RESUMO

Currently, feed formulations for quail are based on foreign data or data from other species; this undermines productivity with the use of excessive or deficient levels of some nutrients. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the nutritional requirement levels of calcium (Ca) and supplementation vitamin D in meat-type quail from 1 to 14 d of age. The experiment was a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments (levels of Ca: 0.42, 0.58, 0.74 and 0.90% and levels of vitamin D: 1,000, 2,000, 3,000 and 4,000 IU) with 3 replicate pens and 43 quails per pen. Weight gain increased quadratically with increased levels of Ca and vitamin D; this variable yielded estimated levels of 0.73% Ca and 2,883 IU vitamin D. There was no Ca x vitamin D interaction effect on bone variables. Bone Ca, bone phosphorus, bone ash, femoral bone strength, tibial bone strength and the femoral Seedor index increased quadratically with an increase in Ca levels. These variables yielded estimated values of 0.78, 0.71, 0.78, 0.77, 0.83, and 0.71% Ca, respectively. It is concluded that the requirements of Ca and vitamin D for the maximum weight gain of meat-type quails, in the period from one to 14 days of age, were 0.73% Ca (p=0.001) and 2,883 IU vitamin D (p=0.02), respectively.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Currently, feed formulations for quail are based on foreign data or data from other species; this undermines productivity with the use of excessive or deficient levels of some nutrients. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the nutritional requirement levels of calcium (Ca) and supplementation vitamin D in meat-type quail from 1 to 14 d of age. The experiment was a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments (levels of Ca: 0.42, 0.58, 0.74 and 0.90% and levels of vitamin D: 1,000, 2,000, 3,000 and 4,000 IU) with 3 replicate pens and 43 quails per pen. Weight gain increased quadratically with increased levels of Ca and vitamin D; this variable yielded estimated levels of 0.73% Ca and 2,883 IU vitamin D. There was no Ca x vitamin D interaction effect on bone variables. Bone Ca, bone phosphorus, bone ash, femoral bone strength, tibial bone strength and the femoral Seedor index increased quadratically with an increase in Ca levels. These variables yielded estimated values of 0.78, 0.71, 0.78, 0.77, 0.83, and 0.71% Ca, respectively. It is concluded that the requirements of Ca and vitamin D for the maximum weight gain of meat-type quails, in the period from one to 14 days of age, were 0.73% Ca (p=0.001) and 2,883 IU vitamin D (p=0.02), respectively.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Avaliou-se o efeito da utilização de níveis crescentes de vitamina A sobre os parâmetros ósseos de codornas de corte de 15 a 35 dias de idade. Foram utilizadas 1520 codornas, não sexadas, com peso médio inicial de 85±4,25g, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, totalizando oito tratamentos com cinco repetições e 38 codornas por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de oito níveis de suplementação de vitamina A (0; 4.500; 6.000; 7.500; 9.000; 10.500; 12.000 e 13.500UI/kg da dieta). O período experimental foi de 15 a 35 dias de idade. Os ossos analisados apresentaram uma redução linear para o índice de Seedor, resistência óssea e teor de cinzas do fêmur e da tíbia de acordo com os níveis de suplementação de vitamina A. A suplementação de vitamina A para codornas de corte de 15 a 35 dias de idade mostrou resultados negativos para a qualidade óssea, com a necessidade de mais estudos sobre seu antagonismo com a vitamina D.(AU)

