RESUMO

[ABSTRACT]. Objective. To provide a comprehensive overview of geographical patterns (2001–2010) and time trends (1993–2012) of cancer incidence in children aged 0–19 years in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and interpret the findings in the context of global patterns. Methods. Geographical variations in 2001–2010 and incidence trends over 1993–2012 in the population of LAC younger than 20 years were described using the database of the third volume of the International Incidence of Childhood Cancer study containing comparable data. Age-specific incidence per million person-years (ASR) was calculated for population subgroups and age-standardized (WSR) using the world standard population. Results. Overall, 36 744 unique cases were included in this study. In 2001–2010 the overall WSR in age 0–14 years was 132.6. The most frequent were leukemia (WSR 48.7), central nervous system neoplasms (WSR 23.0), and lymphoma (WSR 16.6). The overall ASR in age group 15–19 years was 152.3 with lymphoma rank- ing first (ASR 30.2). Incidence was higher in males than in females, and higher in South America than in Central America and the Caribbean. Compared with global data LAC incidence was lower overall, except for leukemia and lymphoma at age 0–14 years and the other and unspecified tumors at any age. Overall incidence at age 0–19 years increased by 1.0% per year (95% CI [0.6, 1.3]) over 1993–2012. The included registries covered 16% of population aged 0–14 years and 10% of population aged 15–19 years. Conclusions. The observed patterns provide a baseline to assess the status and evolution of childhood can- cer occurrence in the region. Extended and sustained support of cancer registration is required to improve representativeness and timeliness of data for childhood cancer control in LAC.

[RESUMEN]. Objetivo. Presentar un panorama integral de los patrones geográficos (2001 a 2010) y las tendencias a lo largo del tiempo (1993 a 2012) de la incidencia de cáncer en la población infantil de 0 a 19 años en América Latina y el Caribe e interpretar los resultados en el contexto de los patrones mundiales. Métodos. Se describen las diferencias geográficas en el período 2001-2010 y las tendencias de la incidencia entre 1993 y el 2012 correspondientes a la población menor de 20 años de América Latina y el Caribe, mediante el empleo de la base de datos del tercer volumen del estudio de Incidencia Internacional del Cáncer Infantil, (IICC, por su sigla en inglés), que contiene datos comparables. Se calculó la tasa de incidencia específica para la edad (TEE) por millón de años-persona para los diversos subgrupos poblacionales y la tasa de incidencia mundial estandarizada según la edad (TEM) utilizando la población estándar mundial. Resultados. El estudio incluyó un total de 36 744 casos únicos. En el período del 2001 al 2010, la TEM general en la franja etaria de 0 a 14 años fue de 132,6. Los cánceres más frecuentes fueron la leucemia (TEM 48,7), las neoplasias del sistema nervioso central (TEM 23,0) y el linfoma (TEM 16,6). La TEE general en la franja etaria de 15 a 19 años fue de 152,3, con el linfoma como cáncer más frecuente (TEE 30,2). La incidencia fue mayor en el sexo masculino que en el femenino, y fue más alta en América del Sur que en Centroamérica y el Caribe. En comparación con los datos mundiales, en América Latina y el Caribe la incidencia fue, en general, menor, excepto en el caso de leucemia y el linfoma en la franja etaria de 0–14 años y los cánceres classificados como otros tumores y tumores sin especificar en todas las edades. La incidencia general en la franja etaria de 0-19 años aumentó en un 1,0 % al año (IC del 95 % [0,6, 1,3]) entre 1993 y el 2012. La cobertura de los registros incluidos fue de un 16% de la población de 0 a 14 años y de un 10% de la de 15 a 19 años. Conclusiones. Los patrones observados proporcionan un valor de referencia para evaluar el estado y la evolución de la incidencia del cáncer infantil en la Región. Es necesario contar con un apoyo mayor y más sostenido para el registro del cáncer a fin de mejorar la representatividad y la oportunidad de los datos relativos al control del cáncer infantil en América Latina y el Caribe.

