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PURPOSE: To estimate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) according to glycemic status, and its relationship with sociodemographic and clinical factors in a population at risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS: Cross-sectional study, using cluster sampling. Data were collected from 1135 participants over 30 years of age, at risk of developing T2D from the PREDICOL project. Participants' glycemic status was defined using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Participants were divided into normoglycemic subjects (NGT), prediabetes and diabetics do not know they have diabetes (UT2D). HRQOL was assessed using the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire of the EuroQol group. Logistic regression and Tobit models were used to examine factors associated with EQ-5D scores for each glycemic group. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 55.6 ± 12.1 years, 76.4% were female, and one in four participants had prediabetes or unknown diabetes. Participants reported problems most frequently on the dimensions of Pain/Discomfort and Anxiety/Depression in the different glycemic groups. The mean EQ-5D score in NGT was 0.80 (95% CI 0.79-0.81), in prediabetes, 0.81 (95% CI 0.79-0.83), and in participants with UT2D of 0.79 (95% CI 0.76-0.82), respectively. Female sex, older age, city of residence, lower education, receiving treatment for hypertension, and marital status were significantly associated with lower levels of HRQOL in the Tobit regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: HRQOL of NGT, prediabetes, and UT2D participants was statistically similar. However, factors such as gender, age. and place of residence were found to be significant predictors of HRQOL for each glycemic group.

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Objective: Reconstruct the experience of the Virtual Campus for Public Health (VCPH) from 2012 to 2019 in Colombia. Methods: The experience of public health training through the VCPH in Colombia in the period 2012-2019 was systematized. The information is presented in cross-section time series to show the evolution of the VCPH in Colombia over time. Results: A total of 2 627 health professionals took tutored courses and 34 012 followed self-learning courses on relevant, up-to-date, priority public health issues. An important aspect was the opportunity to access remote regions through VCPH training processes that were cost-free for end users. The experience highlights the relevance of the VCPH in reducing the gap in updated human talent in the health field through virtual education with diversity in its modalities and content. Conclusions: Reconstruction of the experience in Colombia showed how the VCPH evolved and strengthened to offer quality training processes that respond to the country's problems and needs. Collaborative work between universities and the Pan American Health Organization resulted in consolidation of the VCPH.

Objetivo: Reconstruir a experiência do Campus Virtual de Saúde Pública (CVSP) de 2012 a 2019 na Colômbia. Métodos: Realizou-se a sistematização da experiência do processo de formação em saúde pública na Colômbia por meio do Campus, referente ao período de 2012 a 2019. As informações são apresentadas em séries transversais de períodos de tempo para mostrar a evolução histórica do CVSP na Colômbia. Resultados: Foram capacitados 2.627 profissionais de saúde em cursos com instrutor e 34.012 em cursos de autoaprendizagem sobre temas relevantes, atuais e prioritários de saúde pública. Destacam-se a oportunidade e o acesso a regiões remotas que o Campus obteve, por meio de processos de formação sem custo para o usuário final. A experiência destaca a relevância do Campus na redução da lacuna de atualização do talento humano da área da saúde, mediante processos de educação virtual com diversidade nas modalidades e ofertas de formação. Conclusões: A reconstrução da experiência da Colômbia mostrou a evolução e o fortalecimento do CVSP para oferecer processos de formação com qualidade, a fim de responder aos problemas e necessidades do país. A consolidação do Campus deve-se ao trabalho colaborativo entre as universidades e a Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde.

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[RESUMEN]. Objetivo. Reconstruir la experiencia del Campus Virtual de Salud Pública (CVSP) desde el año 2012 al 2019 en Colombia. Métodos. Se realizó la sistematización de la experiencia del proceso de formación en salud pública para Colombia, por intermedio del Campus para el periodo de 2012 a 2019. La información se presenta en series transversales de periodos de tiempo para visibilizar la evolución histórica del CVSP en Colombia. Resultados. Se han capacitado 2 627 profesionales de la salud en cursos con tutoría y 34 012 en cursos de autoaprendizaje en temáticas relevantes, actualizadas y prioritarias en salud pública. Se destaca la oportunidad y acceso a regiones remotas que ha tenido el Campus mediante procesos de formación sin costo para el usuario final. La experiencia destaca la relevancia del Campus en la reducción de la brecha de actualización del talento humano en salud, mediante procesos de educación virtual, con diversidad en la modalidad y en la oferta formativa. Conclusiones. La reconstrucción de la experiencia en Colombia mostró la evolución y fortalecimiento del CVSP para ofertar procesos de formación con calidad para responder a los problemas y necesidades del país; la consolidación del Campus se debió al trabajo colaborativo entre las universidades y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud.

