RESUMO
Identification of Gram-negative bacilli by AMS-Vitek, MicroScan, and Autobac Series II was evaluated with 434 clinical isolates comprising glucose fermenters and glucose nonfermenters. The organisms were tested in each of the three systems (the AMS Vitek GNI card, the MicroScan Combo Plus Panel, and the Autobac 18 chamber cuvette). API 20E was used as the primary reference system. MicroScan and Vitek correctly identified 96.1% and 95.6% of the organisms, respectively. The Autobac Series II identified 82.3% of the organisms correctly. Results with MicroScan, Vitek, and Autobac were available in 24-48 hours, 4-18 hours, and 3-8 hours, respectively.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/classificação , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
The authors analized the clinical evolution and the mortality of fifty seven children with hydrocephalus due to congenital malformation (41.1%), meningitis (36.8%) and tumors (21.1%), that were submitted to surgical treatment for hydrocephalus, from 1970 to 1980. Insertions of ventriculostomy reservoir and of external ventricular drainage were satisfactory used to control the expanding hydrocephalus in children with meningitis, that wait insertion of the valve. The use of hypothalamic ventriculostomy with catheter has showed satisfactory results in the treatment of children with hydrocephalus due to non inflammatory origin. Ventriculoatrial shunts were utilized in few cases but were useful in the treatment of hydrocephalus in children. The operative mortality rate was 25.7%. Ventriculoperitoneal shunts showed good results in the treatment of hydrocephalus in 89.4% of the cases in the immediate post-operative time and this number drop to 88.2% at the eighteen post-operative month. The overall mortality rate was 34%. At the end of the third post-operative month 27.3% of the survivors of the children with hydrocephalus due to congenital malformation and meningitis submitted to ventriculoperitoneal shunts showed normal neuromotor development and at the end of the second post-operative year this number increased to 50%. The operative mortality rate in this group was 25% and the majority of death occurred due to meningitis.
Assuntos
Derivações do Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/métodos , Hidrocefalia/cirurgia , Neoplasias do Ventrículo Cerebral/complicações , Ventrículos Cerebrais/anormalidades , Derivações do Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/mortalidade , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Hidrocefalia/etiologia , Hidrocefalia/mortalidade , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Pressão Intracraniana , Masculino , Meningite/complicaçõesRESUMO
The authors analized the complications of fifty seven children with hydrocephalus due to congenital malformation (42.1%), meningitis (36.8%) and tumor (21.1%), that were submitted to surgical treatment for hydrocephalus, from 1970 to 1980. External ventricular drainage and insertion of ventriculostomy reservoir were used to control the expanding hydrocephalus in children with meningitis. Complications weren't observed in the first procedure. Cutaneous abscess, brain abscess, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, wound dehiscence, malposition of the reservoir and local tumor were observed in the use of the ventriculostomy reservoir and these complications caused a revision rate of 0.47 revisions per patient. Hypothalamic ventriculostomy with catheter showed complications (catheter obstruction and meningitis) that caused a revision rate of 0.57 revisions per patient. Ventriculoatrial shunting procedure showed several complications (malposition of the distal catheter, malfunction of the valvular system without obstruction and infection and thrombosis of the superior vena cava), that caused a revision rate of 0.57 revisions per patient. Ventriculo-peritoneal shunting procedure showed infections in 30.8%, malfunction of the valvular system in 32.2% cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 17.3%, malposition of catheter in 13.5%, catheter disconnection in 9.6%, transient abdominal distension in two cases and overdrainage phenomena, ascites and abdominal pseudocyst in one case.