RESUMO
The broad global distribution of freshwater clams belonging to the genus Corbicula is driven by multiple hermaphroditic lineages. These lineages, characterized by shared morphological traits and phenotypic plasticity, pose challenges to morphological identification. Genetic markers, such as the mitochondrial COI gene, play a crucial role in delineating these lineages and their ranges. Morphotypes represent observed phenotypic variations, while lineages are defined based on genetic markers. Here, we comprehensively review Corbicula's distribution in Argentina, discriminate extant lineages based on both morphological and genetic (COI) data, and describe variations in internal and external morphologies using 15 Argentine populations. Genetic analyses identified two mitochondrial lineages: the AR morphotype (FW5 haplotype) and CS morphotype (FW17 haplotype). Strikingly, despite having similar vectors, origins, and invasive stages, Corbicula lineages exhibit virtually segregated distributions. However, mitochondrial haplotypes are found in sympatry mainly in northeastern Argentina where individuals with intermediate morphotypes exist, suggesting the presence of hybrids due to maternal genome retention. These findings contribute to the clarification of the identity and distribution of Corbicula lineages in Argentina, where the genus has been found for over half a century. Similar studies are needed in other areas to better understand the invasion patterns of this successful and adaptable group.
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OBJECTIVES: To examine the underlying mechanisms that lead growth impairment to occur more commonly in males than females with Crohn's disease (CD). STUDY DESIGN: Children and adolescents with CD were enrolled in a prospective multicenter longitudinal cohort study. Height Z-score difference was computed as height Z-score based on chronological age (height chronological age-Z-score) minus height Z-score based on bone age (height bone age-Z-score) using longitudinal data. Specific serum cytokines were measured, hormone Z-scores were calculated based on bone age (bone age-Z), and their longitudinal associations were examined. RESULTS: There were 122 children with CD (63% male) who completed 594 visits. The mean ± SD chronological age was 11.70 ± 1.79 years. The mean ± SD height chronological age-Z-score was -0.03 ± 0.99 in males and -0.49 ± 0.87 in females. The mean ± SD height bone age-Z-score was 0.23 ± 0.93 in males and 0.37 ± 0.96 in females. The magnitude of the mean height Z-score difference was greater in females (-0.87 ± 0.94) than males (-0.27 ± 0.90; P = .005), indicating growth was better in females than males. The following negative associations were identified: in females, interleukin (IL)-8 (P < .001) and IL-12p70 (P = .035) with gonadotropin-bone age-Z-scores; IL-8 (P = .010), IL-12p70 (P = .020), and interferon-γ (P = .004) with sex hormone-bone age-Z-scores, and IL-8 (P = .044) and interferon-γ (P < .001) with insulin-like growth factor 1-bone age-Z-scores; in males, IL-1 beta (P = .019) and IL-6 (P = .025) with insulin-like growth factor 1-bone age-Z-scores. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that sex-specific molecular pathways lead to growth impairment in children with CD (primarily growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis in males and primarily hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in females). Mapping these sex-specific molecular pathways may help in the development of sex-specific treatment approaches targeting the underlying inflammation characteristic of CD.
Assuntos
Doença de Crohn , Hormônio do Crescimento Humano , Adolescente , Estatura , Criança , Doença de Crohn/complicações , Feminino , Hormônio do Crescimento , Humanos , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I , Interferon gama , Interleucina-1beta , Interleucina-6 , Interleucina-8 , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Presentamos los resultados de una serie de casos de pacientes con inestabilidad posterior de hombro, sin defectos óseos ni retroversión glenoidea significativos, tratados con técnica artroscópica de reparación cápsulolabral con anclajes. Entre 2010 y 2019, dieciocho pacientes con inestabilidad posterior de hombro fueron tratados con una reparación cápsulolabral artroscópica con anclajes, en el mismo centro quirúrgico y por el mismo cirujano. Fueron dieciséis hombres y dos mujeres con una edad promedio de 30.5 años (en un rango de diecinueve a cuarenta y cuatro años). Con un seguimiento promedio de 64.4 meses (en un rango entre trece y ciento dieciséis meses) los pacientes fueron evaluados clínicamente con el test de Kim, Jerk y test de aprehensión. También utilizamos los scores de WOSI, ASES, Rowe, radiografía, tomografía computada y resonancia magnética, para las evaluaciones pre y postoperatorias. Tipo de estudio: Serie de casos. Nivel de evidencia: IV
Objective: We present the results of a case series of patients with posterior shoulder instability without significant bone defects or excessive glenoid retroversion treated with arthroscopic capsule-labral repair with suture anchors.Methods: Between 2010 and 2019, 18 patients with posterior shoulder instability underwent an arthroscopic capsule-labral repair with suture anchors. All the cases were operated on at the same surgical center by the same surgeon. The patients were 16 men and two women with an average age of 30.5 years (range 19 to 44 years). With a mean follow up of 64.4 months (range 13-116 months), the patients were clinically evaluated by the Kim, Jerk, and Apprehension tests. Furthermore, the WOSI, ASES, and ROWE scores, X Rays, CT Scans, and MRIs were also used for pre and postoperative assessment. Results: We did not find any case of recurrence of instability. At the final follow up, the Kim's, Jerk, and Apprehension tests were negative in all the patients. The posterior drawer test decreased translation at an average of 2 pluses. The mean WOSI Score risen from 35.2 to 86.5, the ASES from 33.3 to 85.3, and the Rowe from 20.3 to 91.1. Two patients showed moderate to severe degenerative changes at the final X-Rays. The postoperative MRIs of 12 patients demonstrated an anatomic reduction and adequate healing of the posterior labrum.Conclusions: The arthroscopic repair of the labrum with anchors is a reliable, reproducible, and effective technique that warrants satisfactory results in selected posterior shoulder instability cases without significant glenoid bone loss or excessive retroversion. Type of study: Case series. Level of evidence: IV