[ABSTRACT]. Objective. Reconstruct the experience of the Virtual Campus for Public Health (VCPH) from 2012 to 2019 in Colombia. Methods. The experience of public health training through the VCPH in Colombia in the period 2012-2019 was systematized. The information is presented in cross-section time series to show the evolution of the VCPH in Colombia over time. Results. A total of 2 627 health professionals took tutored courses and 34 012 followed self-learning courses on relevant, up-to-date, priority public health issues. An important aspect was the opportunity to access remote regions through VCPH training processes that were cost-free for end users. The experience highlights the relevance of the VCPH in reducing the gap in updated human talent in the health field through virtual education with diversity in its modalities and content. Conclusions. Reconstruction of the experience in Colombia showed how the VCPH evolved and strengthened to offer quality training processes that respond to the country's problems and needs. Collaborative work between universities and the Pan American Health Organization resulted in consolidation of the VCPH.

[RESUMO]. Objetivo. Reconstruir a experiência do Campus Virtual de Saúde Pública (CVSP) de 2012 a 2019 na Colômbia. Métodos. Realizou-se a sistematização da experiência do processo de formação em saúde pública na Colômbia por meio do Campus, referente ao período de 2012 a 2019. As informações são apresentadas em séries transversais de períodos de tempo para mostrar a evolução histórica do CVSP na Colômbia. Resultados. Foram capacitados 2.627 profissionais de saúde em cursos com instrutor e 34.012 em cursos de autoaprendizagem sobre temas relevantes, atuais e prioritários de saúde pública. Destacam-se a oportunidade e o acesso a regiões remotas que o Campus obteve, por meio de processos de formação sem custo para o usuário final. A experiência destaca a relevância do Campus na redução da lacuna de atualização do talento humano da área da saúde, mediante processos de educação virtual com diversidade nas modalidades e ofertas de formação. Conclusões. A reconstrução da experiência da Colômbia mostrou a evolução e o fortalecimento do CVSP para oferecer processos de formação com qualidade, a fim de responder aos problemas e necessidades do país. A consolidação do Campus deve-se ao trabalho colaborativo entre as universidades e a Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde.

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RESUMEN Objetivo. Reconstruir la experiencia del Campus Virtual de Salud Pública (CVSP) desde el año 2012 al 2019 en Colombia. Métodos. Se realizó la sistematización de la experiencia del proceso de formación en salud pública para Colombia, por intermedio del Campus para el periodo de 2012 a 2019. La información se presenta en series transversales de periodos de tiempo para visibilizar la evolución histórica del CVSP en Colombia. Resultados. Se han capacitado 2 627 profesionales de la salud en cursos con tutoría y 34 012 en cursos de autoaprendizaje en temáticas relevantes, actualizadas y prioritarias en salud pública. Se destaca la oportunidad y acceso a regiones remotas que ha tenido el Campus mediante procesos de formación sin costo para el usuario final. La experiencia destaca la relevancia del Campus en la reducción de la brecha de actualización del talento humano en salud, mediante procesos de educación virtual, con diversidad en la modalidad y en la oferta formativa. Conclusiones. La reconstrucción de la experiencia en Colombia mostró la evolución y fortalecimiento del CVSP para ofertar procesos de formación con calidad para responder a los problemas y necesidades del país; la consolidación del Campus se debió al trabajo colaborativo entre las universidades y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud.

ABSTRACT Objective. Reconstruct the experience of the Virtual Campus for Public Health (VCPH) from 2012 to 2019 in Colombia. Methods. The experience of public health training through the VCPH in Colombia in the period 2012-2019 was systematized. The information is presented in cross-section time series to show the evolution of the VCPH in Colombia over time. Results. A total of 2 627 health professionals took tutored courses and 34 012 followed self-learning courses on relevant, up-to-date, priority public health issues. An important aspect was the opportunity to access remote regions through VCPH training processes that were cost-free for end users. The experience highlights the relevance of the VCPH in reducing the gap in updated human talent in the health field through virtual education with diversity in its modalities and content. Conclusions. Reconstruction of the experience in Colombia showed how the VCPH evolved and strengthened to offer quality training processes that respond to the country's problems and needs. Collaborative work between universities and the Pan American Health Organization resulted in consolidation of the VCPH.