This study evaluated the effect of using increasing levels of vitamin A on bone parameters in meat-type quails from 15 to 35 days old. A total of 1520 unsexed quail with an average initial weight of 85g distributed in a completely randomized design, totaling eight treatments with five replicates and 38 quails per experimental unit were used. The treatments consisted of eight vitamin supplementation levels A (0; 4,500; 6,000; 7,500; 9,000; 10,500; 12,000 and 13,500IU / kg diet). The experimental period was 15 to 35 days of age. The bones analyzed showed a linear reduction to the Seedor index, bone strength and ash content of the femur and tibia according to vitamin supplementation levels Vitamin A supplementation for cutting quails from 15 to 35 days of age showed negative results for bone quality, with the need for more studies on its antagonism to vitamin D.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Avaliou-se o efeito da utilização de níveis crescentes de vitamina A sobre os parâmetros ósseos de codornas de corte de 15 a 35 dias de idade. Foram utilizadas 1520 codornas, não sexadas, com peso médio inicial de 85±4,25g, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, totalizando oito tratamentos com cinco repetições e 38 codornas por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de oito níveis de suplementação de vitamina A (0; 4.500; 6.000; 7.500; 9.000; 10.500; 12.000 e 13.500UI/kg da dieta). O período experimental foi de 15 a 35 dias de idade. Os ossos analisados apresentaram uma redução linear para o índice de Seedor, resistência óssea e teor de cinzas do fêmur e da tíbia de acordo com os níveis de suplementação de vitamina A. A suplementação de vitamina A para codornas de corte de 15 a 35 dias de idade mostrou resultados negativos para a qualidade óssea, com a necessidade de mais estudos sobre seu antagonismo com a vitamina D.(AU)

This study evaluated the effect of using increasing levels of vitamin A on bone parameters in meat-type quails from 15 to 35 days old. A total of 1520 unsexed quail with an average initial weight of 85g distributed in a completely randomized design, totaling eight treatments with five replicates and 38 quails per experimental unit were used. The treatments consisted of eight vitamin supplementation levels A (0; 4,500; 6,000; 7,500; 9,000; 10,500; 12,000 and 13,500IU / kg diet). The experimental period was 15 to 35 days of age. The bones analyzed showed a linear reduction to the Seedor index, bone strength and ash content of the femur and tibia according to vitamin supplementation levels Vitamin A supplementation for cutting quails from 15 to 35 days of age showed negative results for bone quality, with the need for more studies on its antagonism to vitamin D.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the supplementation of two xylanase products to diets with reduced metabolizable energy fed to meat-type quails during the starter phase (1-14 days). A completely randomized experimental design in a 2 x 3 + 1 factorial arrangement two reduced metabolizable energy (ME) diets, inclusion or not of xylanase, and a control diet with no enzyme addition) was applied, totaling seven treatments with five replicates of 45 quails each. At 14 days of age, jejunum segments were collected for morphometry evaluation. No interaction between the studied factors were detected for performance and jejunal morphometry parameters. Body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were not influenced by enzyme inclusion. Reduced ME diets (-70 or -140 kcal/kg) did not affect performance, except for feed intake. Xylanase inclusion increased villus height and villus:crypt ratio. Therefore, xylanase supplementation can be effective in corn and soybean meal-based diets, without causing any impairment in the performance of 1- to 14-day-old quails. Xylanases A and B were more efficient when dietary energy level was reduced in 140 kcal ME/kg, and were also shown to effectively improve the jejunal morphometry of starter meat-type quails.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the supplementation of two xylanase products to diets with reduced metabolizable energy fed to meat-type quails during the starter phase (1-14 days). A completely randomized experimental design in a 2 x 3 + 1 factorial arrangement two reduced metabolizable energy (ME) diets, inclusion or not of xylanase, and a control diet with no enzyme addition) was applied, totaling seven treatments with five replicates of 45 quails each. At 14 days of age, jejunum segments were collected for morphometry evaluation. No interaction between the studied factors were detected for performance and jejunal morphometry parameters. Body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were not influenced by enzyme inclusion. Reduced ME diets (-70 or -140 kcal/kg) did not affect performance, except for feed intake. Xylanase inclusion increased villus height and villus:crypt ratio. Therefore, xylanase supplementation can be effective in corn and soybean meal-based diets, without causing any impairment in the performance of 1- to 14-day-old quails. Xylanases A and B were more efficient when dietary energy level was reduced in 140 kcal ME/kg, and were also shown to effectively improve the jejunal morphometry of starter meat-type quails.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Two experiments were carried out to determine the levels of supplementation of inorganic selenium (Se) and vitamin E (VE) in diets of quails aged 0-14 and 14-35 days old. A completely randomized design was used in a factorial design (Se = 0.1125; 0.2250; 0.3375 and 0.4500 mg kg-1  diet-1  × VE = 10; 23; 36 and 49 IU kg-1  diet-1 ). In experiment 1, quail (n = 2,400) were aged 0-14 days and were divided into 16 treatments, with three replicates of 50 birds. In experiment 2, quail (n = 1,680) were aged 14-35 days and were divided into the same treatments, with three replicates of 35 birds. At age 0-14 days, the levels of VE did not affect performance (p > .05); however, the feed conversion (FC) was influenced by a quadratic effect (p = .0515), according to the level of Se, with a higher level estimated at 0.29 mg Se kg-1  diet-1 . At age 14-35 days, there was a linear effect with interaction (Se × VE), for FC (p = .0150) and weight gain (WG; p = .0266). FC (Se, p = .0048 and VE, p = .0019) and WG (Se, p = .0049 and VE, p = .0068) improved linearly with increasing levels of Se and VE. The feed intake (FI) decreased linearly (p = .0582) as a function of VE. The carcass yield showed a quadratic effect (p = .0056) on the levels of VE, with a higher yield estimation of 27.24 IU VE/kg of diet. It can be concluded that the optimum level of supplementation at age 0-14 days was 0.29 mg Se kg-1  diet-1 and 10 IU VE kg-1  diet-1 and at age 14-35 days, it was 0.4500 mg Se kg-1  diet-1 and 49 IU of VE kg-1  diet-1 .

