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El espacio de comedores son una forma de garantizar el acceso a alimentos seguros, saludables y medio ambientalmente responsables para los estudiantes universitarios. Objetivo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar los estándares del menú, a partir de la evaluación de la calidad nutricional y del impacto en el medio ambiente por los insumos utilizados para su elaboración por un Comedor Universitario (CU) en Uruguay. Materiales y métodos. Se trató de un estudio de caso retrospectivo, relativo al año 2021. Las variables evaluadas fueron a) cantidad total de alimento comprado en kilogramos (kg); b) cantidad en kilocalorías (kcal) e impactos ambientales por: c) generación de residuos; d) huella hídrica (HH); y e) gases de efecto invernadero (GEI). También se realizaron cálculos para evaluar la ecoeficiencia (EE). Resultados. El CU sirvió 33.740 comidas en 2021, de las cuales el 87,1% fueron almuerzos. De los 78 tipos de alimentos comprados, 41 de ellos representaron el 93,17% del total en kilogramos. En la calidad nutricional, menos del 10% se clasificaron como alimentos procesados o ultraprocesados. En la evaluación de aspectos nutricionales e impactos ambientales, los alimentos de origen animal representaron el 26,52% del total en kg y el 69,78% de los HH. Un alimento de origen vegetal tuvo el mayor impacto de GEI debido a su origen. En cuanto a la EE, la valoración general mostró un resultado de 0,0626 para los alimentos de origen animal y 0,3838 para los de origen vegetal. Conclusiones. Corresponde a los servicios de alimentación para colectividades considerar, en la planificación del menú, además de la calidad nutricional y sanitaria de la oferta alimentaria, los impactos ambientales que estas genera(AU)

The canteens are a way to guarantee access to safe, healthy and environmentally responsible food for university students. Objective. The purpose of this research was to characterize the menu standards, based on the evaluation of the nutritional quality and the environmental impact of the inputs used for its preparation by a university canteen in Uruguay. Materials and methods. This was a retrospective case study, relating to the year 2021. The variables evaluated were a) total amount of food purchased in kilograms (kg); b) quantity in kilocalories (kcal) and environmental impacts due to: c) waste generation; d) water footprint (WF); and e) greenhouse gases (GHG). Calculations were also performed to assess eco-efficiency (EE). Results. The university canteen served 33,740 meals in 2021, of which 87.1% were lunches. Of the 78 types of food purchased, 41 of them represented 93.17% of the total in kilograms. In nutritional quality, less than 10% are classified as processed or ultra-processed foods. In the evaluation of nutritional aspects and environmental impacts, foods of animal origin represented 26.52% of the total in kg and 69.78% of WF. A vegetal based food had the highest GHG impact due to its origin. Regarding the EE calculations, the general assessment showed a result of 0.626 for foods of animal origin and 0.3838 for those of vegetable origin. Conclusions. It corresponds to the food services for communities to consider, in the planning of the menu, in addition to the nutritional and sanitary quality of the food offer, the environmental impacts that it generates(AU)

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El presente trabajo extrae referencias de Lacan sobre la lengua china - en los seminarios: "La identificación" (1961-1962), De un discurso que no fuera semblante (1971) y ... o peor (1971-1972) - para examinar aspectos lingüísticos y matemáticos, a través de aportes de sinólogos

The present paper extracts Lacan´s references on the Chinese language - in the seminars: "The Idenfication" (1961-1962), On a discourse that might not be a semblance (1971) and … or Worse (1971-1972) - to examine mathematical and linguistic aspects, through contributions of sinologists

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Malignant acanthosis nigricans is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome, usually associated with a gastric adenocarcinoma and less frequently with other neoplasms. In general, its appearance indicates a poor prognosis with a survival of < 2 years. We describe the case of a 40-year-old patient who presented with generalized cutaneous thickening that had a velvety appearance, was rapidly progressing, and involved right axillary adenopathy. Skin and nipple biopsy yielded results consistent with acanthosis nigricans, and palpable adenopathy biopsy results were compatible with mammary adenocarcinoma (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive and estrogen and progesterone receptor negative) without a detectable primary tumor. This case of malignant acanthosis nigricans is presented because of the importance of its early recognition as a paraneoplastic syndrome and its relation with mammary adenocarcinoma, an association infrequently reported in the literature.

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Chagas disease (Ch) affects 8-10 million people in Latin America, most of them are poor. Sudden death (SD) is the major cause of death in patients with Ch. To the best of our knowledge, the present report covers the largest reported series comparing the SD of Ch versus non-Ch patients Objective: To compare the circadian rhythm of SD in Ch versus non-Ch patients. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of all the cases of SD recorded in our department, including autopsied patients from 1963 until 2011. The pattern of SD of 262 patients (116 Ch and 146 non-Ch), 56.7% men, average age 54, 6 years old, divided into four groups: Group A: Ch with SD (n = 38), Group B: non-Ch with SD (n = 58), Group C. Ch with non SD (n = 89), and Group D: non-Ch with non SD (n = 81). For the statistical analysis, proportion comparison was used. RESULTS: 44.7% (17/38) of SDs in Group A (Ch) occurred between 6 a.m. and 5:59 p.m., while for Group B (not Ch) 70.7% (41 /58) died in that time (p < 0.005). 55.3% (21/38) of the SD in Group A (Ch) occurred between 6 p.m. and 5:59 a.m. compared with 29.3% (17/58) in Group B (p < 0, 005). CONCLUSIONS: Circadian rhythm of SD in patient with Ch differs from those with non-Ch. In Ch patients, SD occurs predominantly during the night compared with non-Ch SD that occurs predominantly during the day especially during the morning.