RESUMO Objetivo. Reconstruir a experiência do Campus Virtual de Saúde Pública (CVSP) de 2012 a 2019 na Colômbia. Métodos. Realizou-se a sistematização da experiência do processo de formação em saúde pública na Colômbia por meio do Campus, referente ao período de 2012 a 2019. As informações são apresentadas em séries transversais de períodos de tempo para mostrar a evolução histórica do CVSP na Colômbia. Resultados. Foram capacitados 2.627 profissionais de saúde em cursos com instrutor e 34.012 em cursos de autoaprendizagem sobre temas relevantes, atuais e prioritários de saúde pública. Destacam-se a oportunidade e o acesso a regiões remotas que o Campus obteve, por meio de processos de formação sem custo para o usuário final. A experiência destaca a relevância do Campus na redução da lacuna de atualização do talento humano da área da saúde, mediante processos de educação virtual com diversidade nas modalidades e ofertas de formação. Conclusões. A reconstrução da experiência da Colômbia mostrou a evolução e o fortalecimento do CVSP para oferecer processos de formação com qualidade, a fim de responder aos problemas e necessidades do país. A consolidação do Campus deve-se ao trabalho colaborativo entre as universidades e a Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde.

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RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia del síndrome de burnout en el personal de enfermería en hospitales del Departamento del Atlántico (Colombia). Materiales y Métodos Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo transversal, en 117 profesionales y 229 auxiliares de enfermería de cuatro hospitales del Departamento del Atlántico (Colombia), dos públicos y dos privados. Se empleó una encuesta anónima con datos sociodemográficos y la escala de Maslach. Resultados La prevalencia global del síndrome de burnout o desgaste profesional fue de 65%. En profesionales de enfermería, fue de 63,2% y en auxiliares de enfermería, de 65,9%. El 13,3% de los participantes presentó un grado elevado de burnout para el cansancio emocional; el 9,2%, para la despersonalización; y el 62,7% obtuvo puntuaciones bajas para la realización personal. En los profesionales de enfermería, el 12,7% obtuvo una puntuación alta para cansancio emocional; 7,4% para despersonalización, y 64,2% obtuvo puntuaciones bajas para la realización personal. Por su parte, en los auxiliares de enfermería el comportamiento en algunas subescalas fue muy similar; el 14,5% obtuvo una puntuación alta para cansancio emocional; 12,8%, para despersonalización y 59,8% obtuvo puntuaciones bajas para la realización personal. Conclusiones La presencia del síndrome de burnout en la población estudiada es alta. Es similar tanto en enfermeros como en auxiliares de enfermería. La dimensión más afectada fue la realización personal en ambos grupos estudiados, lo cual corresponde a sentimientos altos del "quemado".

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the prevalence of burnout syndrome in the nursing staff in four hospitals located in the State of Atlántico (Colombia). Material and Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted and included as participants 117 nursing professionals and 229 nursing auxiliaries from four hospitals located in the State of Atlantico (Colombia), two public and two privates. An anonymous self-study survey was used on sociodemographic, labor data and Maslach Scale. Results The overall prevalence of Burnout Syndrome or professional burnout was 65%. In nursing professionals it was 63,2% and in nursing auxiliaries 65,9%. At least 13,3% of the participants had a high degree of Burnout from emotional exhaustion, 9.2% for depersonalization, and 62,7% had low scores for personal fulfillment. In nursing professionals, 12,7% had a high score for emotional exhaustion, 7,4% for depersonalization, and 64,2% obtained low scores for personal fulfillment. On the other hand, in nursing auxiliaries the behavior in some subscales was very similar, 14,5% had a high score for emotional exhaustion, 12,8% for depersonalization and 59,8% had low scores for personal fulfillment. Conclusions The presence of burnout syndrome is high in the studied population, it is similar in both, nurses and nursing auxiliaries. The most affected dimension was the personal fulfillment in both groups, which corresponds to high feelings of the "burned".