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Adulto , Artroscopia/métodos , Articulação do Ombro/cirurgia , Seguimentos , Resultado do Tratamento , Instabilidade ArticularRESUMO
The ability of the freshwater bivalve Limnoperna fortunei to voluntarily detach from the substratum, crawl and reattach as a function of illumination, temperature, substratum orientation, and mussel size was investigated. Thirty-two per cent of the 879 experimental animals detached and reattached elsewhere at least once during five- to eight-day experiments. The proportions of mobile mussels were significantly higher in permanent darkness than under permanent illumination. Displacement distances were also higher in darkness, but statistical differences with illuminated individuals were inconclusive. No evidence of circadian rhythms was detected. Mobile mussels were often significantly smaller than non-mobile individuals. It was not possible to detect the effect of water temperature (22°C and 31°C), or substratum orientation (topside and underside) on mussel mobility, but because the power of the statistical tests was low, future experiments are needed to confirm this result. The ability of mussels to voluntarily detach and reattach elsewhere has important implications for biofouling control.
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Incrustação Biológica/prevenção & controle , Perna (Organismo)/fisiologia , Propriedades de Superfície , Animais , Água Doce , Luz , TemperaturaRESUMO
We tested the performance of potassium hydroxide (KOH) in the modified Apt test under different experimental conditions using sodium hydroxide as a positive control. Like sodium hydroxide, KOH differentiated fresh fetal and adult blood stains on a cloth but not dried blood. KOH may be used to perform the Apt test at the bedside.
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Testes Hematológicos/métodos , Hidróxidos , Compostos de Potássio , Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sistemas Automatizados de Assistência Junto ao Leito , Hidróxido de Sódio , Adulto JovemRESUMO
UNLABELLED: We present the first Peruvian pediatric case of induction of remission and maintenance of Crohn's disease with infliximab. CASE: 9-year old female who presented with perianal fistulas, intermittent diarrhea and poor weight gain since 8 months of age. Due to lack of improvement with medical therapy she had a colostomy at 4 years of age. A surgical biopsy showed chronic colitis with inflammation extending to the muscularis mucosae, with areas of glandular atrophy. A diagnosis of Crohn's disease was made. She received prednisone, sulfasalazine and antibiotics without significant improvement. She became undernourished, stunted, and anemic. Consequently, at 8 years of age we started infliximab, 100 mg per doses (5.5 mg/kg/doses). After 4 infusions her perianal fistulas closed. However, after 8 months of treatment she had a disease exacerbation with abdominal pain and diarrhea. Therefore, we added azathioprine (2 mg/kg/d PO) and shortened maintenance infliximab infusions from every 8 to every 4 weeks. Gastrointestinal symptoms resolved. So far the patient has had no adverse events secondary to therapy. CONCLUSION: This patient has a rare early onset and aggressive form of Crohn's disease that responded to infliximab, who needed the addition of azathioprine to maintain remission.
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Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Doença de Crohn/tratamento farmacológico , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Infliximab , Peru , Sulfassalazina/uso terapêutico , Falha de TratamentoRESUMO
Presentamos el primer caso pediátrico peruano de uso de infliximab para inducir remisión en enfermedad de Crohn. Caso: niña de 9 años, con presencia de fístulas perianales desde los 8 meses de edad, además de diarreas recurrentes y pobre ganancia ponderal. Se le realizó una colostomía a los 4 años de edad, sin variación. A esa edad, una biopsia mostró colitis crónica severa superficial y profunda extensiva a la muscularis mucosae con áreas de fibrosis y atrofia glandular, planteándose enfermedad de Crohn. Recibió manejo con corticoides, sulfasalazina y antibióticos sin mejoría. A los 8 años de edad presentaba desnutrición crónica reagudizada, además de anemia moderada. Se decidió iniciar terapia con infliximab, 100 mg por dosis aplicada (5,5 mg/kg/dosis). A la cuarta infusión todas las fístulas perianales estaban inactivas, sin embargo, presentó exacerbación de la enfermedad a los 8 meses de tratamiento. Se decidió agregar azatriopina a 2 mg/kg/d VO y se acortaron las infusiones de mantenimiento a cada 4 semanas. Toda la sintomatología gastrointestinal se resolvió. Hasta el momento la niña no presenta eventos adversos a la administración de la terapia médica. Conclusión: El caso presentado corresponde a una presentación temprana, rara y agresiva de enfermedad de Crohn. El infliximab se constituye en herramienta clave para alcanzar la remisión.