[RESUMO]. Objetivo. Apresentar uma visão abrangente dos padrões geográficos (2001 a 2010) e das tendências temporais (1993 a 2012) da incidência de câncer em crianças e jovens de 0 a 19 anos na América Latina e no Caribe (ALC) e interpretar os resultados no contexto de padrões mundiais. Métodos. Foram descritas variações geográficas de 2001 a 2010 e tendências de incidência de 1993 a 2012 na população com menos de 20 anos da ALC usando informações comparáveis da base de dados do terceiro volume do estudo International Incidence of Childhood Cancer. Foram calculadas taxas de incidência específica por idade por milhão de pessoas-ano (ASR, na sigla em inglês) para subgrupos populacionais e taxas padronizadas por idade usando a população padrão mundial (WSR, na sigla em inglês). Resultados. No total, foram incluídos 36 744 casos únicos. No período de 2001 a 2010, a WSR para todos os tumores combinados na faixa etária de 0 a 14 anos foi de 132,6. Os diagnósticos mais frequentes foram leucemia (WSR de 48,7), neoplasias do sistema nervoso central (WSR de 23,0) e linfoma (WSR de 16,6). A ASR para todos os tumores combinados na faixa etária de 15 a 19 anos foi de 152,3, e a maior taxa foi a de linfoma (ASR de 30,2). A incidência foi maior no sexo masculino do que no sexo feminino e maior na América do Sul do que na América Central e no Caribe. De modo geral, em comparação com as estimativas mundiais, a incidência na ALC foi menor, exceto para leucemia e linfoma entre 0 e 14 anos e para outros tumores e tumores não especificados em qualquer idade. A taxa de incidência na faixa etária de 0 a 19 anos aumentou em 1,0% ao ano (IC de 95% [0,6, 1,3]) entre 1993 e 2012. Os registros incluídos cobriam 16% da população de 0 a 14 anos e 10% da população de 15 a 19 anos. Conclusões. Os padrões observados servem de referência para avaliar o status e a evolução da ocorrência de câncer infantil na região. É necessário garantir um apoio ampliado e consistente aos registros de câncer para aprimorar a representatividade e a disponibilidade das informações em tempo adequado para o controle do câncer infantil na ALC.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective. To provide a comprehensive overview of geographical patterns (2001-2010) and time trends (1993-2012) of cancer incidence in children aged 0-19 years in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and interpret the findings in the context of global patterns. Methods. Geographical variations in 2001-2010 and incidence trends over 1993-2012 in the population of LAC younger than 20 years were described using the database of the third volume of the International Incidence of Childhood Cancer study containing comparable data. Age-specific incidence per million person-years (ASR) was calculated for population subgroups and age-standardized (WSR) using the world standard population. Results. Overall, 36 744 unique cases were included in this study. In 2001-2010 the overall WSR in age 0-14 years was 132.6. The most frequent were leukemia (WSR 48.7), central nervous system neoplasms (WSR 23.0), and lymphoma (WSR 16.6). The overall ASR in age group 15-19 years was 152.3 with lymphoma ranking first (ASR 30.2). Incidence was higher in males than in females, and higher in South America than in Central America and the Caribbean. Compared with global data LAC incidence was lower overall, except for leukemia and lymphoma at age 0-14 years and the other and unspecified tumors at any age. Overall incidence at age 0-19 years increased by 1.0% per year (95% CI [0.6, 1.3]) over 1993-2012. The included registries covered 16% of population aged 0-14 years and 10% of population aged 15-19 years. Conclusions. The observed patterns provide a baseline to assess the status and evolution of childhood cancer occurrence in the region. Extended and sustained support of cancer registration is required to improve representativeness and timeliness of data for childhood cancer control in LAC.

