells correlating with their metabolic profiles. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Three cell lines derived from human breast tissue (MCF10A, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) that present increasingly aggressive profiles were used. Clotrimazole induces a dose-dependent decrease in glucose uptake in all three cell lines, with K(i) values of 114.3±11.7, 77.1±7.8 and 37.8±4.2 µM for MCF10A, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, respectively. Furthermore, the drug also decreases intracellular ATP content and inhibits the major glycolytic enzymes, hexokinase, phosphofructokinase-1 and pyruvate kinase, especially in the highly metastatic cell line, MDA-MB-231. In this last cell lineage, clotrimazole attenuates the robust migratory response, an effect that is progressively attenuated in MCF-7 and MCF10A, respectively. Moreover, clotrimazole reduces the viability of breast cancer cells, which is more pronounced on MDA-MB-231. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Clotrimazole presents deleterious effects on two human breast cancer cell lines metabolism, growth and migration, where the most aggressive cell line is more affected by the drug. Moreover, clotrimazole presents little or no effect on a non-tumor human breast cell line. These results suggest, at least for these three cell lines studied, that the more aggressive the cell is the more effective clotrimazole is.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Clotrimazol/farmacologia , Glicólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Clotrimazol/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , MetabolomaRESUMO
One of the high tuberculosis (TB) incidence countries in the world, Brazil is characterized by considerable differences in TB incidence on regional and state level. In the present study, we describe Brazilian spoligotypes of 1991 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) clinical isolates from patients residents of 11 states from different regions of the country, diagnosed between 1996 and 2005. By performing spoligotyping on a large number of M. tuberculosis clinical isolates, one of the main objectives of this study was to determine the major genotype families causing TB in Brazil and to verify the region-associated genotype distribution. We observed a total of 577 distinct spoligopatterns, 12.6% of these corresponded to orphan patterns while 87.4% belonged to 326 shared-types (SITs). Among the latter, 86 SITs (isolated from 178 patients) had been observed for the first time in this study, the most frequent being SIT2517 which belonged to the T3-ETH lineage and was exclusively found among patients residents of Belém, the capital of the state of Pará (n=8 isolates). Irrespective of shared-type labeling, a total of 19.5% strains were unique (unclustered) in our study as opposed to 80.5% clustered isolates (189 clusters, size range from 2 to 205 isolates). The three largest clusters were SIT42 of the Latin-America & Mediterranean (LAM) 9 clade (10.3%), SIT53 of the T clade (7.6%), and SIT50 of the Haarlem clade (5.4%). The predominant MTC lineages in Brazil in decreasing order belonged to the LAM (46%); the ill-defined T (18.6%); the Haarlem (12.2%), the X (4.7%), the S (1.9%), and the East African Indian (EAI) (0.85%) families. The rest of clades grouped together as Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium bovis, Beijing, Central Asian (CAS), and the Manu types, represented less than 1% of the strains. Finally, about 15% of the isolates showed spoligotype signatures that were not yet classified among well-defined lineages. In conclusion, we provide hereby a first insight into the population structure of MTC isolates in Brazil, showing the predominance of both LAM and T family and the existence of region-associated genotypes.