Assuntos

RESUMO

O presente experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar os níveis de suplementação de vitamina K para codornas de corte. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com oito tratamentos, cinco repetições e 38 codornas por unidade experimental. Os níveis de suplementação de vitamina K foram: 0; 0,7; 1,0; 1,3; 1,6; 1,9; 2,2; 2,5mg/kg de ração. Não houve influência dos níveis de suplementação de vitamina K sobre o consumo de ração, peso corporal, ganho de peso, biomassa corporal acumulada e conversão alimentar, como também não foram alterados o peso, a densidade óssea, a resistência óssea e a concentração de cinzas no fêmur e na tíbia, o comprimento e o índice de Seedor do fêmur e o diâmetro da tíbia. O diâmetro e a concentração de cálcio no fêmur bem como o comprimento e a concentração de cálcio na tíbia responderam de forma quadrática (P<0,05), sendo os melhores níveis encontrados de 1,33; 1,42; 1,59 e 1,42mg de vitamina K, respectivamente. O tempo de protrombina, a concentração de cálcio no soro e a fosfatase alcalina também não foram afetados significativamente. Conclui-se que os níveis de suplementação não influenciaram o desempenho, portanto rações à base de milho e farelo de soja são suficientes para atender às necessidades de vitamina K das codornas nessa fase.(AU)

An experiment was carried out in order to determine the levels of vitamin K for meat quails. The experimental design was completely randomized with 8 treatments, 5 repetitions and 38 quails per experimental unit. The levels of vitamin K supplementation were 0; 0.7; 1.0; 1.3; 1.6; 1.9; 2.2; 2.5 mg/kg diets. There was no influence in the levels of vitamin K supplementation on feed intake, body weight, weight gain, biomass accumulated body and feed conversion. It also didn't affect the weight, bone density, bone strength and concentration of ash in the femur and tibial, length, index of Seedor femur and tibial diameter. Femur diameter and femur calcium concentration and the tibial length and tibial calcium concentration showed a quadratic response, with the highest levels found 1.33; 1.42; 1.59 and 1.42 mg of vitamin respectively. Prothrombin time, concentration of serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase levels also were not significantly affected. In conclusion, levels of supplementation did not influence the performance of meat quails, so diets based on corn and soybean meal are sufficient to meet the needs of the meat quails at this stage.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