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Introducción: El abordaje de las epidemias/pandemias debe llevarse a cabo desde una enseñanza transversal que involucre un pensamiento completo. Objetivo: Evaluar diferentes herramientas pedagógicas para el aprendizaje significativo activo en el aula. Métodos: Estudio de caso (n = 10), sin grupo de control, en el contexto de un seminario internacional. Se empleó una encuesta de percepciones y creencias ante pandemias, a través de la estrategia didáctica para observar, reflexionar y aplicar mediante el cine, y otros insumos para apoyar el aprendizaje. Resultados: Los docentes se mostraron favorables a la utilización del cine en el aula durante la propuesta metodológica, y apoyaron los instrumentos empleados para el aprendizaje y la dinámica docente en situaciones epidemiológicas. Asimismo, mejoró el proceso pedagógico, el análisis de los fenómenos desde la perspectiva local, la capacidad de objetivar situaciones que fomenten un pensamiento complejo y el uso de la interdisciplinariedad en el aula. Conclusiones: La incorporación del género de cine pandémico, acompañado de la estrategia ORA, el uso de cuestionario de percepciones y creencias, y otros insumos, mejora el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, favorece el abordaje de problemas de pensamiento complejo, y mejora la empatía entre docentes y estudiantes en el aula(AU)

Introduction: Approach to epidemics/pandemics must be carried out from transversal teaching that involves complete thinking. Objective: To assess different pedagogical tools for active meaningful learning in the classroom. Methods: Case study (n= 10), without a control group, carried out in the context of an international seminar. A survey of perceptions and beliefs during pandemics was used by means of the didactic strategy to observe, reflect and apply through cinema and other elements to support learning. Results: The professors supported the use of cinema in the classroom during the methodological proposal, as well as the instruments used for learning and teaching dynamics in epidemiological situations. Likewise, there was an improvement of the pedagogical process, the analysis of phenomena from the local perspective, the ability to objectify situations that promote complex thinking, and the use of interdisciplinarity in the classroom. Conclusions: The incorporation of the pandemic cinema genre, accompanied by the observation-relation-application strategy, the use of a perceptions and beliefs questionnaire, as well as other elements, improves the teaching-learning process, favors the approach to complex thinking problems, and improves empathy between professors and students in the classroom(AU)

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RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar la relación entre los determinantes sociales de la salud y el estado nutricional de los niños pertenecientes a dos comunidades indígenas de la Costa Caribe colombiana, los wayús y los zenús. Métodos Estudio transversal que aborda el estado nutricional de los wayús y los zenús en edad preescolar y escolar. Incluyendo, además, estimación de determinantes sociales de la salud, referida por cuidadores de menores, que aborda algunos aspectos de ejes de desigualdad de tipo estructural (etnia, territorio, edad y sexo) e intermedios: vivienda, entorno y redes, mediante instrumentos de salud familiar. Se estandarizaron métricas de talla, peso e insumos de familiograma y ecomapa. Se estimaron medidas descriptivas de tipo frecuentistas y de medidas de tendencia central. Se estimó la odds ratio y su relación con variables independientes. Resultados La prevalencia de desnutrición global en la etnia Wayú fue del 59,1% IC (47,569,8) y en la etnia Zenú del 22,4% IC (15,9-30,4) para una p<0,001. Esta diferencia se relaciona con factores de riesgo intermediarios de saneamiento: inadecuadas excretas con OR=2.54; IC (1.42-4.53) p=0.002, la falta de empleo OR=1.94; IC (1.09-3.46) P=0.03 y falta de acceso a servicios de salud occidental OR=2.42; IC (1.34-4.40) p=0.005. Conclusiones La mejora en la nutrición requiere intervenir determinantes intermedios relacionados con saneamiento, modelo de salud, intersectorialidad de políticas en salud más enfoque étnico-cultural y territorial.

ABSTRACT Objetive To identify the relationship between the Health's Social Determinants and the nutritional status of children belonging to two indigenous communities on the Colombian Caribbean coast, the Wayú and the Zenú. Methods Cross-sectional study that addresses nutritional status in wayúes and zenúes at preschool and school age. Also including the estimation of health's social determinants, referred by minor's caregivers, which addresses some aspects of structural ¡nequality axes (ethnicity, territory, age, and sex) and intermediates: housing, environment, and networks, through health instruments family. Metrics for height, weight, and inputs for the familiogram and ecomap were standardized. Descriptive measures of frequencies and central tendency were estimated. Odds ratio and its relationship with ¡ndependent variables were estimated. Results The prevalence of global malnutrition in the Wayú ethnic group was 59.1% (47.5-69.8) and in the Zenú ethnic group 22.4% (15.9-30.4) for a p<0.001. This difference is related to intermedíate risk factors with sanitation: inadequate excreta with OR=2.54; CI (1.42-4.53) p=0.002, lack of employment OR=1.94; CI (1.09-3.46) P=0.03 and lack of access to western health services OR=2.42; IC (1.34-4.40) p=0.005. Conclusions Improvement in nutrition requires the intervention of intermediate determinants related to sanitation, health model, intersectoriality of health policies plus an ethnic-cultural and territorial focus.