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

RESUMO Objetivo. Apresentar uma visão abrangente dos padrões geográficos (2001 a 2010) e das tendências temporais (1993 a 2012) da incidência de câncer em crianças e jovens de 0 a 19 anos na América Latina e no Caribe (ALC) e interpretar os resultados no contexto de padrões mundiais. Métodos. Foram descritas variações geográficas de 2001 a 2010 e tendências de incidência de 1993 a 2012 na população com menos de 20 anos da ALC usando informações comparáveis da base de dados do terceiro volume do estudo International Incidence of Childhood Cancer. Foram calculadas taxas de incidência específica por idade por milhão de pessoas-ano (ASR, na sigla em inglês) para subgrupos populacionais e taxas padronizadas por idade usando a população padrão mundial (WSR, na sigla em inglês). Resultados. No total, foram incluídos 36 744 casos únicos. No período de 2001 a 2010, a WSR para todos os tumores combinados na faixa etária de 0 a 14 anos foi de 132,6. Os diagnósticos mais frequentes foram leucemia (WSR de 48,7), neoplasias do sistema nervoso central (WSR de 23,0) e linfoma (WSR de 16,6). A ASR para todos os tumores combinados na faixa etária de 15 a 19 anos foi de 152,3, e a maior taxa foi a de linfoma (ASR de 30,2). A incidência foi maior no sexo masculino do que no sexo feminino e maior na América do Sul do que na América Central e no Caribe. De modo geral, em comparação com as estimativas mundiais, a incidência na ALC foi menor, exceto para leucemia e linfoma entre 0 e 14 anos e para outros tumores e tumores não especificados em qualquer idade. A taxa de incidência na faixa etária de 0 a 19 anos aumentou em 1,0% ao ano (IC de 95% [0,6, 1,3]) entre 1993 e 2012. Os registros incluídos cobriam 16% da população de 0 a 14 anos e 10% da população de 15 a 19 anos. Conclusões. Os padrões observados servem de referência para avaliar o status e a evolução da ocorrência de câncer infantil na região. É necessário garantir um apoio ampliado e consistente aos registros de câncer para aprimorar a representatividade e a disponibilidade das informações em tempo adequado para o controle do câncer infantil na ALC.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Estimating childhood cancer incidence globally is hampered by a lack of reliable data from low- and middle-income countries. Costa Rica is one of the few middle-income countries (MIC) with a long-term high quality nationwide population-based cancer registry. METHODS: Data on incident cancers in children aged under 15 years reported to the Costa Rica National Cancer Registry between 2000 and 2014 were analyzed by diagnostic group, age, sex, and geographical region and compared with incidence data for Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White (NHW) children in California, USA. RESULTS: During the 15-year period, 2396 cases of childhood cancer were reported in Costa Rica, resulting in an overall age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) of 140/million. Most frequent cancer types were leukemias (40.5%), malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors (13.9%), and lymphomas (12.7%). The observed ASR of lymphoid leukemia (46.9/million) ranked high globally. Low rates were found for most solid tumors including malignant CNS tumors, sympathetic nervous system tumors, and soft tissue sarcomas. There was almost no change in incidence rates over time, while geographical variations were observed within Costa Rica. The overall cancer rate in Costa Rica was lower compared to NHW (176.1/million) and Hispanic (161.7/million) children in California. CONCLUSION: Based on the longstanding registration system, the childhood cancer incidence rates were similar to those observed in other Latin American countries. While a degree of under-ascertainment of cases cannot be excluded, the markedly high leukemia rates, in particular of the lymphoid sub-type deserves further study in this population.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cancer is a major cause of death in children worldwide, and the recorded incidence tends to increase with time. Internationally comparable data on childhood cancer incidence in the past two decades are scarce. This study aimed to provide internationally comparable local data on the incidence of childhood cancer to promote research of causes and implementation of childhood cancer control. METHODS: This population-based registry study, devised by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in collaboration with the International Association of Cancer Registries, collected data on all malignancies and non-malignant neoplasms of the CNS diagnosed before age 20 years in populations covered by high-quality cancer registries with complete data for 2001-10. Incidence rates per million person-years for the 0-14 years and 0-19 years age groups were age-adjusted using the world standard population to provide age-standardised incidence rates (WSRs), using the age-specific incidence rates (ASR) for individual age groups (0-4 years, 5-9 years, 10-14 years, and 15-19 years). All rates were reported for 19 geographical areas or ethnicities by sex, age group, and cancer type. The regional WSRs for children aged 0-14 years were compared with comparable data obtained in the 1980s. FINDINGS: Of 532 invited cancer registries, 153 registries from 62 countries, departments, and territories met quality standards, and contributed data for the entire decade of 2001-10. 385 509 incident cases in children aged 0-19 years occurring in 2·64 billion person-years were included. The overall WSR was 140·6 per million person-years in children aged 0-14 years (based on 284 649 cases), and the most common cancers were leukaemia (WSR 46·4), followed by CNS tumours (WSR 28·2), and lymphomas (WSR 15·2). In children aged 15-19 years (based on 100 860 cases), the ASR was 185·3 per million person-years, the most common being lymphomas (ASR 41·8) and the group of epithelial tumours and melanoma (ASR 39·5). Incidence varied considerably between and within the described regions, and by cancer type, sex, age, and racial and ethnic group. Since the 1980s, the global WSR of registered cancers in children aged 0-14 years has increased from 124·0 (95% CI 123·3-124·7) to 140·6 (140·1-141·1) per million person-years. INTERPRETATION: This unique global source of childhood cancer incidence will be used for aetiological research and to inform public health policy, potentially contributing towards attaining several targets of the Sustainable Development Goals. The observed geographical, racial and ethnic, age, sex, and temporal variations require constant monitoring and research. FUNDING: International Agency for Research on Cancer and the Union for International Cancer Control.

Assuntos