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Objetivo: Estimar el tiempo promedio de desarrollo de Lutzomyia evansi. Materiales y métodos: Se inició una colonia de Lutzomyia evansi con individuos recolectados en la zona urbana de la ciudad de Sincelejo (Colombia). La colonia fue mantenida en el laboratorio durante tres generaciones filiales bajo condiciones experimentales promedio de 26°C de temperatura y 94% de humedad relativa. Resultados: La duración del desarrollo de Lutzomyia evansi fue de 36 a 45 días. El tiempo requerido para el desarrollo de los huevos fue en promedio de 6,75 días (rango de 6 a 8 días). La duración en promedio de los diferentes estadios larvales fue 5,75 días en larvas de primer estadio (rango de 5 a 8 días), 5,75 días en larvas de segundo estadio (rango de 4 a 7 días), 5 días en larvas de tercer estadio (rango de 4 a 7 días) y 7 días en larvas de cuarto estadio (rango e 6 a 8 días). En la fase de pupa, la duración en promedio fue de 9,75 días (rango de 7 a 17 días). Conclusiones: El tiempo promedio requerido para el desarrollo de Lutzomyia evansi, comprendido desde la alimentación sanguínea de la hembra madre hasta la emergencia del adulto, es de 40 días.

Objective: To estimate the mean development time for Lutzomyia evansi. Materials and methods: A laboratory colony of Lutzomyia evansi was started from sand flies collected in the urban area of the City of Sincelejo, Colombia. The colony was main-tained during three filial generations under experimental conditions of 26°C of mean tem-perature, and 94% of average relative humidity. Results: The duration of the development of Lutzomyia evansi was from 36 to 45 days. The development time for eggs was, on average, 6, 75 days (interval from 6 to 8 days). The mean duration of the different larval instars was 5,75 days in first instar (interval from 5 to 8 days), 5,75 days in second instar (interval from 4 to 7 days), 5 days in third instar (in-terval from 4 to 7 days) and 7 days in fourth instar (interval from 6 to 8 days). In the stage of pupa the development time was, on average, 9, 75 days (interval from 7 to 17 days). Conclusions: The mean development time for Lutzomyia evansi, from the female's blood meal to adult emergence, is 40 days.

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El diagnóstico de la tuberculosis pleural es difícil usando solo los métodos convencionales. El objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar la eficacia de la adenosina deaminasa, interferón gamma y biopsia pleural para el diagnóstico de tuberculosis pleural y si estos biomarcadores podrían obviar la práctica de la biopsia. Se realizó el estudio prospectivo de 52 muestras de líquido pleural y 54 biopsias pleurales de 52 pacientes (M/F: 30/22). La edad promedio fue 38,8 ± 20,6 años. Los derrames fueron: tuberculosis pleural, 33 (63,46%), asociados a infección respiratoria baja. 10 (19,23%) y 9 neoplásicos (17,30%). La sensibilidad de interferon gamma, adenosina deaminasa y biopsia fue de: 88,0%, 76,0% y 65,0%, respectivamente y especificidad de: 78,0%, 63,0% y 100,0% respectivamente. Conclusiones: la adenosina deaminasa no es util aislada como método diagnóstico para la tuberculosis pleural. Se recomienda no obviar el cultivo ni la biopsia plaural y siendo Venezuela un país de alta prevalencia de tuberculosis, hacer de rutina, la medición de interferón gamma y la toracoscopia.

The diagnosis of pleural tuberculous is difficult using only conventional methods. The aim of this paper is to demostrate the efficacy of the adenosine deaminase Interferon gamma and pleural biopsy for the diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis and if these biomarkers could ignore the practice of the biopsy. The prospective study of 52 samples of pleural fluid and 54 pleural biopsies of 52 patients was conducted. The median age was 38.8 (20.6 years.). Tuberculosis etiology spills were 33 (63.46%): associated with low respiratory infection 10 (19.23%) and 9 neoplastic (17,30%). The sensitivity of Interferon gamma, adenosine deaminase and biopsy was 88.0%, 76.0% to 65.0% respectively and the specificity was 78.0% and 63.0% 100.0% respectively. Conclusions: the adenosine deaminase is not useful only as a diagnostic method for the pleural tuberculosis. It is recommended to not override the cultivation or do the pleural biopsy and being Venezuela as a country of high prevalence of tuberculosis. make routine, the measurement of gamma interferon and the thoracoscopy it is recommended.

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