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RESUMEN El abordaje para la investigación de brotes/pandemias es una actividad desafiante, necesaria y retadora para los salubristas y epidemiólogos. Esta actuación permite que los servicios de epidemiología y de vigilancia profundicen el conocimiento de la enfermedad, recaben datos históricos de episodios pandémicos, caractericen vulnerables, planteen hipótesis e intervengan los factores de riesgos en un contexto ambiental y sociocultural determinado con una actuación local y una perspectiva global. Se considera un abordaje sindémico, de tal manera que conjugan aspectos de determinantes sociales interconectados y profundizando en la pandemia.

ABSTRACT The outbreak/pandemic investigation approach is a challenging, necessary and challenging activity for health professionals and epidemiologists. This approach allows epidemiology and surveillance services to deepen their knowledge of the disease, collect historical data on pandemic episodes, characterize vulnerabilities, develop hypotheses and intervene risk factors in a given environmental and sociocultural context with local action and a global perspective. A syndemic approach is considered, in such such a way that it combines aspects of interconnected social determinants and deepening in the pandemic.

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Resumen Introducción: El impacto social y sanitario que ha generado la pandemia COVID-19 a nivel global permite repensar aspectos de vigilancia epidemiológica y comunicación en tiempos de crisis. Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento de la pandemia COVID-19 en los departamentos y distritos especiales de la región caribe colombiana. Materiales y Métodos: Análisis documental e interpretativo a partir de fuentes secundarias de vigilancia nacional "SIVIGILA" y datos de entes territoriales. Resultados: Cartagena de Indias es la primera unidad territorial del Caribe en presentar casos por COVID-19, seguido de Santa Marta y Barranquilla. El mayor número de casos se registró en Barranquilla, Atlántico, Cartagena y Córdoba. Así mismo, la mayor tasa de muertes por 100 000 habitantes se registró en Barranquilla, Atlántico, Córdoba, Santa Marta, Sucre y Cartagena. En el Caribe se implementaron estrategias de distanciamiento social como prohibición de eventos masivos y cierre de fronteras. Discusión: Para describir el comportamiento de la pandemia es importante que las autoridades sanitarias continúen asumiendo el reto para la detección, sistematización y manejo oportuno de los casos. El comportamiento de la pandemia ha sido similar en los departamentos del Caribe Colombiano, hay una homogeneidad al momento de acatar las normas del gobierno, y cada región adaptó diferentes estrategias dentro de un marco general para reducir la incidencia de la enfermedad. Se recomienda fortalecer la similitud entre los datos reportados por el Ministerio de Salud, SIVIGILA y los entes territoriales. El talento humano en salud cualificado puede soportar este ejercicio a fin de superar la actuación mediática y avanzar hacia la gobernanza.

Abstract Background: The social and health impact generated by the COVID-19 pandemic allows us to re-think aspects of epidemiological surveillance and communication in struggle-times. Objective: To describe the behavior of the COVID-19 pandemic in the departments and special districts of the Colombian Caribbean region. Methodology: This is a documentary and interpretive analysis from secondary sources of National Surveillance "SIVIGILA" and data from local governments. Results: Cartagena de Indias is the first territorial area in the Caribbean to present cases COVID-19, followed by Santa Marta and Barranquilla. The highest number of cases was registered in Barranquilla, Atlántico, Cartagena and Córdoba. Likewise, the highest death rate per 100,000 inhabitants was observed in Barranquilla, Atlántico, Córdoba, Santa Marta, Sucre and Cartagena. In the Caribbean, social distancing was implemented, as well as the limitation of mass gatherings and border closure. Discussion: To describe the pandemic behavior, it is important that health authorities continue to assume the challenges of detection, systematization, and timely handling of cases. The COVID-19 performance has been similar in the Colombian Caribbean. There is a homogeneity regarding the government regulations compliance and each region adapted different strategies to reduce the incidence of the dicease. It is recommended to strengthen the concordance between the data reported by the Ministry of Health, SIVIGILA, and the territorial entities. Qualified human talent can support this exercise in order to overcome the media performance through the strengthening of governance.

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