O presente experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar os níveis de suplementação de vitamina K para codornas de corte. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com oito tratamentos, cinco repetições e 38 codornas por unidade experimental. Os níveis de suplementação de vitamina K foram: 0; 0,7; 1,0; 1,3; 1,6; 1,9; 2,2; 2,5mg/kg de ração. Não houve influência dos níveis de suplementação de vitamina K sobre o consumo de ração, peso corporal, ganho de peso, biomassa corporal acumulada e conversão alimentar, como também não foram alterados o peso, a densidade óssea, a resistência óssea e a concentração de cinzas no fêmur e na tíbia, o comprimento e o índice de Seedor do fêmur e o diâmetro da tíbia. O diâmetro e a concentração de cálcio no fêmur bem como o comprimento e a concentração de cálcio na tíbia responderam de forma quadrática (P<0,05), sendo os melhores níveis encontrados de 1,33; 1,42; 1,59 e 1,42mg de vitamina K, respectivamente. O tempo de protrombina, a concentração de cálcio no soro e a fosfatase alcalina também não foram afetados significativamente. Conclui-se que os níveis de suplementação não influenciaram o desempenho, portanto rações à base de milho e farelo de soja são suficientes para atender às necessidades de vitamina K das codornas nessa fase.(AU)

An experiment was carried out in order to determine the levels of vitamin K for meat quails. The experimental design was completely randomized with 8 treatments, 5 repetitions and 38 quails per experimental unit. The levels of vitamin K supplementation were 0; 0.7; 1.0; 1.3; 1.6; 1.9; 2.2; 2.5 mg/kg diets. There was no influence in the levels of vitamin K supplementation on feed intake, body weight, weight gain, biomass accumulated body and feed conversion. It also didn't affect the weight, bone density, bone strength and concentration of ash in the femur and tibial, length, index of Seedor femur and tibial diameter. Femur diameter and femur calcium concentration and the tibial length and tibial calcium concentration showed a quadratic response, with the highest levels found 1.33; 1.42; 1.59 and 1.42 mg of vitamin respectively. Prothrombin time, concentration of serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase levels also were not significantly affected. In conclusion, levels of supplementation did not influence the performance of meat quails, so diets based on corn and soybean meal are sufficient to meet the needs of the meat quails at this stage.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of heat stress (HS) and selenium supplementation on markers of stress, meat quality and gene expression. For this, meat quails of 42 days of age were fed a diet that either met [0.33 mg/kg, nutritional demand for selenium (SS)] or did not meet [0.11 mg/kg, selenium deficient (SD)] the nutritional demands for selenium during the 7 days of evaluation. In addition, the animals were kept at either a thermal comfort temperature (25 °C) or exposed to HS (38 °C for 24 h). Glutathione synthetase (GSS), glutathione reductase (GSR) and uncoupling protein (UCP) gene expression were influenced by the interaction between temperature and diet. Animals subjected to HS and fed the SS diet exhibited the highest GSS and GSR gene expression. In terms of UCP gene expression, the lowest values were observed in HS animals on the SD diet. Glutathione peroxidase 7 (GPX7) gene expression, body temperature (BT) and creatine kinase (CK) activity were influenced by both selenium supplementation and HS. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and creatinine content all were influenced by the diet/environment interaction. The highest AST activity, ALT activity and creatinine levels were observed in animals that were both on the SD diet and exposed to HS. HS animals also exhibited an increased heterophil/lymphocyte ratio and lower triiodothyronine (T3) hormone levels than birds that remained at the comfortable temperature. Animals subjected to HS and fed with selenium supplemented diet showed better results regarding gene expression and, thus, better results for the activities of enzymes used as stress markers, which could be due to the higher antioxidant capacity provided by the action of the studied genes.

Assuntos