We present the first Peruvian pediatric case of induction of remission and maintenance of Crohns disease with infliximab. Case: 9-year old female who presented with perianal fistulas, intermittent diarrhea and poor weight gain since 8 months of age. Due to lack of improvement with medical therapy she had a colostomy at 4 years of age. A surgical biopsy showed chronic colitis with inflammation extending to the muscularis mucosae, with areas of glandular atrophy. A diagnosis of Crohns disease was made. She received prednisone, sulfasalazine and antibiotics without significant improvement. She became undernourished, stunted, and anemic. Consequently, at 8 years of age we started infliximab, 100 mg per doses (5.5 mg/kg/doses). After 4 infusions her perianal fistulas closed. However, after 8 months of treatment she had a disease exacerbation with abdominal pain and diarrhea. Therefore, we added azathioprine (2 mg/kg/d PO) and shortened maintenance infliximab infusions from every 8 to every 4 weeks. Gastrointestinal symptoms resolved. So far the patient has had no adverse events secondary to therapy. Conclusion: This patient has a rare early onset and aggressive form of Crohns disease that responded to infliximab, who needed the addition of azathioprine to maintain remission.
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Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Doença de Crohn/tratamento farmacológico , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Peru , Sulfassalazina/uso terapêutico , Falha de TratamentoRESUMO
We explored possible links between vector activity and genetic diversity in introduced populations of Limnoperna fortunei by characterizing the genetic structure in native and introduced ranges in Asia and South America. We surveyed 24 populations: ten in Asia and 14 in South America using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, as well as eight polymorphic microsatellite markers. We performed population genetics and phylogenetic analyses to investigate population genetic structure across native and introduced regions. Introduced populations in Asia exhibit higher genetic diversity (H(E)â=â0.667-0.746) than those in South America (H(E)â=ââ0.519-0.575), suggesting higher introduction effort for the former populations. We observed pronounced geographical structuring in introduced regions, as indicated by both mitochondrial and nuclear markers based on multiple genetic analyses including pairwise Ф(ST), F(ST), bayesian clustering method, and three-dimensional factorial correspondence analyses. Pairwise F(ST) values within both Asia (F(ST)â=â0.017-0.126, Pâ=â0.000-0.009) and South America (F(ST)â=0.004-0.107, Pâ=â0.000-0.721) were lower than those between continents (F(ST)â=â0.180-0.319, Pâ=â0.000). Fine-scale genetic structuring was also apparent among introduced populations in both Asia and South America, suggesting either multiple introductions of distinct propagules or strong post-introduction selection and demographic stochasticity. Higher genetic diversity in Asia as compared to South America is likely due to more frequent propagule transfers associated with higher shipping activities between source and donor regions within Asia. This study suggests that the intensity of human-mediated introduction vectors influences patterns of genetic diversity in non-indigenous species.
Assuntos
Bivalves/genética , Variação Genética/genética , Animais , Ásia , Bivalves/classificação , Genética Populacional , Filogenia , Dinâmica Populacional , América do SulRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that circulating activated T cells may release cytokines that decrease bone turnover in children with Crohn disease. STUDY DESIGN: Newly diagnosed Crohn disease and healthy controls of similar age were compared for bone age, bone mineral content and density, markers of bone remodeling, and serum concentration and in vitro T-cell production of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL), interferon (INF)-gamma, and osteoprotegerin (OPG). RESULTS: Newly diagnosed children with Crohn disease (n=23) had similar bone mineral density (BMD) z-scores and body mass index as the controls (n=40). Biochemical markers of bone remodeling indicated a state of low bone turnover in the Crohn disease patients compared with controls. Serum OPG (pmol/L; mean+/-SD, median) was higher (4.24+/-1.74, 3.98 vs 3.38+/-0.83, 3.41; P<.05), and serum RANKL (pmol/L) was lower in the Crohn disease patients (0.50+/-0.86, 0.28 vs 1.02+/-1.63, 0.49; P<.01), consistent with decreased bone resorption. Activated T cells from Crohn disease patients produced a higher concentration of INF-gamma (ng/microg protein) than those from controls (20.03+/-26.39, 8.70 vs 9.76+/-14.10, 6.17; P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: The newly diagnosed children with Crohn disease exhibited reduced bone remodeling, possibly due to T-cell INF-gamma and OPG.