RESUMO
The history of medicine and cardiology is marked by some geniuses who dared in thinking, research, teaching and transmitting scientific knowledge, and the Italian Andreas Vesalius one of these brilliant masters. His main scientific work "De Humani Corporis Fabrica" is not only a landmark study of human anatomy but also an artistic work of high aesthetic quality published in 1543. In the year 2014 we celebrated 500 years since the birth of the brilliant professor of Padua University, who with his courage and sense of observation changed the understanding of cardiovascular anatomy and founded a school to date in innovative education and research of anatomy. By identifying "the anatomical errors" present in Galen's book and speech, he challenged the dogmas of the Catholic Church, the academic world and the doctors of his time. However, the accuracy of his findings and his innovative way to disseminate them among his students and colleagues was essential so that his contributions are considered by many the landmark of modern medicine. His death is still surrounded by mysteries having different hypotheses, but a certainty, suffered sanctions of the Catholic Church for the spread of their ideas. The cardiologists, cardiovascular surgeons, interventional cardiologists, electrophysiologists and cardiovascular imaginologists must know the legacy of genius Andreas Vesalius that changed the paradigm of human anatomy.
Assuntos
Cardiologia/história , Fenômenos Fisiológicos Cardiovasculares , Sistema Cardiovascular/anatomia & histologia , Anatomia Artística/história , Dissecação/história , História do Século XVI , História Medieval , Humanos , EspanhaRESUMO
Heart failure with normal ejection fraction (HFNEF) is currently the most prevalent clinical phenotype of heart failure. However, the treatments available have shown no reduction in mortality so far. Advances in the omics sciences and techniques of high data processing used in molecular biology have enabled the development of an integrating approach to HFNEF based on systems biology. This study aimed at presenting a systems-biology-based HFNEF model using the bottom-up and top-down approaches. A literature search was conducted for studies published between 1991 and 2013 regarding HFNEF pathophysiology, its biomarkers and systems biology. A conceptual model was developed using bottom-up and top-down approaches of systems biology. The use of systems-biology approaches for HFNEF, a complex clinical syndrome, can be useful to better understand its pathophysiology and to discover new therapeutic targets.
Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Volume Sistólico/fisiologia , Biologia de Sistemas/métodos , Biomarcadores , Humanos , Ilustração MédicaRESUMO
A insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção normal (ICFEN) é, atualmente, o fenótipo clínico mais prevalente de insuficiência cardíaca e os tratamentos disponíveis não apresentam redução na mortalidade. Avanços na disciplina de ciências ômicas e em técnicas de elevado processamento de dados empregados na biologia molecular possibilitaram o desenvolvimento de uma abordagem integrativa da ICFEN baseada na biologia de sistemas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar um modelo da ICFEN baseado na biologia de sistemas utilizando as abordagens bottom-up e top-down. Realizou-se uma pesquisa na literatura de estudos publicados entre 1991-2013 referentes à fisiopatologia da ICFEN, seus biomarcadores e sobre a biologia de sistemas com o desenvolvimento de um modelo conceitual utilizando as abordagens bottom-up e top-down da biologia de sistemas. O emprego da abordagem de biologia de sistemas para ICFEN, a qual é uma síndrome clínica complexa, pode ser útil para melhor entender sua fisiopatologia e descobrir novos alvos terapêuticos.
Heart failure with normal ejection fraction (HFNEF) is currently the most prevalent clinical phenotype of heart failure. However, the treatments available have shown no reduction in mortality so far. Advances in the omics sciences and techniques of high data processing used in molecular biology have enabled the development of an integrating approach to HFNEF based on systems biology. This study aimed at presenting a systems-biology-based HFNEF model using the bottom-up and top-down approaches. A literature search was conducted for studies published between 1991 and 2013 regarding HFNEF pathophysiology, its biomarkers and systems biology. A conceptual model was developed using bottom-up and top-down approaches of systems biology. The use of systems-biology approaches for HFNEF, a complex clinical syndrome, can be useful to better understand its pathophysiology and to discover new therapeutic targets.